Chromium deposition enhances the tolerance of Chlorella vulgaris to microplastics.

Microplastics (MPs) and heavy metals (HMs), well-known environmental pollutants, have attracted widespread attention owing to their increasing threats. However, the interactions of MPs and chromium (Cr) at the microscale remain poorly understood, and the effects of environmental transformation on their toxicity remain controversial. The influences of light irradiation on their conversion were investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).

Ultra-Sensitive Multi-Gas Detection (CS/SO/HS/OCS) Using Spectral Reconstruction Combined with Differential Temperature Conversion.

This study presents a detection system for the simultaneous quantification of SF decomposition products (CS, SO, HS, and OCS) at ppb/ppm-level precision. To address the challenges of overlapping UV absorption spectra between CS and SO, as well as the weak absorption characteristics of HS and OCS, the system combines ultraviolet differential optical absorption spectroscopy (UV-DOAS) with thermal conversion. At room temperature, spectral reconstruction effectively addresses the overlapping spectral features of CS and SO in the 194-225 nm range, enabling accurate concentration inversion.

Immunotherapy biomarkers in brain metastases: insights into tumor microenvironment dynamics.

Brain metastases (BM), represent the most common intracranial malignancies in adults and remain a major clinical challenge due to their poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options. Although immunotherapy has emerged and offers a promising strategy, its efficacy in BM is often compromised by the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and limited immune cell infiltration. This review highlights the critical role of cytokines and growth factors as key modulators of immune dynamics in the TME, exploring their utility as predictive and prognostic biomarkers for immune response.

Vasoactive intestinal peptide reduces ocular hypertension by regulating tight junction of trabecular meshwork through Rab13/PKA signalling complex.

Background: Schlemm's canal and trabecular meshwork (TM) are conventional outflow pathway of aqueous humour, which play an important role in maintaining intraocular pressure (IOP) homeostasis. Our previous research has implied that vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) reduces high IOP by regulating the distribution of F-actin in the endothelial cells of Schlemm's canal. In this study, we investigated the mechanism by which VIP affects tight junction (TJ) of TM.

Ophthalmic Changes in the Offspring of Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus or Diabetes Mellitus - A Systematic Review.

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affects 5.8% to 25.1% of pregnant women and is associated with a range of adverse perinatal outcomes, including intrauterine growth restriction, prematurity, neonatal respiratory distress, and adiposity.

Surface Plasmon Resonance Guided Identification of Quinolone Alkaloids from the Fruits of as FSP1 Inhibitors.

Ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1), a key regulator of ferroptosis that functions independently of glutathione, has become a vital therapeutic target in ferroptosis research. However, the discovery of FSP1 inhibitors remains a significant challenge, particularly given the absence of natural FSP1 inhibitors. In this study, surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-guided fractionation of the fruit extract of (FTR) led to the isolation of 12 quinolone alkaloids, including ten known compounds (-) and two new ones ( and ).

Application of a machine learning-based food risk framework to assess the public dietary risk of cadmium in China.

The daunting challenges of heavy metal pollution and soil acidification seriously threaten human health and the development of sustainable agriculture worldwide. However, effective approaches for identifying and controlling public health risks in a large geographic space are urgently needed. Here, we propose a proof-of-concept machine learning-based food risk (MFR) framework and accurately recognize that soil pH is the key driver affecting cadmium accumulation in wheat and rice at the national scale.

Absorption cross-section measurements of elevated temperature S in the 245-320 nm region based on UV-DOAS with thermal conversion.

Due to the harsh environment in which S exists, its spectral properties have rarely been investigated. This paper proposes a measurement method for determining the absorption cross-section (ACS) of S at high temperatures. A high-temperature measurement device was designed based on the thermodynamic properties of S, and the absorption spectra of S were measured at high temperature (1000-1150 K) under atmospheric pressure.

A Closed Optical Path Trace HS Sensing System Based on Vacuum Ultraviolet Differential Absorption Spectroscopy Combined with Reconstructed Domain Point Cloud Segmentation.

