Adherence to different EAT-Lancet diet scores and subclinical atherosclerosis: results from ELSA-Brasil cohort study.

Background And Aims: The EAT-Lancet Commission advocates a global reference diet for human health within planetary boundaries. Although the EAT-Lancet diet has been associated with health outcomes, its association with subclinical atherosclerosis is yet to be explored. Thus, our aim was to address this question.

Effects of the cardiac cycle on carotid intima-media thickness in ELSA-Brasil baseline assessment.

Background: It is unclear to what extent the cardiac cycle influences carotid intima-media thickness CIMT values, especially in individuals with major Cardiovascular Risk Factors (CVRF). The authors analyzed CIMT variability across the cardiac cycle using baseline data from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil).

Methods: The authors analyzed data from 9546 ELSA-Brasil participants, aged 35 to 74 in six Brazilian cities.

The association between the compliance of prescriptions with treatment guidelines and long-term survival after acute coronary syndrome: results from the ERICO study.

Background: Compliance of prescriptions with treatment guidelines (CPTG) after an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is poorly studied. We studied CPTG index levels in ERICO cohort over three years and its association with long-term mortality.

Research Design And Methods: We analyzed data from 961 ERICO participants who were discharged after an ACS event.

Socioeconomic and lifestyle factors associated with chronic musculoskeletal disorders in Brazil: a network analysis of a population-based study involving 87,648 Brazilian adults.

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSKDs) are the leading cause of disability worldwide. The associations between socioeconomic and lifestyle factors and MSKDs have been widely studied in Europe and North America. However, little data are available about their relationship in Latin America.

Dietary patterns derived from three diet quality indices and associated factors: findings from the baseline of ELSA-Brasil.

The aim of this study was to describe dietary patterns using three diet quality indices and the associated factors among 15,081 participants from the baseline of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Dietary intake was assessed through a food frequency questionnaire. Three diet quality indices were applied: the Planetary Health Diet Index (PHDI), the Cardiovascular Health Diet Index (CHDI), and the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015).

Global, Regional, and National Burden of Nontraumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: The Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Importance: Nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) represents the third most common stroke type with unique etiologies, risk factors, diagnostics, and treatments. Nevertheless, epidemiological studies often cluster SAH with other stroke types leaving its distinct burden estimates obscure.

Objective: To estimate the worldwide burden of SAH.

Physical Activity and Survival After an Acute Coronary Syndrome: Data From the ERICO Study.

Background: Due to enhancements in health care, the number of individuals who survive an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) event is rising. In this population, the impact of physical activity on long-term survival is still a matter of debate. We aimed to analyze the association between the level of physical activity during the first 4 years of follow-up and survival.

Association of adiposity evaluated by anthropometric and bioelectrical impedance analysis measures with cognitive performance in the ELSA-Brasil study.

Background: While midlife obesity is linked to cognitive decline, this association is inconsistent in older adults, possibly due to the limitations of body mass index (BMI) in accurately assessing adiposity at older ages. Most studies focused on White or Asian populations, did not include other adiposity measures besides BMI, adjusted the analyses for mediators, and did not investigate potential subgroup-specific associations. We compared the associations of adiposity measured by anthropometrical and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) with cognitive performance in a diverse population, examining modifications by age, sex, and race, and investigating the mediating effects of obesity-related comorbidities.

Plasma levels of small HDL particles are associated with coronary atherosclerosis progression in adults with diabetes.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major driver of coronary atherosclerosis progression, yet its impact is highly heterogeneous. Insulin resistance contributes to a complex interplay of metabolic disturbances that accelerate atherogenesis to varying degrees. Identifying biomarkers that refine cardiovascular risk prediction in this population remains a clinical priority.

Low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol subfractions as predictors for coronary artery calcium incidence and progression - The Brazilian longitudinal study of Adult Health (ELSA - Brasil).

Background And Aims: Low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c) subfractions may play different roles in atherogenesis. Our objective was to evaluate the association between LDL-c subfractions and coronary artery calcium (CAC) incidence in individuals with a baseline CAC = 0 and CAC progression in those with CAC > 0 at baseline.

Methods: We include 2632 participants from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health cohort, all of whom underwent two repeated CAC score measurements and had LDL-c subfraction measurements.

Lipoprotein subfractions and carotid plaque: NMR analysis of triglyceride-rich vs LDL particle size concentrations (ELSA-Brasil study).

Background: This study analyzed the cross-sectional association of elevated concentrations of low-density lipoprotein particles (LDLp) and triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particles (TRLp) with carotid artery plaque (CAP) in the ELSA-Brasil cohort.

Methods: Data from 3801 participants (median age: 50.0 years [IQR 44.

The influence of diabetes and hyperglycemia on short and long-term mortality after the first-ever known COVID-19 infection.

Aims: To evaluate previous diabetes and hyperglycemia in post-COVID-19 mortality.

Methods: We evaluated patients with diabetes (previous diabetes and use of medication and random glucose ≥ 200 mg/dl and HbA1C ≥ 6.5 % or 48 mmol/mol) and patients without diabetes with hyperglycemia 1 year before COVID-19.

Association Between Cigarette Smoking and Subclinical Markers of Cardiovascular Harm.

Background: Cigarette smoking is a strong risk factor for cardiovascular harm.

