Sleep Disturbances, Fatigue and Immune Markers in the Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Inflammatory Bowel Disease, a Systematic Review.

Background: The irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are gastrointestinal (GI) diseases characterized by abdominal pain and altered bowel patterns. Fatigue and sleep disturbances are prevalent in these GI diseases, with a bidirectional relationship suggested between GI symptoms and sleep quality. If poor sleep results in increased GI symptoms, improving sleep quality may alleviate symptoms.

Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind 8-Week Trial on the Efficacy of A Proprietary Kiwifruit Extract on Constipation-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome.

Background: Green kiwifruit ( ) extract improves constipation. This study aimed to determine its efficacy in patients with constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-C).

Methods: A randomized, multicenter, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in 186 IBS-C patients (Rome III criteria).

Altered peripheral CRY1 gene expression may contribute to both organic and functional gastrointestinal disease.

Gastrointestinal conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are characterized by alterations in physiological and immune functions. Given the circadian clock influences gastrointestinal physiology and immunity, we hypothesized that the peripheral circadian clock is altered in these patients and might contribute to immune activation associated with IBD and IBS. To investigate this, RNA was extracted from whole blood obtained from control subjects (n = 29), IBD (n = 40 ulcerative colitis, n = 38 Crohn's disease) and IBS (n = 38) participants to investigate peripheral clock gene expression via quantitative PCR.

Duodenal Villi Eosinophils: Association with Functional Dyspepsia Symptoms, but Not with Helicobacter pylori Infection.

Purpose: Duodenal eosinophils have been associated with functional dyspepsia, but its association with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) remains unclear. Our aim was to investigate the connection between eosinophils in duodenal villi and dyspeptic symptoms, as well as its association with H.

Why are disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI) often food-related? Duodenal eosinophils and mast cells, small intestinal bacteria, food allergy and altered food intake in functional dyspepsia and the irritable bowel syndrome: a new paradigm.

The underlying causes of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and functional dyspepsia (FD) have remained largely elusive, but emerging data suggest immune activation and loss of small intestinal homeostasis may explain a major subgroup. FD and IBS symptoms often overlap and may occur early in the post-prandial period, suggesting the origin of symptoms may be much higher in gastrointestinal tract than colon. There is strong evidence low-grade duodenal inflammation, comprising eosinophils and/or mast cells associated with increased permeability, is present at least in a major subset with FD and IBS.

Microbial-derived peptidases are altered in celiac disease, non-celiac gluten sensitivity, and functional dyspepsia: a systematic review and re-analysis of the duodenal microbiome.

Dietary gluten triggers symptoms in patients with gluten-related disorders (GRDs) including celiac disease (CeD), non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS), and subsets of patients with functional dyspepsia (FD). The gastrointestinal microbiota is altered in these patients when compared to healthy individuals. As the microbiota is crucial for the hydrolysis of gluten, we hypothesized that the capacity of the microbiota to digest gluten is reduced in these conditions.

Preoperative Antibiotics and Mechanical Bowel Preparation Impact the Colonic Mucosa-Associated Microbiota but Not Anastomotic Leak Rate After Colorectal Resection.

Background: Alterations in the GI microbiome have been associated with increased anastomotic leak risk. Oral antibiotics and bowel preparations may both reduce anastomotic leak rates.

Objective: In patients undergoing colorectal surgery, we aimed to examine the impact of oral antibiotic use, bowel preparation, and other perioperative factors on the mucosa-associated microbiota and investigate the association with anastomotic leak rates.

Colonic Diverticulosis and Uncomplicated Diverticulitis Are Associated With a Lower Not Higher Risk of Mortality When Confounding Factors Are Held Constant.

Background And Aim: The association between colonic diverticulosis, diverticulitis, and mortality is controversial. This study evaluated the association between diverticular disease and mortality over a prolonged period in a GP cohort.

Methods: GP records were sourced from the United Kingdom medical database (THIN).

Itopride in functional dyspepsia: open-label, 1-year treatment follow-up of two multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials.

Background: Functional dyspepsia (FD) is common but few efficacious therapies exist. Itopride, a prokinetic, acts via dopamine D2 receptor antagonism and acetylcholinesterase inhibition, and is now approved in Japan, Mexico, and Europe for FD. However, long-term efficacy and safety data have not been published.