Accurate detection of trace hydrogen sulfide (HS) plays an indispensable role in the fields of industrial emission reduction and power troubleshooting. In view of the oscillatory absorption characteristics of HS in the 185-210 nm band, ultraviolet differential optical absorption spectroscopy (UV-DOAS) has been recognized as a promising technique for measuring HS concentrations. However, spectral overlap caused by the presence of oxygen (O) in the open optical path and in the mixture, along with the irregular absorption characteristics of HS, makes it challenging to assess trace HS concentrations using the vacuum ultraviolet band.

Validation of free light chain reference intervals and their association with age and eGFR.

Objectives: To establish reference intervals (RIs) for serum free κ and λ light chains and the κ/λ ratio (FLCR) in healthy adults in China, and to evaluate the influence of age and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) METHODS: A total of 549 healthy adults with eGFR > 90 mL/min/1.73 m were enrolled. FLCs were measured using nephelometric assays (Goldsite Diagnostics).

MOST: Motion Diffusion Model for Rare Text via Temporal Clip Banzhaf Interaction.

We introduce MOST, a novel MOtion diffuSion model via Temporal clip Banzhaf interaction, aimed at addressing the persistent challenge of generating human motion from rare language prompts. While previous approaches struggle with coarse-grained matching and overlook important semantic cues due to motion redundancy, our key insight lies in leveraging fine-grained clip relationships to mitigate these issues. MOST's retrieval stage presents the first formulation of its kind - temporal clip Banzhaf interaction - which precisely quantifies textual-motion coherence at the clip level.

Bioassay-guided isolation of hepatoprotective lignans from : DeepSAT-driven structural elucidation and predictive mechanistic insights against drug-induced liver injury.

Three new dibenzylbutane lignans, vernolignans A-C (1-3), along with three known compounds (4-6), were isolated from through a bioactivity-guided isolation process. The planar structures of the new compounds (1-3) were elucidated through comprehensive analysis of HR-ESI-MS and 1D/2D NMR data, with the assistance of AI-based structure annotation tool DeepSAT. The absolute configurations of 1-3 were determined by comparing the experimental and calculated ECD spectra.

High genetic diversity of HIV-1 pol region and molecular transmission networks among people living with HIV-1 in Haikou, South China, 2005-2022.

Background: Hainan is experiencing a continuous increase in newly diagnosed HIV-1 infections, highlighting the need for a comprehensive understanding of local transmission dynamics. This study aims to elucidate the genetic diversity and potential HIV-1 molecular transmission networks among people living with HIV-1 in Hainan, China.

Methods: We used the HIV-TRACE to infer the transmission dynamics of HIV-1 at a 1.

Real-Time Detection of Trace Breath Isoprene Based on Circular Domain Spectral Reconstruction Filtering Combined with Convolutional Neural Network.

The detection of trace isoprene in breath provides a noninvasive method for lung cancer diagnosis. However, the presence of interfering components and the parts per billion (ppb) concentration levels of isoprene in breath complicate detection. In this study, we propose an optical sensor based on circular domain reconstruction filtering and convolutional neural network (CNN), enabling the real-time detection of breath isoprene using ultraviolet differential optical absorption spectroscopy (UV-DOAS) for the first time.

Intracellular-Extracellular Synergistic Biohybrid System Boosts Photosynthetic Carbon Fixation.

Biotic-abiotic hybrid systems offer a promising approach for converting CO into energy-rich organic matter and addressing rising CO levels. Prevailing research indicates that intracellular or extracellular biomineralization enhances photosynthesis and carbon fixation, with limited attention to the potential and mechanisms of intracellular-extracellular synergy. Here, we report that electroactive cyanobacteria (, ) construct an intracellular-extracellular synergistic biohybrid system by biomineralizing Zn(II) into intracellular Zn(II)-OM and extracellular ZnO-OM.

Interconversion and mechanisms between Lsm-type and Sm-type heteroheptameric rings: implications for spliceosome evolution and RNA metabolism.

Eukaryotes harbor both Sm-type and Lsm-type heteroheptameric rings, which are essential in RNA metabolism. Despite their similar subunits and evolutionary ties, they interact with RNA in distinct ways, functioning as scaffolds and chaperones, respectively. However, the mechanistic basis of their evolutionary divergence remains unclear.

