Association Between Consumption of Low- and No-Calorie Artificial Sweeteners and Cognitive Decline: An 8-Year Prospective Study.

Background And Objectives: Consumption of low- and no-calorie sweeteners (LNCSs) has been associated with adverse health outcomes. However, little is known about the association between consumption of LNCSs and cognition. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between consumption of LNCSs and cognitive decline.

Selective Vulnerability of Hippocampi for Nitric Oxide Synthases in Alzheimer's Disease Pathology and Cognitive Abilities.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathological changes (ADNC) are characterized by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. The role of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in disease progression remains unclear. This study investigates the expression of neural, inducible, and endothelial NOS (nNOS, iNOS, eNOS) and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) in the hippocampal subregions of individuals with ADNC and their association with cognitive abilities.

Rural-urban disparities in cognitive performance in Brazil and Mexico.

Objectives: There is little evidence of the disparities in cognitive performance in rural and urban areas in Latin America. We used data from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI) and the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS), to assess whether rurality is associated with cognitive impairment.

Methods: Cognitive impairment was determined using a regression-based approach.

Association of adiposity evaluated by anthropometric and bioelectrical impedance analysis measures with cognitive performance in the ELSA-Brasil study.

Background: While midlife obesity is linked to cognitive decline, this association is inconsistent in older adults, possibly due to the limitations of body mass index (BMI) in accurately assessing adiposity at older ages. Most studies focused on White or Asian populations, did not include other adiposity measures besides BMI, adjusted the analyses for mediators, and did not investigate potential subgroup-specific associations. We compared the associations of adiposity measured by anthropometrical and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) with cognitive performance in a diverse population, examining modifications by age, sex, and race, and investigating the mediating effects of obesity-related comorbidities.

Association of Early- to Midlife Weight Trajectories With Mid- to Late-Life Cognitive Decline in the ELSA-Brasil Study.

Background And Objectives: While midlife obesity is consistently associated with cognitive decline in later life, there is limited understanding of how weight variations from early life to midlife affect cognitive decline. We investigated the association between early- to midlife weight trajectories and mid- to late-life cognitive decline.

Methods: This is a longitudinal cohort study that used data from 3 waves (2008-2019) of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health, a multicenter cohort study that enrolled active and retired public servants aged 35+ years from public universities in Brazil.

Association Between Alcohol Consumption, Cognitive Abilities, and Neuropathologic Changes: A Population-Based Autopsy Study.

Background And Objectives: Heavy alcohol consumption is a major global health concern linked to increased morbidity and mortality. However, the long-term impact of excessive alcohol consumption on cognitive abilities and dementia-related neuropathology is unclear. The aim of this study was to analyze the association between alcohol consumption and age-related neuropathologic outcomes in a population-based autopsy study.

Non-linear associations of serum lipid levels with cognitive decline: Findings from the ELSA-Brasil cohort.

Background And Aims: Elevated low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) is a modifiable risk factor for dementia, but evidence on other lipids is inconsistent, particularly in studies from low and middle-income countries. This study aimed to assess the association between lipid levels and cognitive decline in the ELSA-Brasil cohort.

Methods: In this prospective study, baseline serum lipid profile [total cholesterol (TC), LDL-C, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides, and non-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (Non-HDL-C)] was analyzed.

Hearing loss and cognitive decline in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) during eight years of follow-up.

BackgroundHearing loss (HL) of moderate or higher grades is common in older adults with increasing prevalence as people age, rising from 12% at the age of 60 years to over 58% at 90 years. HL in midlife is one of the main potentially modifiable risk factors for dementia. It is estimated that 7% of dementia cases globally could be avoided if this risk factor was eliminated.

Association between occupational complexity and cognitive function in older adults from Brazil and Mexico.

More complex occupations during adulthood may be associated with better cognition in later life. We used data from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI) and the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS) to investigate the association between occupational complexity and cognitive function. Using a regression-based approach, participants were classified as cognitively impaired or not.

Serum folate levels, but not vitamin B12, are associated with slower progression in carotid intima-media thickness in a population exposed to mandatory folic acid fortification.

Background&aims: Folate and vitamin B12 are vitamins involved in one carbon metabolism. Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) is a non-invasive test and an early atherosclerosis marker. The relationship between these vitamins and cIMT is not well established.

Higher Ultraprocessed Food Consumption Is Associated With Depression Persistence and Higher Risk of Depression Incidence in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health.

Background: Ultraprocessed foods (UPF) consumption has been associated with depression risk, but its association with depression persistence is unclear.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of UPF consumption with depression persistence and incidence.

Design: The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health is a multicenter prospective cohort study with 3 waves (2008-2010, 2012-2014, and 2017-2019).

Hospital admissions for dementia in the Brazilian public health system over the last decade.

Objective: The rise in dementia prevalence, particularly in lower- and middle-income countries (LMIC), places a significant burden on healthcare systems. However, comprehensive data on dementia hospital admissions are scarce.

