Association Between Consumption of Low- and No-Calorie Artificial Sweeteners and Cognitive Decline: An 8-Year Prospective Study.

Background And Objectives: Consumption of low- and no-calorie sweeteners (LNCSs) has been associated with adverse health outcomes. However, little is known about the association between consumption of LNCSs and cognition. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between consumption of LNCSs and cognitive decline.

Adherence to different EAT-Lancet diet scores and subclinical atherosclerosis: results from ELSA-Brasil cohort study.

Background And Aims: The EAT-Lancet Commission advocates a global reference diet for human health within planetary boundaries. Although the EAT-Lancet diet has been associated with health outcomes, its association with subclinical atherosclerosis is yet to be explored. Thus, our aim was to address this question.

Effects of the cardiac cycle on carotid intima-media thickness in ELSA-Brasil baseline assessment.

Background: It is unclear to what extent the cardiac cycle influences carotid intima-media thickness CIMT values, especially in individuals with major Cardiovascular Risk Factors (CVRF). The authors analyzed CIMT variability across the cardiac cycle using baseline data from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil).

Methods: The authors analyzed data from 9546 ELSA-Brasil participants, aged 35 to 74 in six Brazilian cities.

The association between the compliance of prescriptions with treatment guidelines and long-term survival after acute coronary syndrome: results from the ERICO study.

Background: Compliance of prescriptions with treatment guidelines (CPTG) after an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is poorly studied. We studied CPTG index levels in ERICO cohort over three years and its association with long-term mortality.

Research Design And Methods: We analyzed data from 961 ERICO participants who were discharged after an ACS event.

Association of urinary dipeptidyl peptidase 4 activity with clinical outcomes in people with chronic kidney disease.

Experimental studies have shown that urinary dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (uDPP4), unlike serum DPP4 (sDPP4) activity, correlates with proteinuria, serum creatinine, and left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy in chronic kidney disease (CKD) models, suggesting a potential role for uDPP4 in CKD progression. This study examined the relationship of uDPP4 and sDPP4 activities with renal, cardiovascular, and metabolic markers, along with mortality and initiation of kidney replacement therapy (KRT) events in individuals with CKD. DPP4 activity was measured in the urine and serum of 426 participants from the Brazilian CKD cohort, PROGREDIR.

Dietary patterns derived from three diet quality indices and associated factors: findings from the baseline of ELSA-Brasil.

The aim of this study was to describe dietary patterns using three diet quality indices and the associated factors among 15,081 participants from the baseline of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Dietary intake was assessed through a food frequency questionnaire. Three diet quality indices were applied: the Planetary Health Diet Index (PHDI), the Cardiovascular Health Diet Index (CHDI), and the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015).

Coping with a chronic condition that requires lifelong medication: a qualitative study with people living with atrial fibrillation in São Paulo, Brazil.

Objective: To provide insight into how people cope with living with atrial fibrillation (AF) and taking oral anticoagulants (OACs), informing how services and healthcare delivery could be improved to offer the appropriate support patients require, thereby optimising their quality of life and well-being.

Design: A qualitative study employing focus group discussions (FGDs).

Setting: 11 primary care units in a socioeconomically deprived area of the Butantan district in São Paulo, Brazil.

Global, Regional, and National Burden of Nontraumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: The Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Importance: Nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) represents the third most common stroke type with unique etiologies, risk factors, diagnostics, and treatments. Nevertheless, epidemiological studies often cluster SAH with other stroke types leaving its distinct burden estimates obscure.

Objective: To estimate the worldwide burden of SAH.

Physical Activity and Survival After an Acute Coronary Syndrome: Data From the ERICO Study.

Background: Due to enhancements in health care, the number of individuals who survive an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) event is rising. In this population, the impact of physical activity on long-term survival is still a matter of debate. We aimed to analyze the association between the level of physical activity during the first 4 years of follow-up and survival.

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Association of adiposity evaluated by anthropometric and bioelectrical impedance analysis measures with cognitive performance in the ELSA-Brasil study.

Background: While midlife obesity is linked to cognitive decline, this association is inconsistent in older adults, possibly due to the limitations of body mass index (BMI) in accurately assessing adiposity at older ages. Most studies focused on White or Asian populations, did not include other adiposity measures besides BMI, adjusted the analyses for mediators, and did not investigate potential subgroup-specific associations. We compared the associations of adiposity measured by anthropometrical and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) with cognitive performance in a diverse population, examining modifications by age, sex, and race, and investigating the mediating effects of obesity-related comorbidities.

Association of Early- to Midlife Weight Trajectories With Mid- to Late-Life Cognitive Decline in the ELSA-Brasil Study.

Background And Objectives: While midlife obesity is consistently associated with cognitive decline in later life, there is limited understanding of how weight variations from early life to midlife affect cognitive decline. We investigated the association between early- to midlife weight trajectories and mid- to late-life cognitive decline.

Methods: This is a longitudinal cohort study that used data from 3 waves (2008-2019) of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health, a multicenter cohort study that enrolled active and retired public servants aged 35+ years from public universities in Brazil.

Plasma levels of small HDL particles are associated with coronary atherosclerosis progression in adults with diabetes.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major driver of coronary atherosclerosis progression, yet its impact is highly heterogeneous. Insulin resistance contributes to a complex interplay of metabolic disturbances that accelerate atherogenesis to varying degrees. Identifying biomarkers that refine cardiovascular risk prediction in this population remains a clinical priority.