Endocannabinoids disinhibit the ventral tegmental nucleus of Gudden to dorsal premammillary nucleus pathway to enhance escape behavior following learned threat experience.

Innate escape behaviors, while not requiring prior learning, are shaped by an animal's learned experiences, such as previous exposure. Here, we found that learned threat experience in mice enhances flight behaviors, which is linked to increased activation of cholecystokinin-expressing neurons in the dorsal premammillary nucleus (PMd neurons), a population that controls circa-strike escape responses. This heightened activity coincides with reduced inhibition from parvalbumin-expressing GABAergic neurons in the ventral tegmental nucleus of Gudden (VTg), which typically suppress PMd activity and escape behaviors.

Spatial Risks of Microplastics in Soils and the Cascading Effects Thereof.

Microplastic (MP) pollution has become a significant global concern in soil systems. The spatial risk of MPs in soils, the cascading effects of climate, human activities, and air quality, and the ecosystem gradients from natural habitats, agricultural lands, and urban soils remain largely unknown. We compile a comprehensive data set of more than 3000 site-year field observations across agricultural, natural, and urban soil ecosystems in China.

Optical Analysis System Based on Binary Differential Absorption Intensity Reconstruction Combined with Discretization Variability Analysis: Parallel Temperature and Concentration Detection of NH, NO Mixtures.

In industrial combustion, parallel measurements of ammonia (NH), nitric oxide (NO), and temperature are essential for analyzing and regulating the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) process. Although ultraviolet differential optical absorption spectroscopy (UV-DOAS) is regarded as an ideal measurement method, the simultaneous detection of NH, NO, and temperature has not been achieved due to the analytical complexities arising from spectral overlap. Therefore, an optical analysis system is proposed based on binary differential absorption intensity reconstruction combined with discretization variability analysis.

A unique mechanism of snRNP core assembly.

The assembly of most spliceosomal snRNP cores involves seven Sm proteins (D1/D2/F/E/G/D3/B) forming a ring around snRNA, typically requiring essential assembly chaperones like the SMN complex, associated with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Strikingly, in budding yeast, snRNP core assembly only involves Brr1, a nonessential homolog of Gemin2. Here, we reveal two distinct pathways in budding yeast: an inefficient chaperone-mediated pathway involving Brr1 and a novel factor, Lot5, and a direct pathway.

Optical Sensing System Based on Bidirectional Self-Correction Technology: An Online Detection Method for Carbon Disulfide and Sulfur Dioxide in Gas-Insulated Switchgear.

Carbon disulfide (CS) and sulfur dioxide (SO) are typical indicative gases for the early warning and diagnosis of faults in gas-insulated switchgear. In this study, an optical sensing system is reported for online detection of CS and SO based on a bidirectional self-correction technology (BSCT). First, the differential absorption signals of CS and SO in the wavelength range of 195-230 nm are obtained using the UV differential optical absorption spectroscopy (UV-DOAS) technique.

An optical sensor for ppb-level exhaled acetone detection based on UV-DOAS and spectral upscaling.

The method of detecting acetone levels in breath presents a promising approach for monitoring diabetes mellitus (DM). Consequently, the detection of acetone in exhaled breath is garnering significant attention. However, using ultraviolet differential optical absorption spectroscopy (UV-DOAS) for detection of the exhaled acetone has rarely been proposed due to the complex composition of exhaled gases and the baseline drift caused by the acetone absorption feature.

Comparative safety signals of dopamine agonists: psychiatric and cardiovascular risks derived from FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS) data.

Background: Dopamine receptor agonists (DAs) are widely used as first-line therapeutic agents for Parkinson's disease. However, comparative clinical trials assessing their safety profiles are limited. This study aims to compare adverse event (AE) data across various DAs to inform personalized treatment strategies.

Clinical Manifestations of Ocular Toxoplasmosis in Hubei, China: Case Series.

Objective: The clinical features, disease course and visual outcomes of toxoplasmosis are less commonly reported in China than in other countries. To reduce misdiagnosis and improve visual function, the clinical characteristics, management and visual outcomes of 13 cases of ocular toxoplasmosis (OT) were described.

Methods: This retrospective study included 14 eyes of 13 patients who were diagnosed with OT in Hubei, China.