Epidemiological spectrum of infectious uveitis in the Asia-Pacific.

Infectious uveitis remains a major cause of global visual morbidity, with significant geographic variability in its epidemiological patterns and clinical presentations. The Asia-Pacific region presents a unique model to study infectious uveitis, due to socioeconomic, environmental, and healthcare diversity within its populations. This narrative review explores the spectrum of infectious uveitides prevalent in the Asia-Pacific region, emphasizing diseases with high endemicity, emerging threats, and those posing notable diagnostic or therapeutic challenges.

Understanding the phenotype of genetically associated electronegative ERG retinopathies: comparing the full-field ERG b:a ratio.

Purpose: The electronegative electroretinogram (ERG) is a specific clinical finding usually indicating inner retinal dysfunction occurring post-phototransduction. X-linked retinoschisis (XLRS) and complete and incomplete congenital stationary night blindness (cCSNB, iCSNB) are inherited retinal dystrophies classically associated with electronegative ERGs. Comparing the full-field ERG b:a ratio expands current ERG diagnostic criteria and aids in localising physiological sites and pathological mechanisms.

The Global Epidemiology of Scleritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Purpose: Scleritis, a severe inflammatory condition of the sclera, causes significant ocular pain and potential tissue damage. Often linked with systemic diseases, scleritis can be either infectious or noninfectious. Despite its clinical importance, the global incidence and detailed epidemiology of scleritis are poorly understood due to its heterogeneity and rarity.

A case documenting distinct natural history of multizonal outer retinopathy and retinal pigment epitheliopathy (MORR) with longitudinal multi-modal documentation of progression.

Purpose: To describe the clinical and imaging characteristics of the acute progressive phase of a recently proposed clinical entity, Multizonal Outer Retinopathy and Retinal Pigment Epitheliopathy (MORR), a variant of Acute Zonal Occult Outer Retinopathy (AZOOR).

Methods: Single observational case report.

Results: We present the case of a 49-year-old myopic female with progressive outer retinopathy most consistent with a diagnosis of MORR.

Use of immunomodulatory treatment for non-infectious uveitis: an International Ocular Inflammation Society report of real-world practice.

Background: Non-infectious uveitis is a diverse group of inflammatory conditions that collectively account for substantial blindness worldwide. Expert guidelines and results of clinical trials guide treatment, but real-world clinical care is impacted by additional factors. In 2023, an international group of uveitis-specialised ophthalmologists formed the to report current practice.

Orbital necrobiotic xanthogranuloma with necrotizing scleritis and absent cutaneous manifestations.

Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma (NXG) is a rare systemic disease, that commonly manifests with orbital and ocular adnexal involvement, presenting with periocular yellow papules and plaques that may ulcerate. Periorbital skin lesions are a hallmark of the disease, and in their absence the diagnosis may be delayed, preventing prompt systemic evaluation and appropriate treatment of this condition. We report a unique case of a 58-year-old female patient with NXG that presented with severe bilateral necrotizing scleritis, left orbital mass and no cutaneous manifestations of NXG.

Ocular vs neurosyphilis. are they the same? A guide to investigation and management.

This article reviews key concepts in the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis and management of ocular syphilis. It is not a systematic review or meta-analysis, but highlights the critical clinical features and investigations in patients with ocular syphilis. It reviews the overlap and interplay between ocular and neuro syphilis and provides practical guidance to diagnose and manage patients with ocular syphilis.

Saffron therapy for the ongoing treatment of age-related macular degeneration.

Objective: To assess the long-term efficacy and safety of oral saffron, a natural antioxidant, in treating mild/moderate age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Methods And Analysis: Open-label, extension trial of 93 adults (>50 years) with mild/moderate AMD and vision >20/70 Snellen equivalent in at least 1 eye. Exclusion criteria included confounding visual lesions or significant gastrointestinal disease impairing absorption.

Immunomodulatory Treatment Versus Systemic Steroids in Inflammatory Choroidal Neovascularization Secondary to Idiopathic Multifocal Choroiditis.

Purpose: To evaluate the influence of immunomodulatory therapy (IMT) on visual and treatment outcomes of inflammatory choroidal neovascularization (iCNV) in patients affected by multifocal choroiditis (MFC), and to compare them to patients treated with steroids as needed.