Methods: We analyzed admission rates for dementia, cost of hospital admissions, lengths of hospital stay, and in-hospital deaths in 2010 and 2019 in Brazil.

Association of Moderate and Vigorous Physical Activity With Cognitive Performance: Evidence From Brazil.

Objective: It is estimated that 2% of dementia cases worldwide could be prevented with increases in physical activity. However, there is little evidence of the association between vigorous physical activity (VPA) and cognitive performance. This study aimed to investigate the association of moderate physical activity (MPA) and VPA with cognitive performance in older adults from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brasil).

Association Between Subclinical Thyroid Dysfunction and Cognitive Decline: Findings From the ELSA-Brasil Study.

Background: Thyroid dysfunction has been associated with cognitive decline and dementia. However, the role of subtle thyroid hormone alterations in cognitive function is still debatable.

Methods: Participants without overt thyroid dysfunction aged 35-74 years at baseline were evaluated in 3 study waves (2008-2010, 2012-2014, and 2017-2019).

Rural-urban disparities in fruit and vegetable consumption and cognitive performance in Brazil.

Objectives: Rural residents are exposed to many risk factors for poor diet quality, such as low socioeconomic status and food insecurity. However, the differences between urban and rural residents regarding the association of fruit and vegetable consumption with cognitive performance have not been explored. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of fruit and vegetable consumption with cognitive performance in urban and rural areas in a nationally representative sample of Brazilian older adults.

Education and cognitive function among older adults in Brazil and Mexico.

Unlabelled: Education is protective against cognitive impairment. We used nationally representative data from Mexico and Brazil to assess the association between education and cognitive function. The sample included adults ≥ 50 years from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI) and the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS).

Dietary folate intake and its association with longitudinal changes in cognition function.

Background & Aims: Folate (vitamin B9) is an essential co-factor for one-carbon metabolism. Controversial evidence has emerged regarding the association between folate and cognitive performance. The aim of the study was to investigate the association between baseline dietary folate intake and cognitive decline in a population exposed to mandatory fortification during a median follow-up of 8 years.

Dissipating the fog: Cognitive trajectories and risk factors 1 year after COVID-19 hospitalization.

Introduction: Cognitive impairment is common after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. However, associations between post-hospital discharge risk factors and cognitive trajectories have not been explored.

Methods: A total of 1105 adults (mean age ± SD 64.

Prevalence of Dementia and Cognitive Impairment No Dementia in a Large and Diverse Nationally Representative Sample: The ELSI-Brazil Study.

Background: Approximately 77% of older adults with dementia in Brazil have not been diagnosed, indicating a major public health issue. Previous epidemiological dementia studies in Brazil were based on data from 1 geopolitical region.

Methods: We aimed to estimate the general and subgroup-specific (age, education, and sex) prevalence of dementia and cognitive impairment no dementia (CIND) classification using data from 5 249 participants aged 60 years and older from the ELSI-Brazil, a large nationally representative sample.

Different Sources of Sugar Consumption and Cognitive Performance in Older Adults: Data From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2014.

Objectives: Excess sugar consumption, particularly in sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), has been linked to poor cognitive performance. We aimed to assess the association of consumption of total sugar, as well as the consumption of SSBs, solid desserts, and 100% fruit juice with cognitive performance among older adults.

Methods: Consumption of total sugar, SSBs, solid desserts, and 100% fruit juice were obtained from the 24-hr recall interview.

Association Between Consumption of Ultraprocessed Foods and Cognitive Decline.

Importance: Although consumption of ultraprocessed food has been linked to higher risk of cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, and obesity, little is known about the association of consumption of ultraprocessed foods with cognitive decline.

Objective: To investigate the association between ultraprocessed food consumption and cognitive decline in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This was a multicenter, prospective cohort study with 3 waves, approximately 4 years apart, from 2008 to 2017.

Th17/Treg imbalance in COPD progression: A temporal analysis using a CS-induced model.

Background: The imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory immune responses plays a pivotal role in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) development and progression. To clarify the pathophysiological mechanisms of this disease, we performed a temporal analysis of immune response-mediated inflammatory progression in a cigarette smoke (CS)-induced mouse model with a focus on the balance between Th17 and Treg responses.

Methods: C57BL/6 mice were exposed to CS for 1, 3 or 6 months to induce COPD, and the control groups were maintained under filtered air conditions for the same time intervals.

Fructose ingestion impairs expression of genes involved in skeletal muscle's adaptive response to aerobic exercise.

Background: The inverse relationship between exercise capacity and its variation over time and both cardiovascular and all-cause mortality suggests the existence of an etiological nexus between cardiometabolic diseases and the molecular regulators of exercise capacity. Coordinated adaptive responses elicited by physical training enhance exercise performance and metabolic efficiency and possibly mediate the health benefits of physical exercise. In contrast, impaired expression of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis or protein turnover in skeletal muscle-key biological processes involved in adaptation to physical training-leads to insulin resistance and obesity.