Uncomplicated Diverticulosis Is Not Associated With Abdominal Pain or Abnormal Bowel Habit-A Population-Based Swedish Cohort Study.

Background: Whether uncomplicated diverticulosis gives rise to symptoms is controversial. Diary-based studies of abdominal pain and stool habits in general populations are scarce, and we therefore investigated symptom patterns in diverticulosis from prospectively collected symptom diaries in a random sample of the general population who completed a research colonoscopy.

Methods: In the Swedish population-based colonoscopy (PopCol) study, 745 individuals from the general population underwent a colonoscopy of which 130 had diverticulosis, and none had diverticulitis.

Functional dyspepsia and gastroparesis: are they distinct disorders, a spectrum of diseases or one disease?

Functional dyspepsia (FD) and gastroparesis (GP) are clinically managed as distinct upper gastrointestinal conditions but present with symptoms that are often indistinguishable. FD is a common disorder of gut-brain interaction that negatively impacts quality of life, while GP is considered a rare disease exclusively defined by delayed gastric emptying and symptoms. The degree of overlap between these disorders makes them hard to differentiate in clinical practice, thereby impacting treatment decisions.

Oral Microbiome Dysbiosis Is Associated With Precancerous Lesions and Disorders of Upper Gastrointestinal Tract: A Population-Based Study.

Introduction: Oral microbiota may contribute to the development of upper gastrointestinal (UGI) disorders. In this study, we evaluated the association between microbiota of saliva, subgingival, and buccal mucosa and UGI disorders, particularly precancerous lesions. We also aimed to identify which oral site have the greatest potential as biomarkers for the development of UGI cancers.

Characterisation of the Plasma and Faecal Metabolomes in Participants with Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders.

There is evidence of perturbed microbial and host processes in the gastrointestinal tract of individuals with functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) compared to healthy controls. The faecal metabolome provides insight into the metabolic processes localised to the intestinal tract, while the plasma metabolome highlights the overall perturbances of host and/or microbial responses. This study profiled the faecal ( = 221) and plasma ( = 206) metabolomes of individuals with functional constipation (FC), constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-C), functional diarrhoea (FD), diarrhoea-predominant IBS (IBS-D) and healthy controls (identified using the Rome Criteria IV) using multimodal LC-MS technologies.

Impact of frailty, malnutrition and socioeconomic status on perioperative outcomes.

Background: Frailty, malnutrition and low socioeconomic status may mutually perpetuate each other in a self-reinforcing and interdependent manner. The intertwined nature of these factors may be overlooked when investigating impacts on perioperative outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the impact of frailty, malnutrition and socioeconomic status on perioperative outcomes.

Post-colonoscopy upper gastrointestinal malignancies in positive immunochemical fecal occult blood test patients: An Australian data linkage study.

Background And Aim: In immunochemical fecal occult blood test (iFOBT) positive subjects, colonoscopy screening can detect colorectal cancers and advanced adenomas, yet most iFOBT-positive subjects find no relevant lower gastrointestinal lesions. Limited data are available on upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancer risk in iFOBT-positive patients. This study investigated the incidence of UGI malignancies diagnosed within 3 years post-colonoscopy after a positive iFOBT.

In patients receiving invasive ventilation, PPIs reduce upper GI bleeding but did not affect mortality at 90 d.

Cook D, Deane A, Lauzier F, et al; REVISE Investigators. N Engl J Med. 2024;391:9-20.

Meta-analysis: Risk of lymphoma in patients with inflammatory bowel disease in population-based cohort studies.

Background: There are inconsistencies in the results of the studies investigating the association between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and lymphoma.

Aims: The aim of this study is to systematically appraise the risk of lymphoma development in patients with IBD.

Methods: We searched Embase, PubMed and Scopus from inception to 30 April 2024 to identify population-based cohort studies that evaluated the risk of lymphoma in patients with IBD in comparison with those without IBD.

RECOMED: A comprehensive pharmaceutical recommendation system.

Objectives: To build datasets containing useful information from drug databases and recommend a list of drugs to physicians and patients with high accuracy by considering a wide range of features of people, diseases, and chemicals.

Methods: A comprehensive pharmaceutical recommendation system was designed based on the features of people, diseases, and medicines extracted from two major drug databases and the created datasets of patients and drug information. Then, the recommendation was given based on recommender system algorithms using patient and caregiver ratings and the knowledge obtained from drug specifications and interactions.