Exploring tolerance and side effects of an innovative yeast-bound iron supplement: a feasibility trial.

Background: Iron deficiency is prevalent among female athletes, often leading to fatigue, impaired recovery, and decreased performance. Conventional oral iron supplements are associated with poor absorption and negative gastrointestinal side effects, resulting in low adherence. This feasibility trial investigated the tolerability and gastrointestinal effects of an iron-yeast complex (FeSC) supplement in physically active females to assess its potential for further study.

Skeletal Muscle Composition and the Effects of Exercise and/or Prebiotic Fiber in Preventing Diet Related Morbidities.

We established a model of diet-induced obesity in Sprague-Dawley rats that produces, in addition to obesity, metabolic syndrome and musculoskeletal degeneration. Prebiotic fiber and aerobic exercise interventions have been shown to rescue bones and joints from degeneration, but it has yet to be shown if muscle degeneration can also be stopped with these interventions. This study was aimed at determining if prebiotic fiber supplementation and/or aerobic exercise can prevent muscular alterations in our rat model of obesity.

Prebiotic supplementation in patients with type 1 diabetes: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial in Canada.

Introduction: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) mellitus is caused by autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta-cells, requiring exogenous insulin to sustain life. Achieving near normal blood glucose levels with insulin, a primary goal of diabetes management, carries a significant risk of hypoglycaemia. There is compelling evidence that an abnormal gut microbiota or dysbiosis can increase intestinal permeability (IP) and contribute to dysglycaemia seen in T1D.

Influence of Maternal Glycemia on Breast Milk Composition and Volume Ingested by Infants of Mothers With Type 1 Diabetes.

Objective: To examine relationships between maternal glucose and breast milk composition and volume ingested by infants of mothers with type 1 diabetes (T1D), and to compare breast milk composition in women with and without T1D.

Research Design And Methods: Midfeed breast milk samples were collected from 11 mothers with T1D. Maternal continuous glucose monitoring data were correlated with breast milk composition and volume ingested.

Effects of combined prebiotic fiber supplementation and weight loss counseling in adults with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a randomized controlled trial.

Purpose: Our aim was to examine the effects of combined prebiotic fiber supplementation and weight loss counseling on liver fat, body composition, subjective appetite, serum metabolomics, and intestinal microbiota in adults with MASLD.

Methods: In a double blind, placebo-controlled trial, adult participants aged 18-70 years old with MASLD were randomized to receive prebiotic (oligofructose-enriched inulin, 16 g/day; n = 22) or isocaloric placebo (maltodextrin; n = 20) for 24 weeks alongside weight loss counseling from a registered dietitian. Primary outcomes were change in intrahepatic fat % (IHF%) and hepatic injury from baseline to 24 weeks.

Early-life gut mycobiome core species modulate metabolic health in mice.

The gut microbiome causally contributes to obesity; however, the role of fungi remains understudied. We previously identified three core species of the infant gut mycobiome (Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Malassezia restricta and Candida albicans) that correlated with body mass index, however their causal contributions to obesity development are unknown. Here we show the effects of early-life colonization by these fungal species on metabolic health in gnotobiotic mice fed standard (SD) or high-fat-high-sucrose (HFHS) diets.

Effects of Infant Formula Supplemented With Prebiotics on the Gut Microbiome, Gut Environment, Growth Parameters, and Safety and Tolerance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Context: Prebiotics are often added to infant formulas to mimic the benefits of oligosaccharides found in human milk.

Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effects of prebiotic-supplemented cow's milk-based formula on the gut microbiota, gut environment, growth parameters, and safety and tolerance in infants ≤6 months old, compared with a standard formula or human milk comparator.

Data Sources: Searches were performed in the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses databases.

Sex-specific response of intramuscular fat to diet-induced obesity in rats.

Metabolic abnormalities associated with excess adiposity in obesity contribute to many noncommunicable diseases, including sarcopenic obesity. Sarcopenic obesity is the loss of muscle mass coupled with excess fat mass and fatty infiltrations in muscle tissue called myosteatosis. A diet-induced obesity model was developed to study fat infiltration in muscle tissue.

Effects of a paternal diet high in animal protein (casein) versus plant protein (pea protein with added methionine) on offspring metabolic and gut microbiota outcomes in rats.

Evidence suggests that paternal diet can influence offspring metabolic health intergenerationally but whether dietary animal and plant proteins differ in their impact on fathers and their offspring is not known. Our objective was to examine the effects of a paternal diet high in casein versus pea protein on fathers and their offspring. Five-week-old male rats were fed: (1) control, (2) high animal protein (AP, 36.

Biomarkers of Intestinal Permeability Are Influenced by Diet in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis-An Exploratory Study.

The disruption of the intestinal epithelial barrier leads to increased intestinal permeability (IP), allowing endotoxins and pathogens to enter the bloodstream contributing to chronic inflammation. Western diets are associated with increased IP, while diets rich in polyphenols, fiber, and omega-3 fats are linked to decreased IP. The relationship between diet, disease activity, and IP in ulcerative colitis (UC) is poorly understood.

Development of shoulder osteoarthritis and bone lesions in female and male rats subjected to a high fat/sucrose diet.

Oligofructose prebiotic fiber supplementation has been reported to mitigate the effects of a high fat/high sucrose diet and reduce knee joint degeneration in male rats. However, few studies investigated the development of osteoarthritis and bone lesions as a function of sex and in joints other than the knee. This study was aimed at to quantifying the effect of a HFS diet and prebiotic fiber supplementation on shoulder joint health in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats.

A novel scoring system to separate typical OA joint degeneration from non-typical lesions in male rats.

Objective: To develop a novel scoring system to characterize osteoarthritis-related degeneration distinct from spontaneous subchondral bone lesions observed in the tibia and femur of male Sprague Dawley rats.

