'For the love of God, just refer me': a co-produced qualitative study of the experiences of people with Tourette Syndrome and tic disorders accessing healthcare services in the UK.

Objectives: Chronic tic disorders (CTDs)-such as Tourette Syndrome (TS)-are neurodevelopmental disorders affecting at least 1% of the population, causing repetitive involuntary movements and vocalisations known as tics. This study aimed to explore the lived experiences of accessing healthcare for people with CTD or TS and their families in the United Kingdom (UK), as part of a larger programme of work to inform change to healthcare services for this population.

Design: Informed and designed with extensive patient and public involvement, the design utilised qualitative research using focus groups.

The Role of Ethanol in Lithium-Mediated Nitrogen Reduction.

Although the Haber-Bosch process for industrial ammonia production is hailed by many as one of the most influential breakthroughs of the 20th century, its decarbonization and decentralization remain a critical challenge. One of the most promising and fast improving approaches is electrochemical nitrogen reduction mediated by lithium. However, the impact of electrolyte configuration on the formation of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and its effect on selective nitrogen reduction is still elusive.

Childhood cancer incidence around nuclear installations in Great Britain, 1995-2016.

Background: Concerns remain about the potential harmful health impact of nuclear installations. Historical clusters of leukaemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (LNHL) in children living near Sellafield and Dounreay installations in Great Britain remain aetiologically unexplained, and the sites remain under surveillance. We assess the risk of LNHL, central nervous system (CNS) and all solid tumours in children aged 0-14 years living within 25 km of nuclear installations in Great Britain, between 1995 and 2016.

Isolation of Extracellular Vesicle Subtypes from Primary Osteoblast Cultures.

This chapter describes the isolation and characterization of extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated from primary rodent osteoblasts and extracellular matrix. The key advantages of this assay are that it allows the isolation of EVs from the conditioned media of primary osteoblasts at varying stages of differentiation and subsequent characterization prior to downstream applications.

Isolation and Generation of Osteoclasts.

This chapter describes the isolation, expansion, staining, and imaging of osteoclasts from murine (MKS, BKD, and MMM) and human (NS, JBO, and KS) sources. We cover in detail both traditional and more modern methods of assessing osteoclast formation and function in vitro including advances in image acquisition and automated analyses. Importantly, we provide in-depth methods for human osteoclast culture systems, methods to assess human osteoclast function, and highlight potential methodological pitfalls and ways to overcome them.

A dietary intervention following incretin analog treatment restores adipose tissue functions in diet-induced obese mice.

Obesity is associated with the development of type 2 diabetes. In recent years, incretin analogs have been prescribed at a high rate for the treatment of obesity and diabetes due to their potent effects on lowering body weight and improving glucose homeostasis. However, many patients do not stay on incretin analog therapy and thereby rapidly regain body weight.

A systematic review exploring perceptions of Tourette syndrome and tic disorders using the common-sense model of illness representations.

Objective: Tic disorders (TDs) are neurodevelopmental conditions characterised by tics and typically appear during childhood. The Common Sense Model of Self-Regulation (CSM) provides a useful theoretical framework for understanding health beliefs in people with TDs - and parents' beliefs given 'shared' illness experiences between child and parent. Exploring health beliefs in adults can also provide insight as to how TD-related beliefs may evolve over time.

Extracellular pH is a critical regulator of osteoclast fusion, size and activation.

Osteoclast activity is regulated by extracellular pH, whereby bone resorption is near-maximally activated at pH 7.0 but limited at ≥pH 7.4.

Seizure prediction in pregnant women with epilepsy: An umbrella review of clinical practice guidelines and systematic reviews.

Objective: To identify risk factors for seizure in pregnant women, and in the general population with epilepsy.

Study Design: Umbrella review of clinical practice guidelines and systematic reviews on risk factors or prediction models for seizure occurrence in pregnant women with epilepsy, adults with epilepsy, or all individuals with epilepsy. Guidelines or systematic reviews exclusively for children were excluded.

Health and associated economic benefits of reduced air pollution and increased physical activity from climate change policies in the UK.

Climate change policies do not always include analysis of air quality and physical activity co-benefits. We compared business as usual (BAU) UK policy with Net Zero scenarios from the UK Climate Change Committee for road transport and building sectors. We quantified and monetised the health benefits of the Balanced Net Zero (BNZP) and Widespread Innovation (WI) Pathways.

Analysis of crude wastewater from two treatment plants in South Wales for 35 new psychoactive substances and cocaine, and cannabis.

This study investigates the presence of new psychoactive substances (NPS) and their metabolites in two wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) situated in South Wales, UK (WWTP-1 and WWTP-2). Analysis was conducted for 35 NPS and metabolites, along with the inclusion of benzoylecgonine (main cocaine metabolite) and cannabis, the most detected illicit substances. Benzoylecgonine was identified as the predominant substance in both WWTPs.