Objectives: The study sought to explore the detailed relationships between smoking intensity, pack-years, and time since cessation with inflammation, thrombosis, and subclinical atherosclerosis markers of cardiovascular harm.

Methods: We included 182,364 participants (mean age 58.

Association of obesity and LDL subfractions evaluated by body mass index, waist circumference, and diabetes status: the ELSA-Brasil study.

Low-density lipoproteins (LDL) comprise a pool of particles with different densities that may have variable impact on atherogenesis. Studies suggest that obese individuals with elevated body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) have increased small and dense LDL subfractions (sdLDL-c). It is unclear if diabetes (T2D) and insulin resistance (IR) may modify this association.

Non-linear associations of serum lipid levels with cognitive decline: Findings from the ELSA-Brasil cohort.

Background And Aims: Elevated low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) is a modifiable risk factor for dementia, but evidence on other lipids is inconsistent, particularly in studies from low and middle-income countries. This study aimed to assess the association between lipid levels and cognitive decline in the ELSA-Brasil cohort.

Methods: In this prospective study, baseline serum lipid profile [total cholesterol (TC), LDL-C, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides, and non-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (Non-HDL-C)] was analyzed.

Effects of home-use transcranial direct current stimulation on clusters of depressive symptoms: an ancillary analysis of the PSYLECT study.

Objective: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is heterogeneous. While transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is an effective treatment, its impact on symptoms remains underexplored. This ancillary study investigated home-use tDCS effects on depression symptom clusters.

Weekend sleep extension, social jetlag, and incidence of coronary calcium score: the ELSA-Brasil study.

Study Objectives: Insufficient/irregular sleep patterns are common conditions, but their cardiovascular consequences and strategies to minimize these risks are poorly explored. We aimed to determine whether weekend sleep extension (catch-up sleep) and social jetlag may impact the incidence of subclinical atherosclerosis.

Methods: We performed a 7-day wrist actigraphy in this cohort study to monitor sleep parameters.

Effects of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure on Central and Peripheral Blood Pressure in Patients with Uncontrolled Hypertension and Obstructive Sleep Apnea: The Randomized Controlled MORPHEOS Clinical Trial.

Previous studies evaluating the effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on blood pressure (BP) among patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) showed variable results. Moreover, several studies recruited patients with normal or controlled BP, and compliance with antihypertensive drug treatment was not monitored. In addition, very few studies investigated central BP in this scenario.

Cognitive changes in post-stroke depression patients undergoing treatment with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS): an exploratory, ancillary analysis of a randomized, sham-controlled clinical trial.

Objective: Post-stroke depression (PSD) affects approximately 40% of stroke survivors, with cognitive deficits being frequently observed. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) has shown promise in improving cognitive performance in stroke patients. We explored the effects of tDCS on cognitive performance in PSD.

Serum folate levels, but not vitamin B12, are associated with slower progression in carotid intima-media thickness in a population exposed to mandatory folic acid fortification.

Background&aims: Folate and vitamin B12 are vitamins involved in one carbon metabolism. Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) is a non-invasive test and an early atherosclerosis marker. The relationship between these vitamins and cIMT is not well established.

Associations Between Polyphenol Intake, Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Metabolic Syndrome in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil).

Background: Fruit- and vegetable-rich diets may protect against metabolic syndrome (MetS), partly due to their high polyphenol content.

Objectives: This study examined the association between dietary polyphenol intake, MetS risk, and cardiometabolic factors in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil).

Methods: A total of 6387 participants (mean age 49.

Global voices on atrial fibrillation management: Brazil.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) and stroke are prevalent conditions worldwide, and the AF burden is expected to concentrate in low- and middle-income countries like Brazil. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence-funded Global Health Research Group on Atrial Fibrillation Management (GHRG-AF) had a Brazilian arm that addressed AF epidemiology and care in Brazil. GHRG-AF analyzed data from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil), a long-term cohort of 15,105 middle-aged adults in Brazil, focused on cardiovascular disease and diabetes.

Associations of comorbid headache disorders and depression with leisure-time physical activity among 14,088 adults in The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health.

Background: While headache disorders are linked to low physical activity levels, the impact of depression on this relationship is unclear.

Objective: To assess how single and comorbid diagnoses of migraine and tension-type headache (TTH) interact with depression and leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) levels in The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil).

Methods: In this cross-sectional analysis based on the ELSA-Brasil baseline data, the relationship of migraine, TTH (both assessed with the International Classification of Headache Disorders, Second Edition), and depression (assessed with the Clinical Interview Schedule-Revised) with LTPA levels (International Physical Activity Questionnaire) was investigated by employing linear regression models.

Prospective association between the Cardiovascular Health Diet Index and subclinical atherosclerosis: the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) cohort study.

The Cardiovascular Health Diet Index (CHDI) is a diet quality score based on the dietary guidelines of the American Heart Association for cardiovascular health but with some adaptations, such as red meat, dairy products, beans and ultra-processed foods in its components. The CHDI has shown good relative validity parameters; however, its association with health outcomes is still unclear. Thus, our aim was to investigate the association between the CHDI score with subclinical atherosclerosis.

Negative life events and depression by gender in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brazil).

Objective: Gender differences may interfere with the association between Negative Life Events (NLEs) and prevalent/incident depression. This study evaluated the effect of gender in this association using data from the ELSA-Brazil cohort.

Methods: The authors analyzed 15,088 participants (mean age, 52.