Risk factors of early childhood caries among preschool children in Shanghai, China: a longitudinal study.

Introduction: Early childhood caries(ECC) has caused a growing public health burden worldwide, but there still remains a gap in the understanding of ECC in Shanghai, China. This study aims to investigate the current profile of ECC and related risk factors of new-onset caries among preschool children in Shanghai, China.

Materials And Methods: Children aged 3-5 were included in this two-year longitudinal study from Shanghai.

A Self-Sustainable, Ultrarobust and High-Power-Density Triboelectric Nanogenerator for In Situ Powering of Marine Internet of Things.

The sustainable operation of marine Internet of Things (IoT), as a critical enabler for marine resource utilization, is hindered by the lack of robust energy solutions capable of powering advanced functionalities in unpredictable oceanic environments. Here, a self-sustainable, highly reliable triboelectric nanogenerator system is presented that synergizes a non-contact architecture with dynamic charge supplementation and multiphase electrode design to overcome persistent limitations in durability, energy storage, and water wave adaptability. The system achieves a 3-fold enhancement in output charge with 97% performance retention over 20 million cycles-5.

Anisotropic phase stiffness in infinite-layer nickelates superconductors.

In unconventional superconductors such as cuprates and iron pnictides and chalcogenides, phase stiffness-a measure of the energy cost associated with superconducting phase variations-governs the formation of superconductivity. Here we demonstrate a vector current technique enabling in-situ angle-resolved transport measurements to reveal anisotropic phase stiffness in infinite-layer nickelate superconductors. Pronounced anisotropy of in-plane resistance manifests itself in both normal and superconducting transition states, indicating crystal symmetry breaking.

MXene and PAN-Based Carbon Fiber Enhanced Bimodal Triboelectric Sensor for Robotic Arm Perception and Control.

Endowing robots with human-like perception and thinking to match the growing intelligentization remains a challenge. Here, an MXene and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) based carbon fiber enhanced bimodal triboelectric sensor (MPBS) is proposed to integrate with a commercial robotic arm, establishing a novel paradigm for perception and control. The touchless and tactile perception performance are further improved by a functional layer doped with MXene nanosheets and electrodes composed of PAN-based carbon fibers.

Bio-inspired swarm of underwater robots: a review.

With the in-depth integration of research across multiple disciplines, such as biomimetics, robotics, and sensing technology, significant advancements have been made in swarm robotics technology, which has been applied in areas including drone swarms, mobile robot swarms, and underwater robot swarms. However, due to the limitations of underwater communication technologies, underwater robot swarms have lagged behind aerial and ground swarms in their development. This paper primarily explores the applications and advancements of swarm intelligence (SI) in multiple underwater robot swarms.

Investigation and analysis of female HPV infection and genotype distribution in Xuhui District, Shanghai.

Objective: In China, Cervical cancer is one of the common malignant tumors in females, and high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection is one of its main causative factors. However, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection rates may vary significantly among patients of different ages and HPV subtypes. This study aims to provide insights into developing cervical cancer screening strategies and selecting HPV vaccine antigen targets in the area.

Berberine inhibits the tarO gene to impact MRSA cell wall synthesis.

Hospital and community-acquired infections caused by Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) have emerged as a significant public health challenge, highlighting the urgent need for novel antibiotics. In response, the antibacterial properties of natural products derived from traditional plants are being investigated as potential treatments for multidrug resistance. This study demonstrates the potent antibacterialimoact of Berberine (BBR), a compound derived from traditional Chinese medicine, against the community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) strain USA300 LAC.

A self-powered soft triboelectric-electrohydrodynamic pump.

Soft pumps have the potential to transform industries including soft robotics, wearable devices, microfluidics and biomedical devices, but their efficiency and power supply limitations hinder prolonged operation. Here, we report a self-powered triboelectric-electrohydrodynamic pump, which combines a soft electrohydrodynamic pump driven by an electrostatic generator, specifically a triboelectric nanogenerator. The triboelectric nanogenerator collects ambient energy and converts it into high-voltage power source, allowing it to self-power an electrohydrodynamic pump and thus eliminating the need for external power supply.

Bio-Plausible Multimodal Learning with Emerging Neuromorphic Devices.