Low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol subfractions as predictors for coronary artery calcium incidence and progression - The Brazilian longitudinal study of Adult Health (ELSA - Brasil).

Background And Aims: Low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c) subfractions may play different roles in atherogenesis. Our objective was to evaluate the association between LDL-c subfractions and coronary artery calcium (CAC) incidence in individuals with a baseline CAC = 0 and CAC progression in those with CAC > 0 at baseline.

Methods: We include 2632 participants from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health cohort, all of whom underwent two repeated CAC score measurements and had LDL-c subfraction measurements.

Exploring Associations between Race/Ethnicity and Glaucoma Prevalence in a Multicenter Brazilian Study: The ELSA-Brasil.

Purpose: Previous research indicates a higher prevalence of glaucoma in Black individuals of African descent. However, the association between race and glaucoma in Brazil's multiracial population remains underexplored. This study examines this association and seeks to identify preventable factors potentially influencing prevalence differences among racial groups in Brazil, should such difference be found.

Lipoprotein subfractions and carotid plaque: NMR analysis of triglyceride-rich vs LDL particle size concentrations (ELSA-Brasil study).

Background: This study analyzed the cross-sectional association of elevated concentrations of low-density lipoprotein particles (LDLp) and triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particles (TRLp) with carotid artery plaque (CAP) in the ELSA-Brasil cohort.

Methods: Data from 3801 participants (median age: 50.0 years [IQR 44.

Association Between Cigarette Smoking and Subclinical Markers of Cardiovascular Harm.

Background: Cigarette smoking is a strong risk factor for cardiovascular harm.

Objectives: The study sought to explore the detailed relationships between smoking intensity, pack-years, and time since cessation with inflammation, thrombosis, and subclinical atherosclerosis markers of cardiovascular harm.

Methods: We included 182,364 participants (mean age 58.

Association of obesity and LDL subfractions evaluated by body mass index, waist circumference, and diabetes status: the ELSA-Brasil study.

Low-density lipoproteins (LDL) comprise a pool of particles with different densities that may have variable impact on atherogenesis. Studies suggest that obese individuals with elevated body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) have increased small and dense LDL subfractions (sdLDL-c). It is unclear if diabetes (T2D) and insulin resistance (IR) may modify this association.

Non-linear associations of serum lipid levels with cognitive decline: Findings from the ELSA-Brasil cohort.

Background And Aims: Elevated low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) is a modifiable risk factor for dementia, but evidence on other lipids is inconsistent, particularly in studies from low and middle-income countries. This study aimed to assess the association between lipid levels and cognitive decline in the ELSA-Brasil cohort.

Methods: In this prospective study, baseline serum lipid profile [total cholesterol (TC), LDL-C, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides, and non-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (Non-HDL-C)] was analyzed.

Effects of home-use transcranial direct current stimulation on clusters of depressive symptoms: an ancillary analysis of the PSYLECT study.

Objective: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is heterogeneous. While transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is an effective treatment, its impact on symptoms remains underexplored. This ancillary study investigated home-use tDCS effects on depression symptom clusters.

Prevalence and Mortality of Heart Failure Stages in a Free-Living Older Adult Population: Data From the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health.

Background: Heart failure (HF) has a major impact on public health. HF staging helps capture preclinical disease and its progression to advanced stages. There are scarce data on HF staging from longitudinal studies in Latin America.

Weekend sleep extension, social jetlag, and incidence of coronary calcium score: the ELSA-Brasil study.

Study Objectives: Insufficient/irregular sleep patterns are common conditions, but their cardiovascular consequences and strategies to minimize these risks are poorly explored. We aimed to determine whether weekend sleep extension (catch-up sleep) and social jetlag may impact the incidence of subclinical atherosclerosis.

Methods: We performed a 7-day wrist actigraphy in this cohort study to monitor sleep parameters.

Hearing loss and cognitive decline in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) during eight years of follow-up.

BackgroundHearing loss (HL) of moderate or higher grades is common in older adults with increasing prevalence as people age, rising from 12% at the age of 60 years to over 58% at 90 years. HL in midlife is one of the main potentially modifiable risk factors for dementia. It is estimated that 7% of dementia cases globally could be avoided if this risk factor was eliminated.

Effects of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure on Central and Peripheral Blood Pressure in Patients with Uncontrolled Hypertension and Obstructive Sleep Apnea: The Randomized Controlled MORPHEOS Clinical Trial.

Previous studies evaluating the effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on blood pressure (BP) among patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) showed variable results. Moreover, several studies recruited patients with normal or controlled BP, and compliance with antihypertensive drug treatment was not monitored. In addition, very few studies investigated central BP in this scenario.

On-Target Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Adults with Diabetes Not at High Cardiovascular Disease Risk Predicts Greater Mortality, Independent of Early Deaths or Frailty.

Lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) to <70 mg/dL is recommended for most patients with diabetes. However, clinical trials investigating subjects with diabetes who are not at high cardiovascular risk are inconclusive regarding the all-cause mortality benefit of the current target, and real-world studies suggest greater mortality. We aimed to assess the all-cause mortality at different LDL-C levels among subjects with diabetes not at high risk and to examine the potential roles of early deaths and frailty for this greater mortality.