Design: Multicenter retrospective matched cohort study.

Methods: Patients affected by MFC with iCNV were divided into a IMT group and a "steroids as needed" group and matched according to the time between diagnosis and beginning of systemic treatment.

Healthcare costs following falls and cataract surgery in older adults using Australian linked health data from 2012-2019.

Objectives: To investigate publicly funded healthcare costs according to faller status and the periods pre- and post-cataract surgeries, and identify factors associated with higher monthly costs in older people with bilateral cataract.

Methods: This prospective cohort study included community-dwelling older people aged 65 and over (between 2012 and 2019); at baseline participants had bilateral cataract and were waiting for cataract surgery in New South Wales (NSW) public hospitals. Participants were followed for 24 months.

Long term outcome and prognostic indicators in Posner Schlossman syndrome.

Background: Posner Schlossman syndrome is a well-defined uveitis entity that is characterised by relapsing remitting unilateral anterior uveitis with markedly raised intraocular pressure. The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors for progression in patients with Posner Schlossman syndrome.

Methods: Ninety-eight patients were enrolled in a retrospective case series.

PRESUMPTIVE RECURRENCE OF INTRAOCULAR LYMPHOMA DESPITE CHIMERIC ANTIGEN RECEPTOR T-CELL THERAPY.

Purpose: To present the first reported case of presumptive intraocular recurrence of lymphoma following Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy despite systemic control by CD19-CAR T cells.

Methods: Observational case report.

Results: A 59-year-old man with diffuse, large, B-cell lymphoma subsequently developed secondary central nervous system disease despite chemotherapy.

The Infectious Uveitis Treatment Algorithm Network (TITAN) Report 2-global current practice patterns for the management of Cytomegalovirus anterior uveitis.

Aims: To present current practice patterns in the diagnosis and management of Cytomegalovirus anterior uveitis (CMV AU) by uveitis experts worldwide.

Methods: A two-round modified Delphi survey with masking of the study team was performed. Based on experience and expertise, 100 international uveitis specialists from 21 countries were invited to participate in the survey.

Necrotizing Scleritis: A Review.

Necrotizing scleritis is the most destructive and vision-threatening form of scleritis. Necrotizing scleritis can occur in systemic autoimmune disorders and systemic vasculitis, as well as following microbial infection. Rheumatoid arthritis and granulomatosis with polyangiitis remain the commonest identifiable systemic diseases associated with necrotising scleritis.

The multifunctional human ocular melanocortin system.

Immune privilege in the eye involves physical barriers, immune regulation and secreted proteins that together limit the damaging effects of intraocular immune responses and inflammation. The neuropeptide alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) normally circulates in the aqueous humour of the anterior chamber and the vitreous fluid, secreted by iris and ciliary epithelium, and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). α-MSH plays an important role in maintaining ocular immune privilege by helping the development of suppressor immune cells and by activating regulatory T-cells.

The role of a multicentre data repository in ocular inflammation: The Ocular Autoimmune Systemic Inflammatory Infectious Study (OASIS).

In the current literature, clinical registry cohorts related to ocular inflammation are few and far between, and there are none involving multi-continental international data. Many existing registries comprise administrative databases, data related to specific uveitic diseases, or are designed to address a particular clinical problem. The existing data, although useful and serving their intended purposes, are segmented and may not be sufficiently robust to design prognostication tools or draw epidemiological conclusions in the field of uveitis and ocular inflammation.

Intraocular Pressure Spikes Following iStent Inject and the Relationship to Aqueous Outflow in Open Angle Glaucoma.

Prcis: Adding trabecular bypass surgery (TBS) to phacoemulsification creates unpredictable short-term intraocular pressure (IOP) control that may be undesirable for patients with advanced glaucoma. Aqueous outflow (AO) responses after TBS are complex and probably multifactorial.

Purpose: To assess IOP spikes in patients with open angle glaucoma up to 1 month after iStent inject and their relationship to AO patterns measured by hemoglobin video imaging (HVI).

Beaded Pearls Appearance in Syphilitic Chorioretinitis.

Purpose: To report an atypical case of bilateral syphilitic chorioretinitis.

Methods: A case report.

Results: A young male presented with bilateral pigmentary retinal changes along with multifocal chorioretinal lesions along the blood vessels giving a "beaded pearl" appearance.