Roche Digital Pathology Dx whole slide imaging system is comparable to traditional microscopy for primary diagnosis in surgical pathology.

Objective: We evaluated the clinical performance of Roche Digital Pathology Dx, a whole slide imaging (WSI) system, in 2 studies according to US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and Digital Pathology Association criteria.

Methods: Precision was measured by pathologists identifying 23 histopathology features; accuracy was assessed by comparing diagnoses from 2047 clinical cases with those from manual microscopy, with exploratory analyses including subgroup-specific diagnostic discrepancy rates.

Results: Both studies met all predetermined primary endpoints.

'Out of the Tropics' Sheds Light on Latitudinal Gradients in Clade Ages of Climbers, China.

We aim to test hypotheses on the patterns of clade age of climbing plants under climatic variations along the latitudinal gradients in China. Specifically, we uncover their general patterns of mean family age (MFA) and their climatic drivers. We evaluate the extents to which both the tropical niche conservatism hypothesis (TNC) and the out of the tropics hypothesis (OTT) can account for the MFA of climbing plants, respectively.

Allosteric Control and Glycan Shielding Adaptations in the SARS-CoV-2 Spike from Early to Peak Virulence.

The SARS-CoV-2 Spike glycoprotein is central to viral infectivity and immune evasion, making it a key target for vaccine and therapeutic design. This trimeric peplomer undergoes dynamic conformational changes, particularly in its Receptor Binding Domain (RBD), which transitions between closed (down) and ACE2-accessible (up) states relative to the rest of the protein, to facilitate host cell entry. Structural understanding of such critical inter-domain motions, as well as epitope exposure quantification, is essential for obtaining an effective molecular handle over this protein and, in turn, exploiting it towards improved immunogen development.

Association of ABCB1 gene polymorphisms with aspirin or clopidogrel resistance in ischemic stroke: a meta-analysis.

Objective: Ischemic stroke (IS) is a major public health concern worldwide. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between gene polymorphisms and antiplatelet resistance in patients with IS.

Methods: We performed a comprehensive search of the PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Web of Science, and WANFANG databases for articles published until February 2024.

Dynamics and activation of membrane-bound B cell receptor assembly.

B-cell receptor (BCR) complexes are expressed on the surface of a B-cell and are critical in antigen recognition and modulating the adaptive immune response. Even though the relevance of antibodies has been known for almost a hundred years, the antigen-dependent activation mechanism of B-cells has remained elusive. Several models have been proposed for BCR activation, including cross-linking, conformation-induced oligomerization, and dissociation activation models.

Insertion and Anchoring of the HIV-1 Fusion Peptide into a Complex Membrane Mimicking the Human T-Cell.

A fundamental understanding of how the HIV-1 envelope (Env) protein facilitates fusion is still lacking. The HIV-1 fusion peptide, consisting of 15 to 22 residues, is the N-terminus of the gp41 subunit of the Env protein. Further, this peptide, a promising vaccine candidate, initiates viral entry into target cells by inserting and anchoring into human immune cells.

Insertion and Anchoring of HIV-1 Fusion Peptide into Complex Membrane Mimicking Human T-cell.

A fundamental understanding of how HIV-1 envelope (Env) protein facilitates fusion is still lacking. The HIV-1 fusion peptide, consisting of 15 to 22 residues, is the N-terminus of the gp41 subunit of the Env protein. Further, this peptide, a promising vaccine candidate, initiates viral entry into target cells by inserting and anchoring into human immune cells.

Dynamics and Activation of Membrane-Bound B Cell Receptor Assembly.

B-cell receptor complexes (BCR) are expressed on the surface of a B-cell and are critical in antigen recognition and modulating the adaptive immune response. Even though the relevance of antibodies has been known for almost a hundred years, the antigen-dependent activation mechanism of B-cells has remained elusive. Several models have been proposed for BCR activation, including cross-linking, conformation-induced oligomerization, and dissociation activation models.

Assembly of short amphiphilic peptoids into nanohelices with controllable supramolecular chirality.

