'What have I just eaten?' A qualitative exploration of awareness and use of ultra-processed food products during pregnancy and the post-partum period in line with the COM-B behaviour model.

Consumption of convenience/ultra-processed foods (UPFs) has been associated with a lower diet quality. However, it is unclear whether consumers are aware of what is classified as UPFs. Additionally, higher maternal diet quality is associated lower risk of adverse pregnancy and infant outcomes.

Why are disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBI) often food-related? Duodenal eosinophils and mast cells, small intestinal bacteria, food allergy and altered food intake in functional dyspepsia and the irritable bowel syndrome: a new paradigm.

The underlying causes of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and functional dyspepsia (FD) have remained largely elusive, but emerging data suggest immune activation and loss of small intestinal homeostasis may explain a major subgroup. FD and IBS symptoms often overlap and may occur early in the post-prandial period, suggesting the origin of symptoms may be much higher in gastrointestinal tract than colon. There is strong evidence low-grade duodenal inflammation, comprising eosinophils and/or mast cells associated with increased permeability, is present at least in a major subset with FD and IBS.

Dietary assessment using a novel image-voice-based system indicates nutrient inadequacies in Cambodian women's dietary intake.

Women and children are priority populations in Cambodia, however no dietary intake information exists on breastfeeding women for informing nutritional intervention. The aim was to assess nutritional adequacy of dietary intakes of Cambodian women, by breastfeeding status and locality. A cross-sectional assessment of dietary intake was conducted with non-pregnant women ≥18 years of age with at least one child under 5 years in rural, semi-rural and urban locations in Siem Reap province, Cambodia.

Engaging Parents With Child Nutrition and Feeding Information on Facebook: A Retrospective Content Analysis.

Online social media platforms are potentially useful for disseminating public health interventions, especially to parents who seek child nutrition information online. To optimize social media interventions, health professionals need to understand how to reach and engage the target audience. The PICNIC peer-education nutrition program uses social media to teach parents about feeding practices which influence children's eating behaviors.

Microbial-derived peptidases are altered in celiac disease, non-celiac gluten sensitivity, and functional dyspepsia: a systematic review and re-analysis of the duodenal microbiome.

Dietary gluten triggers symptoms in patients with gluten-related disorders (GRDs) including celiac disease (CeD), non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS), and subsets of patients with functional dyspepsia (FD). The gastrointestinal microbiota is altered in these patients when compared to healthy individuals. As the microbiota is crucial for the hydrolysis of gluten, we hypothesized that the capacity of the microbiota to digest gluten is reduced in these conditions.

Energy and protein intake threshold modelling using nutrition dashboard technology and sensitivity of hospital malnutrition identification.

Aims: Hospital food provision/intake dashboards may improve malnutrition screening. The aim of this study was to use Nutrition Dashboard data to determine the optimal threshold for screening for malnutrition risk, and compare the accuracy of this method with estimated dietary requirements.

Methods: Observational data were extracted from medical files and food service records of 267 patients for a 4-month period in a 99-bed hospital.

Functional dyspepsia and gastroparesis: are they distinct disorders, a spectrum of diseases or one disease?

Functional dyspepsia (FD) and gastroparesis (GP) are clinically managed as distinct upper gastrointestinal conditions but present with symptoms that are often indistinguishable. FD is a common disorder of gut-brain interaction that negatively impacts quality of life, while GP is considered a rare disease exclusively defined by delayed gastric emptying and symptoms. The degree of overlap between these disorders makes them hard to differentiate in clinical practice, thereby impacting treatment decisions.

Interventional factors influencing natural killer cell immunity in colorectal cancer: a systematic review.

Background And Aim: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer globally. Despite advances in curative CRC surgery, metastatic disease remains a significant problem. Emerging evidence suggests that several commonly used perioperative interventions may influence cancer immunity through natural killer (NK) cell function or numbers.

Perceptions of rural Australian adults with chronic kidney disease stages 3 and 4 about the role of dietary intervention in their health and access to dietetic care.

Background: Dietary modification is an important component of chronic kidney disease (CKD) management. The aim of this study was to explore the perceptions of people with earlier-stage CKD living in rural Australia about the role of dietary intervention in their health and access to dietetic care.

Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 people with stage 3-4 CKD living in a rural Australian health district.

People Living With Mental Illness Perceptions of Physical Health, Mental Health and Well-Being.

Understanding the perspectives of regional people living with mental illness is crucial to adapting services, improving holistic care and meeting individual needs. This study explored people living with mental illness perceptions of physical health, mental health and well-being. A descriptive qualitative study design underpinned by empowerment theory was conducted.

Antibiotics, passive smoking, high socioeconomic status and sweetened foods contribute to the risk of paediatric inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review with meta-analysis.

Objective: Genetic and environmental factors influence pathogenesis and rising incidence of paediatric inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD). The aim was to meta-analyse evidence of diet and environmental factors in PIBD.

Methods: A systematic search was conducted to identify diet and environmental factors with comparable risk outcome measures and had been reported in two or more PIBD studies for inclusion in meta-analyses.

A systematic review of the mechanisms influencing engagement in diabetes prevention programmes for people with pre-diabetes.

Aims: To identify barriers and enablers that influence engagement in and acceptability of diabetes prevention programmes for people with pre-diabetes. The results will provide insights for developing strategies and recommendations to improve design and delivery of diabetes prevention programmes with enhanced engagement and acceptability for people with pre-diabetes.

Methods: This review used a critical realist approach to examine context and mechanisms of diabetes prevention programmes.

Diet-microbiota associations in gastrointestinal research: a systematic review.