Multimodal machine learning, as a prospective advancement in artificial intelligence, endeavors to emulate the brain's multimodal learning abilities with the objective to enhance interactions with humans. However, this approach requires simultaneous processing of diverse types of data, leading to increased model complexity, longer training times, and higher energy consumption. Multimodal neuromorphic devices have the capability to preprocess spatio-temporal information from various physical signals into unified electrical signals with high information density, thereby enabling more biologically plausible multimodal learning with low complexity and high energy-efficiency.

β-arrestin1 protects intestinal tight junction through promoting mitofusin 2 transcription to drive parkin-dependent mitophagy in colitis.

Background: Intestinal barrier defect is an essential inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) pathogenesis. Mitochondrial dysfunction results in energy deficiency and oxidative stress, which contribute to the pathogenesis of IBD. β-arrestin1 (ARRB1) is a negative regulator that promotes G protein-coupled receptors desensitization, endocytosis, and degradation.

Visceral adipose tissue area predicts major adverse kidney events in patients with acute necrotizing pancreatitis.

Background: Given the previously reported harmful effects of abdominal fat burden on kidney function, we aim to investigate the relationship between major adverse kidney events within 30 days (MAKE30) and abdominal obesity in acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) patients and explore the underlying risk factors.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study of all patients admitted within 72 h after the first episode of ANP to a tertiary center between June 2015 and June 2019 was conducted. Automatic image analysis software was used to calculate the area of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and skeletal muscle from computed tomography scans at the umbilical level.

A rolling-mode triboelectric nanogenerator with multi-tunnel grating electrodes and opposite-charge-enhancement for wave energy harvesting.

In light of the crucial role of marine ecosystems and the escalating environmental conservation challenges, it is essential to conduct marine monitoring to help implement targeted environmental protection measures efficiently. Energy harvesting technologies, particularly triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), have great potential for prolonging the lifespan and enhancing the reliability of sensors in remote areas. However, the high internal resistance, low current, and friction-induced abrasion issues of TENGs limit their performance in practical applications.

High-Performance Coaxial Counter-Rotating Triboelectric Nanogenerator with Lift-Drag Hybrid Blades for Wind Energy Harvesting.

Wind energy holds potential for in-situ powering large-scale distributed wireless sensor nodes (WSNs) in the Internet of Things (IoT) era. To achieve high performance in wind energy harvesting, a coaxial counter-rotating triboelectric nanogenerator with lift-drag hybrid blades, termed CCR-TENG, has been proposed. The CCR-TENG, which can work in non-contact and soft-contact modes, realizes low-speed wind energy harvesting through a combination of counter-clockwise rotating lift-type blades and clockwise rotating drag-type blades.

A Flexible, Adaptive, and Self-Powered Triboelectric Vibration Sensor with Conductive Sponge-Silicone for Machinery Condition Monitoring.

Vibration sensors for continuous and reliable condition monitoring of mechanical equipment, especially detection points of curved surfaces, remain a great challenge and are highly desired. Herein, a highly flexible and adaptive triboelectric vibration sensor for high-fidelity and continuous monitoring of mechanical vibration conditions is proposed. The sensor is entirely composed of flexible materials.

Underwater Biomimetic Lateral Line Sensor Based on Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Dynamic Pressure Monitoring and Trajectory Perception.

Developing desirable sensors is crucial for underwater perceptions and operations. The perceiving organs of marine creatures have greatly evolved to react accurately and promptly underwater. Inspired by the fish lateral line, this study proposes a triboelectric dynamic pressure sensor for underwater perception.

Coaxial Flexible Fiber-Shaped Triboelectric Nanogenerator Assisted by Deep Learning for Self-Powered Vibration Monitoring.

Self-powered vibration sensor is highly desired for distributed and continuous monitoring requirements of Industry 4.0. Herein, a flexible fiber-shaped triboelectric nanogenerator (F-TENG) with a coaxial core-shell structure is proposed for the vibration monitoring.

Study on the prevalence and subtypes of human papillomavirus infection among women in the Xuhui District, Shanghai City, China.

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) can cause various gynecological diseases, create a long-term inflammatory immune microenvironment, and induce the occurrence of cervical tumors. However, the prevalence of HPV is species-specific in different eras or in different countries and regions. This paper aimed to investigate the characteristics of HPV infection in the Xuhui District, Shanghai City, China.

