Immunosuppressive effects of triptolide via interleukin-2/receptor signaling.

Background: Triptolide (TP) has been confirmed to possess many beneficial functions including anti-inflammation and immunosuppression.

Objective: The present study aimed to explore the potential involvement of IL-2/IL-2R pathway in the immunosuppressive activities of TP.

Methods: Cultured CTLL-2 cells were utilized to evaluate the potential benefits of TP.

Protective effects of Clematichinenoside AR against inflammation and cytotoxicity induced by human tumor necrosis factor-α.

Clematichinenoside AR (AR), a major active ingredient extracted from traditional Chinese herb Clematis chinensis Osbeck, has been demonstrated to possess anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory activities in the treatment of experimental rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The therapeutic potential of AR was supposed to be closely correlated to its ability against tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Therefore, we aimed to explore the protective effects of Clematichinenoside AR against inflammation and cytotoxicity induced by human TNF-α.

Levo-Corydalmine Alleviates Neuropathic Cancer Pain Induced by Tumor Compression via the CCL2/CCR2 Pathway.

: Tumor compression-induced pain (TCIP) is a complex pathological cancer pain. Spinal glial cells play a critical role in maintenance of cancer pain by releasing proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. In this study, we verified the role of -corydalmine (-CDL) on TCIP.

Clematichinenoside (AR) Attenuates Hypoxia/Reoxygenation-Induced H9c2 Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis via a Mitochondria-Mediated Signaling Pathway.

Mitochondria-mediated cardiomyocyte apoptosis is involved in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury. Clematichinenoside (AR) is a triterpenoid saponin isolated from the roots of Clematis chinensis with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory cardioprotection effects against MI/R injury, yet the anti-apoptotic effect and underlying mechanisms of AR in MI/R injury remain unclear. We hypothesize that AR may improve mitochondrial function to inhibit MI/R-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis.

Clematichinenoside protects blood brain barrier against ischemic stroke superimposed on systemic inflammatory challenges through up-regulating A20.

Suppression of excessive inflammation can ameliorate blood brain barrier (BBB) injury, which shows therapeutic potential for clinical treatment of brain injury induced by stroke superimposed on systemic inflammatory diseases. In this study, we investigated whether and how clematichinenoside (AR), an anti-inflammatory triterpene saponin, protects brain injury from stroke superimposed on systemic inflammation. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was intraperitoneally injected immediately after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats.

The neuroprotective effect of a novel agent N2 on rat cerebral ischemia associated with the activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

Ischemic stroke is the third leading cause of death and the main reason for severe disabilities in the world today. N2, 4 - (2 - (1H - imidazol - 1 - yl) ethoxy) - 3 - methoxybenzoic acid is considered as a novel potent agent for cerebral ischemia due to its effect in preventing neuronal cell death after ischemic stroke. In the present study, we investigated the post-ischemic neuroprotective effect of N2 and its underlying mechanisms.

Anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory properties of a potent histamine H1 receptor antagonist, desloratadine citrate disodium injection, and its anti-inflammatory mechanism on EA.hy926 endothelial cells.

The present study, demonstrates that, desloratadine citrate disodium injection (DLC) possesses antihistaminic, anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory properties and elucidates its molecular mechanisms of anti-inflammatory properties. In vitro antihistamine activity of DLC was determined in guinea pig isolated tissues. In vivo antihistamine effects were evaluated after following intravenous administration of DLC in mice with histamine- induced paw edema and in rats with increased capillary permeability.

The molecular insight into the antihyperuricemic and renoprotective effect of Shuang Qi gout capsule in mice.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Shuang-Qi gout capsule, a traditional Chinese medicine prescription, has been used in the treatment of, gout arthritis, arthralgia and inflammation. Since renal urate overload associated with severe disability including gout, elimination of excess renal uric acid is highly essential. Therefore, in this study we evaluated the antihyperuricemic and the renoprotective effect of the Shuang Qi gout capsule (SQ) with elucidation of its mechanism.

Attenuated Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction by XQ-1H Following Ischemic Stroke in Hyperlipidemic Rats.

Following ischemic stroke, blood-brain barrier (BBB) is disrupted and is further aggravated with the corresponding incidence of hyperlipidemia. BBB breakdown promotes inflammation infiltration into the brain, which exacerbates cerebral ischemic injury as a result. Here, we report that 10-O-(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl)-ginkgolide B methanesulfonate (XQ-1H), a novel analog of ginkgolide B, alleviates BBB breakdown in hyperlipidemic rats and protects endothelial cells against inflammatory response.

Clematichinenoside AR induces immunosuppression involving Treg cells in Peyer׳s patches of rats with adjuvant induced arthritis.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Clematichinenoside AR (AR) has been defined as a major active ingredient of triterpenoid saponins extracted from Clematidis Radix et Rhizoma, which is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine that has long been used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). To further explore the mechanism of AR in the treatment of RA, we investigated whether its immunomodulatory effects are related to Treg-mediated suppression derived from Peyer׳s patches (PPs) in adjuvant induced arthritis (AIA) rat model.

Materials And Methods: AR (8, 16, 32 mg/kg) was orally administered daily from Day 18 to Day 31 after immunization.

The inhibitory and combinative mechanism of HZ08 with P-glycoprotein expressed on the membrane of Caco-2 cell line.

Recently, the research and development of agents to reverse the phenomenon of multidrug resistance has been an attractive goal as well as a key approach to elevating the clinical survival of cancer patients. Although three generations of P-glycoprotein modulators have been identified, poor clearance and metabolism render these agents too toxic to be used in clinical application. HZ08, which has been under investigation for several years, shows a dramatic reversal effect with low cytotoxicity.

Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of Chinese medicine SQ gout capsules and its modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines focusing on gout arthritis.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Shuang-Qi gout capsule is a traditional Chinese medicine prescription, which has been used in the treatment of joint pain, inflammation and gout arthritis. This study evaluates anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of Shuang-Qi gout capsule and its modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines with special reference to gout arthritis.

Materials And Methods: Anti-inflammatory effect of Shuang-Qi gout capsule was investigated bymice tail-flick response, acetic acid induced writhing response, Xylene-induced auricle inflammation and the hind paw volume of the monosodium urate (MSU) crystal induced rats with different time durations.