Interactions between diet and gastrointestinal microbiota influence health status and outcomes. Evaluating these relationships requires accurate quantification of dietary variables relevant to microbial metabolism, however current dietary assessment methods focus on dietary components relevant to human digestion only. The aim of this study was to synthesize research on foods and nutrients that influence human gut microbiota and thereby identify knowledge gaps to inform dietary assessment advancements toward better understanding of diet-microbiota interactions.

An online qualitative study exploring wants and needs for a cooking programme during pregnancy in the UK and Ireland.

Background: Optimal maternal nutrition is associated with better pregnancy and infant outcomes. Culinary nutrition programmes have potential to improve diet quality during pregnancy. Therefore, this research aimed to understand the experiences of cooking and the wants and needs of pregnant women regarding a cooking and food skills programme in the United Kingdom (UK) and Republic of Ireland (ROI).

What impact has the Centre of Research Excellence in Digestive Health made in the field of gastrointestinal health in Australia and internationally? Study protocol for impact evaluation using the FAIT framework.

Introduction: The need for public research funding to be more accountable and demonstrate impact beyond typical academic outputs is increasing. This is particularly challenging and the science behind this form of research is in its infancy when applied to collaborative research funding such as that provided by the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council to the Centre for Research Excellence in Digestive Health (CRE-DH).

Methods And Analysis: In this paper, we describe the protocol for applying the Framework to Assess the Impact from Translational health research to the CRE-DH.

Dairy and gluten in disease activity in multiple sclerosis.

Background: Many diets promoted specifically for multiple sclerosis have been suggested to improve disease activity. Dairy and gluten are two components for which the recommendations vary between these diets. Existing research into the association between these dietary components and disease activity has been conflicting.

Beyond Eosinophilic Esophagitis: Eosinophils in Gastrointestinal Disease-New Insights, "New" Diseases.

Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a highly prevalent disorder. Upper endoscopy is normal, and according to the Rome IV criteria, there is no established pathology. Data accumulated over the last 15 years has challenged the notion FD is free of relevant pathology, and in particular, increased duodenal eosinophils have been observed.

The Impact of Dietary Interventions on the Microbiota in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review.

Background And Aims: Diet plays an integral role in the modulation of the intestinal environment, with the potential to be modified for management of individuals with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. It has been hypothesised that poor 'Western-style' dietary patterns select for a microbiota that drives IBD inflammation and, that through dietary intervention, a healthy microbiota may be restored. This study aimed to systematically review the literature and assess current available evidence regarding the influence of diet on the intestinal microbiota composition in IBD patients, and how this may affect disease activity.

Exploring Psychological Constructs in People Receiving Treatment for Addictive Eating Behaviours: "I Hate Loving Food as Much as I Do".

Research into the complexities of addictive eating behaviours continues to develop, as a deeper understanding of this construct beyond self-report diagnostic tools emerges. In this study, we undertook structured interviews with 40 participants engaged in a personality-based management program for addictive eating, to gain insight into what situations lead people with addictive eating behaviours to overeat, and how they believe their lives would be different if they had control over their eating. A phenomenological analysis to explore compulsion and control in the context of food experiences for participants was used to construct two main themes of the addictive eating paradox and striving to transition from 'other' to 'normal'.

TRAV26-2 T-Cell Receptor Expression Is Associated With Mucosal Lymphocyte Response to Wheat Proteins in Patients With Functional Dyspepsia.

Introduction: An association between functional dyspepsia (FD) and wheat-containing foods has been reported in observational studies; however, an adaptive response has not been demonstrated. We examined whether antigens present in wheat could provoke a response from FD duodenal lymphocytes.

Methods: Lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMCs) were isolated from duodenal biopsies from 50 patients with FD and 23 controls.

Sustaining an Aboriginal wellbeing program: Informing health promotion practice and policy.

Issue Addressed: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples' holistic concepts of wellbeing are inadequately represented in the health promotion discourse. The aim of this article was to explore what sustains an Aboriginal wellbeing program, to inform critical reflection and reorientation to empower Aboriginal wellbeing approaches in health promotion practice and policy.

Methods: Aboriginal and non-Indigenous researchers collaboratively designed a critically framed, strengths-based research approach with Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Service staff and wellbeing program participants.

What are health professionals' perceptions of conducting routine growth assessments and lifestyle interventions? A qualitative study involving allied health professionals, nurses and doctors in rural and regional New South Wales.

Background: Allied health professionals, nurses and doctors within the New South Wales (NSW) public health system provide trusted health information to a large proportion of families across the state. This means they are well positioned to opportunistically assess and discuss child weight status with families. Prior to 2016, weight status was not routinely addressed in most NSW public health settings, however recent policy changes promote quarterly growth assessments for all children aged under 16years who attend these facilities.

Irritable bowel syndrome - controversies in diagnosis and management.

Introduction: The irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the best-recognized disorder of gut brain interactions (DGBI). However, it is controversial if the Rome IV criteria iteration for IBS diagnosis is fit for purpose.

Areas Covered: This review critically evaluates Rome IV criteria for diagnosis of IBS and addresses clinical considerations in IBS treatment and management, including dietary factors, biomarkers, disease mimics, symptom severity, and subtypes.

A critical realist exploration of factors influencing engagement in diabetes prevention programs in rural settings.

Background: Diabetes prevention programs are intended to reduce progression to type 2 diabetes, but are underutilised. This study aimed to explore people with prediabetes' knowledge and attitudes about prediabetes, and their perceptions about engagement in preventive programs in a rural setting. The findings will inform strategies and recommendations to increase preventive health program engagement.

Aboriginal people's perceptions of patient-reported outcome measures in the assessment of diabetes health-related quality of life.

Background: Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) provide clinicians and consumers a platform to inform and improve healthcare planning and management. Aboriginal people experience disproportionately high rates of chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes. Treatment and management require holistic approaches that draw on culturally relevant resources and assessment tools.