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This chapter describes the isolation, expansion, staining, and imaging of osteoclasts from murine (MKS, BKD, and MMM) and human (NS, JBO, and KS) sources. We cover in detail both traditional and more modern methods of assessing osteoclast formation and function in vitro including advances in image acquisition and automated analyses. Importantly, we provide in-depth methods for human osteoclast culture systems, methods to assess human osteoclast function, and highlight potential methodological pitfalls and ways to overcome them. This collection of protocols provides a valuable resource for labs either initiating in vitro osteoclast assays or aiming to expand on traditional methods.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-4306-8_2 | DOI Listing |
Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab
August 2025
Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel 4031, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel 4031, Switzerland; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Cantonal Hospital Baselland, Switzerland. E
Chronic hyponatremia is increasingly recognized as a potential contributor to impaired bone health, although the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated. Experimental studies have demonstrated that low serum sodium levels affect both osteoclast and osteoblast function, resulting primarily in increased bone resorption and secondarily in reduced bone formation. In humans, however, evidence regarding the effects of hyponatremia on bone remains limited.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Bone Miner Res
September 2025
Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.
Autosomal Dominant Osteopetrosis (ADO) is a rare, osteosclerotic disorder usually caused by missense variants in the CLCN7 gene, resulting in impaired osteoclastic bone resorption. Penetrance is incomplete and disease severity varies widely, even among relatives within the same family. Although ADO can cause visual loss, osteonecrosis, osteomyelitis, and bone marrow failure, the most common complication of ADO is fracture.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTissue Cell
September 2025
Department of Health and Sports Science, Toyo University School of Health and Sports Science, 1-7-11 Akabanedai, Kita-ku, Tokyo 115-8650, Japan. Electronic address:
The development of new adjunct therapies to support bone healing remains an important clinical challenge. Eggshell membrane (ESM), a natural biomaterial derived from chicken eggs, has recently attracted attention for its safety, biocompatibility, and cost-effectiveness. We aimed to evaluate the effects of ESM supplementation on bone healing in a rat tibial drill-hole injury model.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCurr Osteoporos Rep
September 2025
NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Purpose Of Review: In this review, we will examine the pathophysiology, anatomy, biochemistry, and genotype-phenotype correlation of femoral fractures in adult hypophosphatasia.
Recent Findings: Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a rare genetic disease characterized by low activity of tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP). The disease presents a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations primarily determined by the degree of residual TNAP activity.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)
September 2025
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Hospital of jilin University, Changchun, China.
Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by reduced bone density and degeneration of bone microstructure. It is prevalent among postmenopausal women and elderly individuals. Current treatments face challenges such as drug side effects, low adherence, and comorbidities.
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