In-depth understanding of boosting salinity gradient power generation by ionic diode.

Ionic diodes constructed with asymmetric channel geometry and/or charge layout have shown outstanding performance in ion transport manipulation and reverse electrodialysis (RED) energy collection, but the working mechanism is still indistinct. Herein, we systematically investigated RED energy conversion of straight nanochannel-based bipolar ionic diode by coupling the Poisson-Nernst-Planck and Navier-Strokes equations. The effects of nanochannel structure, charging polarity, and symmetricity as well as properties of working fluids on the output voltage and output power were investigated.

A Novel Thermal Tactile Sensor Based on Micro Thermoelectric Generator for Underwater Flow Direction Perception.

Underwater vehicles can operate independently in the exploitation of marine resources. However, water flow disturbance is one of the challenges underwater vehicles must face. The underwater flow direction sensing method is a feasible way to overcome the challenges but faces difficulties such as integrating the existing sensors with underwater vehicles and high-cost maintenance fees.

Reconfigurable Neuromorphic Computing: Materials, Devices, and Integration.

Neuromorphic computing has been attracting ever-increasing attention due to superior energy efficiency, with great promise to promote the next wave of artificial general intelligence in the post-Moore era. Current approaches are, however, broadly designed for stationary and unitary assignments, thus encountering reluctant interconnections, power consumption, and data-intensive computing in that domain. Reconfigurable neuromorphic computing, an on-demand paradigm inspired by the inherent programmability of brain, can maximally reallocate finite resources to perform the proliferation of reproducibly brain-inspired functions, highlighting a disruptive framework for bridging the gap between different primitives.

Research on an Optimized Quarter-Wavelength Resonator-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Efficient Low-Frequency Acoustic Energy Harvesting.

Sound wave is an extensively existing mechanical wave, especially in marine and industrial plants where low-frequency acoustic waves are ubiquitous. The effective collection and utilization of sound waves provide a fresh new approach to supply power for the distributed nodes of the rapidly developing Internet of Things technology. In this paper, a novel acoustic triboelectric nanogenerator (QWR-TENG) was proposed for efficient low-frequency acoustic energy harvesting.

Association between pretreatment lymphocyte count and efficacy of immune-enhancing therapy in acute necrotising pancreatitis: a post-hoc analysis of the multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled TRACE trial.

Background: Immune-enhancing thymosin alpha 1 (Tα1) therapy may reduce infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN) in acute necrotising pancreatitis (ANP). However, the efficacy might be impacted by lymphocyte count due to the pharmacological action of Tα1. In this analysis, we tested the hypothesis that pre-treatment absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) determines whether patients with ANP benefit from Tα1 therapy.

Deep-Learning-Assisted Underwater 3D Tactile Tensegrity.

The growth of underwater robotic applications in ocean exploration and research has created an urgent need for effective tactile sensing. Here, we propose an underwater 3-dimensional tactile tensegrity (U3DTT) based on soft self-powered triboelectric nanogenerators and deep-learning-assisted data analytics. This device can measure and distinguish the magnitude, location, and orientation of perturbations in real time from both flow field and interaction with obstacles and provide collision protection for underwater vehicles operation.

Recent Advances in Mechanical Vibration Energy Harvesters Based on Triboelectric Nanogenerators.

With the development of autonomous/smart technologies and the Internet of Things (IoT), tremendous wireless sensor nodes (WSNs) are of great importance to realize intelligent mechanical engineering, which is significant in the industrial and social fields. However, current power supply methods, cable and battery for instance, face challenges such as layout difficulties, high cost, short life, and environmental pollution. Meanwhile, vibration is ubiquitous in machinery, vehicles, structures, etc.

A Novel Method Based on Hydrodynamic Cavitation for Improving Nitric Oxide Removal Performance of NaClO.

In the removal of nitric oxide (NO) by sodium chlorite (NaClO), the NaClO concentration is usually increased, and an alkaline absorbent is added to improve the NO removal efficiency. However, this increases the cost of denitrification. This study is the first to use hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) combined with NaClO for wet denitrification.