Bioinspired Prolactin Pulse Release from Responsive Microneedles for Inhibiting Fatty Liver Formation.

Hormonal mechanisms of fatty liver formation require in-depth exploration, and corresponding therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. Here, through serological testing of mice with fatty liver, it is found that the rhythms of prolactin secretion are disturbed and that the circulating prolactin level is reduced. Based on these findings, prolactin's biological effects on fatty liver are investigated, and biomimetic photothermal-responsive core-shell microneedles with periodically prolactin releasing are proposed to inhibit lipid accumulation in liver.

Social jetlag elicits fatty liver via perturbed circulating prolactin rhythm-mediated circadian remodeling of hepatic lipid metabolism.

Background: The prevalence of circadian misalignment, particularly social jetlag (SJL), contributes significantly to the epidemic of metabolic disorders. However, the precise impact of SJL on the liver has remained poorly elucidated.

Methods: The rhythmicity of circulating prolactin (PRL) was evaluated in subjects with SJL and mice under SJL.

Evaluating and improving the connectivity of China's protected area networks for facilitating species range shifts under climate change.

Contemporary climate change is causing spatial redistributions of many species, potentially undermining the effectiveness of existing protected areas (PAs). This raises concerns about whether current PAs are connected enough to capture climate-induced range shifts and how to expand PAs to support this ecological process. Hence, we conducted a national-scale assessment of climate connectivity for the terrestrial PAs across mainland China.

Prolactin deficiency drives diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction by inducing microglia-mediated synaptic loss.

Background: Diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction, characterized by hippocampal synaptic loss as an early pathological feature, seriously threatens patients' quality of life. Synapses are dynamic structures, and hormones play important roles in modulating the formation and elimination of synapses. The pituitary, the master gland of the body, releases several hormones with multiple roles in hippocampal synaptic regulation.

A Century of Prolactin: Emerging Perspectives as a Metabolic Regulator.

Prolactin, a hormone that has been studied for almost a century, has evolved from a reproductive regulator to a key player in metabolic health. Initially identified for its lactogenic role, the impact of prolactin on glucose and lipid metabolism became evident in the 1970s, leading to a paradigm shift in our understanding. Deviations in prolactin levels, including hyperprolactinaemia and hypoprolactinaemia, have been associated with adverse effects on glucose and lipid metabolism.

Excessive free fatty acid sensing in pituitary lactotrophs elicits steatotic liver disease by decreasing prolactin levels.

The pituitary is the central endocrine gland with effects on metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). However, it is not clear whether the pituitary responds to free fatty acid (FFA) toxicity, thus dysregulating hepatic lipid metabolism. Here, we demonstrate that decreased prolactin (PRL) levels are involved in the association between FFA and MASLD based on a liver biospecimen-based cohort.

Lower serum PRL is associated with the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become an epidemic worldwide and has been linked to a series of metabolic co-morbidities. Prolactin (PRL) has recently been found to have a negative effect on NAFLD, but a causal relationship is not well-understood. Here we investigated the causative relationship between PRL and NAFLD occurrence.

Effects of Early Intensive Insulin Therapy on Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes.

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the alteration of circulating CD34KDRCD133 endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and the mechanism of the effect of early intensive insulin therapy.

Methods: In this study, 36 patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and 22 control subjects matched by age and gender were enrolled. All of the patients with diabetes received intensive insulin therapy.

Association of Omental Adipocyte Hypertrophy and Fibrosis with Human Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes.

Objective: Morphological alterations including adipocyte hypertrophy and fibrosis deposition are important surrogate markers of visceral adipose tissue function, but the relationships between these morphological changes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and impaired insulin sensitivity are poorly defined.

Methods: Omental adipose tissue was obtained from 66 individuals with obesity but without T2DM (OB group), 93 individuals with both obesity and T2DM (T2DM group), and 15 individuals with normal BMI and normal glucose tolerance (NGT group). Adipocyte diameter and volume were measured through pathological section analysis.

Correction to: A newly noninvasive model for prediction of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: utility of serum prolactin levels.

Following publication of the original article [1], we have been notified that the given name of one of the authors was spelled incorrectly.

A newly noninvasive model for prediction of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: utility of serum prolactin levels.