Method: Knee joints from male rats following 12 weeks of a diet-induced obesity model of osteoarthritis (OA) were assessed. OA histopathological changes (OAHC) were assessed in the knee joints.

The effects of chicory inulin-type fructans supplementation on weight management outcomes: systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Excess body weight and adiposity can adversely affect metabolic health. Prebiotics such as inulin-type fructans (ITFs) from chicory root are known to modulate gut microbiota and may improve body weight regulation.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess evidence for chicory ITF supplementation to support weight management.

Gut microbiome-targeted therapies and bone health across the lifespan: a scoping review.

Emerging evidence suggests that bone turnover is influenced by the gut microbiome through critical bone signaling pathways. The purpose of this scoping review is to examine prebiotic, probiotic, and synbiotic interventions on bone outcomes in humans across the lifespan. PubMed, Scopus, and EBSCOhost were searched until January 2023 to identify clinical trials examining bone mineral density (BMD) or bone mineral content (BMC) with gut microbiome interventions.

Early Life Surgency, but not Effortful Control or Negative Affectivity, Is a Mediating Variable Between Maternal Pre-Pregnancy Body Mass Index and Childhood Obesity Risk.

Maternal gestational obesity is related to risk of obesity in the child. This risk may be in part mediated by altered child temperament, which can affect mother-child interactions, including feeding and soothing behaviors that affect obesity risk. Our objective was to examine the association between maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and child zBMI and determine if child temperament, specifically positive Affectivity/Surgency, mediates this association.

Intrapartum antibiotic use is associated with higher child body mass index (BMI) z-score at 4 years of age.

Early life antibiotic exposure may increase obesity risk. We investigated if prenatal, intrapartum, or childhood antibiotic use is associated with child zBMI score at 4 yrs of age. We included data from the Alberta Pregnancy Outcomes and Nutrition (APrON) study, a prospective cohort study, on maternal and child antibiotic exposure and clinic measures of height and weight at age 4 (n = 408).

Associations Between Health Behaviors, Gastrointestinal Symptoms, and Gut Microbiota in a Cross-Sectional Sample of Cancer Survivors: Secondary Analysis from the Chemo-Gut Study.

Background: Health behaviors, such as diet and exercise, are actions individuals take that can potentially impact gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and the gut microbiota. Little is known about how health behaviors impact GI symptoms and the gut microbiota after anti-cancer therapies.

Methods: This is a secondary analysis of a cross-sectional study that investigated relationships between GI symptoms, gut microbiota, and patient-reported outcomes in adult cancer survivors.

Cluster-specific associations between the gut microbiota and behavioral outcomes in preschool-aged children.

Background: The gut microbiota is recognized as a regulator of brain development and behavioral outcomes during childhood. Nonetheless, associations between the gut microbiota and behavior are often inconsistent among studies in humans, perhaps because many host-microbe relationships vary widely between individuals. This study aims to stratify children based on their gut microbiota composition (i.

Protocol for nutritional intervention in neonatal rats using the "pup-in-a-cup" artificial rearing system.

Early-life nutrition fundamentally influences newborn development and health. Here, we present a protocol for nutritional intervention in neonatal rats using the "pup-in-a-cup" artificial rearing system. We describe steps for rat milk substitute preparation, cheek cannulation and maintenance, and nutritional manipulation during the suckling period.

The British Columbia Farmers' Market Nutrition Coupon Program Reduces Short-Term Household Food Insecurity Among Adults With Low Incomes: A Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: The British Columbia Farmers' Market Nutrition Coupon Program (BC FMNCP) provides households with low incomes with coupons to purchase healthy foods from farmers' markets.

Objective: To examine the impact of the BC FMNCP on the short-term household food insecurity, malnutrition risk, mental well-being, sense of community (secondary outcomes), and subjective social status (exploratory outcome) of adults with low incomes post-intervention and 16 weeks post-intervention.

Design: Secondary analyses from a pragmatic randomized controlled trial conducted in 2019 that collected data at baseline, post-intervention, and 16 weeks post-intervention.

Long-term and trimester-specific effects of prenatal stress on the child gut microbiota.

Objective: Stress is common among pregnant individuals and is associated with an altered gut microbiota composition in infants. It is unknown if these compositional changes persist into the preschool years when the gut microbiota reaches an adult-like composition. This study aimed to investigate if indicators of prenatal stress (i.

Alterations in skeletal muscle morphology and mechanics in juvenile male Sprague Dawley rats exposed to a high-fat high-sucrose diet.

Although once a health concern largely considered in adults, the obesity epidemic is now prevalent in pediatric populations. While detrimental effects on skeletal muscle function have been seen in adulthood, the effects of obesity on skeletal muscle function in childhood is not clearly understood. The purpose of this study was to determine if the consumption of a high-fat high-sucrose (HFS) diet, starting in the post-weaning period, leads to changes in skeletal muscle morphology and mechanics after 14 weeks on the HFS diet.

Exploring associations between the gut microbiota and full-scale intelligence in preschool children.

The relationship between the gut microbiota and neurocognitive outcomes is becoming increasingly recognized; however, findings in humans are inconsistent. In addition, few studies have investigated the gut microbial metabolites that may mediate this relationship. The objective of this study was to investigate associations between full-scale intelligence (FSIQ) and the composition of the gut microbiota and metabolome in preschool children.

Select human milk oligosaccharide supplementation in post-weanling rats affects metabolism and gut microbiota into adulthood.

Objective: Feeding infants with human milk versus formula can produce long-lasting benefits, including reduced risk of inflammatory diseases. Most infant formulas do not contain human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), which are important carbohydrates in human breast milk displaying prebiotic properties. The study's aim was to examine the effect of select HMOs in the post-weaning period.