Stability of new psychoactive substances in crude wastewater.

Those involved in drug testing continue to grapple with the dynamic nature of emerging psychoactive substances (NPS) and their rapid infiltration into society. The challenge extends beyond merely detecting and measuring NPS using analytical tools; it also encompasses the complexities arising from the formation and presence of metabolites and degradation products. This study utilises liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry to investigate the stability of new psychoactive substances in wastewater.

Accelerating glacier volume loss on Juneau Icefield driven by hypsometry and melt-accelerating feedbacks.

Globally, glaciers and icefields contribute significantly to sea level rise. Here we show that ice loss from Juneau Icefield, a plateau icefield in Alaska, accelerated after 2005 AD. Rates of area shrinkage were 5 times faster from 2015-2019 than from 1979-1990.

Short-Term Nitrogen Dioxide Exposure and Emergency Hospital Admissions for Asthma in Children: A Case-Crossover Analysis in England.

Background: There is an increasing body of evidence associating short-term ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO) exposure with asthma-related hospital admissions in children. However, most studies have relied on temporally resolved exposure information, potentially ignoring the spatial variability of NO. We aimed to investigate how daily NO estimates from a highly resolved spatio-temporal model are associated with the risk of emergency hospital admission for asthma in children in England.

Absence of new psychoactive substances in wastewater from South Wales, UK, revealed by optimised liquid chromatography-time-of-flight analysis.

New psychoactive substances are produced and marketed to mimic the effects of their illicit counterparts and to attempt to evade drug tests and prosecution. Here, we present the optimisation, validation and application of an analytical method using liquid chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry to detect and quantify 37 new psychoactive substances and illicit substances in wastewater from South Wales, UK, using a targeted analysis method. Sample preparation was performed using solid-phase extraction with Oasis HLB cartridges.

Implementing internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy (moodgym) for African students with symptoms of low mood during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative feasibilty study.

Background: Online therapies have been shown to be effective in improving students' mental health. They are cost-effective and therefore have particular advantages in low-income countries like Zambia where mental health resources are limited. This study aimed to explore the perceived impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the feasibility of implementing an Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (iCBT) intervention ('moodgym') to improve resilience in vulnerable Zambian students.

Probing Degradation in Lithium Ion Batteries with On-Chip Electrochemistry Mass Spectrometry.

The rapid uptake of lithium ion batteries (LIBs) for large scale electric vehicle and energy storage applications requires a deeper understanding of the degradation mechanisms. Capacity fade is due to the complex interplay between phase transitions, electrolyte decomposition and transition metal dissolution; many of these poorly understood parasitic reactions evolve gases as a side product. Here we present an on-chip electrochemistry mass spectrometry method that enables ultra-sensitive, fully quantified and time resolved detection of volatile species evolving from an operating LIB.

Mortality from leading cancers in districts of England from 2002 to 2019: a population-based, spatiotemporal study.

Background: Cancers are the leading cause of death in England. We aimed to estimate trends in mortality from leading cancers from 2002 to 2019 for the 314 districts in England.

Methods: We did a high-resolution spatiotemporal analysis of vital registration data from the UK Office for National Statistics using data on all deaths from the ten leading cancers in England from 2002 to 2019.

Searching for the Rules of Electrochemical Nitrogen Fixation.

Li-mediated ammonia synthesis is, thus far, the only electrochemical method for heterogeneous decentralized ammonia production. The unique selectivity of the solid electrode provides an alternative to one of the largest heterogeneous thermal catalytic processes. However, it is burdened with intrinsic energy losses, operating at a Li plating potential.

Phl p 5 levels more strongly associated than grass pollen counts with allergic respiratory health.

Background: Studies have linked daily pollen counts to respiratory allergic health outcomes, but few have considered allergen levels.

Objective: We sought to assess associations of grass pollen counts and grass allergen levels (Phl p 5) with respiratory allergic health symptoms in a panel of 93 adults with moderate-severe allergic rhinitis and daily asthma hospital admissions in London, United Kingdom.

Methods: Daily symptom and medication scores were collected from adult participants in an allergy clinical trial.

Online remote behavioural intervention for tics in 9- to 17-year-olds: the ORBIT RCT with embedded process and economic evaluation.

Background: Behavioural therapy for tics is difficult to access, and little is known about its effectiveness when delivered online.

Objective: To investigate the clinical and cost-effectiveness of an online-delivered, therapist- and parent-supported therapy for young people with tic disorders.

Design: Single-blind, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial, with 3-month (primary end point) and 6-month post-randomisation follow-up.