Backgrounds: To investigate the value of prolactin (PRL) in diagnosing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Methods: Metabolic parameters and serum PRL levels were measured in 452 males and 421 females, who were randomized to the estimation or the validation group as a 1:1 ratio. Hepatic steatosis was diagnosed via abdominal ultrasound.

Modulation of gut microbiota contributes to effects of intensive insulin therapy on intestinal morphological alteration in high-fat-diet-treated mice.

Aims: Disturbance of intestinal homeostasis promotes the development of type 2 diabetes. Although intensive insulin therapy has been shown to promote extended glycemic remission in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients through multiple mechanisms, its effect on intestinal homeostasis remains unknown.

Methods: This study evaluated the effects of intensive insulin therapy on intestinal morphometric parameters in a hyperglycemic mice model induced by high-fat diet (HFD).

Adipose group 1 innate lymphoid cells promote adipose tissue fibrosis and diabetes in obesity.

Pathogenic factors driving obesity to type 2 diabetes (T2D) are not fully understood. Group 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILC1s) are effectors of innate immunity and enriched in inflamed tissues. Here we show that the number of adipose ILC1s increases in obese T2D patients and correlates with glycemic parameters and with the number of ILC1s in the blood; circulating ILC1 numbers decrease as a result of metabolic improvements after bariatric surgery.

Efficacy and Safety of Basal Analog Regimens in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Introduction: This study compared basal analog (BA: glargine U100/mL and detemir) and premix (PM: human, lispro and aspart biphasic) insulin regimens in terms of their efficacy and safety in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.

Methods: Searches of MEDLINE, Embase, and CENTRAL identified primary randomized controlled trials (RCTs) ≥ 12 weeks in duration that compared BA or PM insulin regimens in adults with T2DM, with ≥ 30 patients per arm. A systematic literature review and a pairwise meta-analysis were performed using a random effects model adjusted for between-study variability.

Insulin Glargine Combined with Oral Antidiabetic Drugs for Asians with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Pooled Analysis to Identify Predictors of Dose and Treatment Response.

Introduction: In Asia, patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) often have suboptimal glycemic control for many years prior to initiating basal insulin. Active titration of basal insulin is also required to improve glycemic outcomes. This pooled analysis was conducted to determine the impact of patient baseline covariates on the required dose of basal insulin and treatment response, for the improved management of Asian patients with T2DM.

Erythropoietin alleviates hepatic steatosis by activating SIRT1-mediated autophagy.

Erythropoietin (EPO), besides its stimulatory effect on erythropoiesis, is beneficial to insulin resistance and obesity. However, its role in hepatic steatosis remains unexplored. Activating autophagy seems a promising mechanism for improving fatty liver disease.

Prolactin improves hepatic steatosis via CD36 pathway.

Background & Aims: Prolactin (PRL) is a multifunctional polypeptide with effects on metabolism, however, little is known about its effect on hepatic steatosis and lipid metabolism. Herein, we aimed to assess the role of PRL in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Methods: The serum PRL levels of 456 patients with NAFLD, 403 controls without NAFLD diagnosed by ultrasound, and 85 individuals with liver histology obtained during metabolic surgery (44 female and 30 male patients with NAFLD and 11 age-matched non-NAFLD female individuals) were evaluated.

Modulation of gut microbiota contributes to curcumin-mediated attenuation of hepatic steatosis in rats.

Background: Structural disruption of gut microbiota contributes to the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and modulating the gut microbiota represents a novel strategy for NAFLD prevention. Although previous studies have demonstrated that curcumin alleviates hepatic steatosis, its effect on the gut microbiota modulation has not been investigated.

Methods: Next generation sequencing and multivariate analysis were utilized to evaluate the structural changes of gut microbiota in a NAFLD rat model induced by high fat-diet (HFD) feeding.

Global epidemiology of diabetic foot ulceration: a systematic review and meta-analysis .

Diabetic foot is a severe public health issue, yet rare studies investigated its global epidemiology. Here we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis through searching PubMed, EMBASE, ISI Web of science, and Cochrane database. We found that that global diabetic foot ulcer prevalence was 6.

Erythropoietin alleviates hepatic insulin resistance via PPARγ-dependent AKT activation.

Erythropoietin (EPO) has beneficial effects on glucose metabolism and insulin resistance. However, the mechanism underlying these effects has not yet been elucidated. This study aimed to investigate how EPO affects hepatic glucose metabolism.