A long-standing challenge in bioinspired materials is to design and synthesize synthetic materials that mimic the sophisticated structures and functions of natural biomaterials, such as helical protein assemblies that are important in biological systems. Herein, we report the formation of a series of nanohelices from a type of well-developed protein-mimetics called peptoids. We demonstrate that nanohelix structures and supramolecular chirality can be well-controlled through the side-chain chemistry.

Development of a resonant screw-driven piezoelectric motor operating in single-mode vibration.

A resonant screw-driven piezoelectric motor operating in single-mode vibrations is proposed, designed, manufactured, and studied. The motor is constructed with a stator and a threaded rotor. The stator consists of a hollow parallelogram metal elastomer and two piezoelectric ceramic plates.

Monatomic ions influence substrate permeation across bacterial microcompartment shells.

Bacterial microcompartments (BMCs) are protein organelles consisting of an inner enzymatic core encased within a selectively permeable shell. BMC shells are modular, tractable architectures that can be repurposed with new interior enzymes for biomanufacturing purposes. The permeability of BMC shells is function-specific and regulated by biophysical properties of the shell subunits, especially its pores.

Computational and Experimental Determination of the Properties, Structure, and Stability of Peptoid Nanosheets and Nanotubes.

Peptoids (N-substituted glycines) are a group of highly controllable peptidomimetic polymers. Amphiphilic diblock peptoids have been engineered to assemble crystalline nanospheres, nanofibrils, nanosheets, and nanotubes with biochemical, biomedical, and bioengineering applications. The mechanical properties of peptoid nanoaggregates and their relationship to the emergent self-assembled morphologies have been relatively unexplored and are critical for the rational design of peptoid nanomaterials.

LncRNA LINC01018/miR-942-5p/KNG1 axis regulates the malignant development of glioma in vitro and in vivo.

Aims: Since the inhibitory effect of KNG1 on glioma has been proved, this study further explores the regulation of the lncRNA/miRNA axis on KNG1 in glioma.

Methods: The miRNAs that target KNG1 and the lncRNA that targets miR-942-5p were predicted by bioinformatics analysis and verified by experiments. The correlations between miR-942-5p and the survival of patients and between KNG1 and miR-942-5p were analyzed.

Hierarchical Materials from High Information Content Macromolecular Building Blocks: Construction, Dynamic Interventions, and Prediction.

Hierarchical materials that exhibit order over multiple length scales are ubiquitous in nature. Because hierarchy gives rise to unique properties and functions, many have sought inspiration from nature when designing and fabricating hierarchical matter. More and more, however, nature's own high-information content building blocks, proteins, peptides, and peptidomimetics, are being coopted to build hierarchy because the information that determines structure, function, and interfacial interactions can be readily encoded in these versatile macromolecules.

Global patterns of leaf construction traits and their covariation along climate and soil environmental gradients.

Leaf functional traits and their covariation underlie plant ecological adaptations along environmental gradients, but there is limited information on the global covariation patterns of key leaf construction traits. To explore how leaf construction traits co-vary across diverse climate and soil environmental conditions, we compiled a global dataset including cell wall mass per unit leaf mass (CW ), leaf carbon (C) and calcium (Ca) concentrations, and specific leaf area (SLA) for 2348 angiosperm species from 340 sites world-wide. Our results demonstrated negative correlations between leaf C and Ca concentrations and between leaf C and SLA across diverse nongraminoid angiosperms.

Hierarchical assemblies of polypeptoids for rational design of advanced functional nanomaterials.

Polypeptoids (poly-N-substituent glycines) are a class of highly tailorable peptidomimetic polymers. Polypeptoids have identical backbones as polypeptides (poly-C-substituent glycines), but sidechains of polypeptoids are appended to backbone nitrogen rather than α-carbon of polypeptides. As a result, peptoid backbone lacks of chirality and hydrogen bond donors.

Relationships Between Leaf Carbon and Macronutrients Across Woody Species and Forest Ecosystems Highlight How Carbon Is Allocated to Leaf Structural Function.

Stoichiometry of leaf macronutrients can provide insight into the tradeoffs between leaf structural and metabolic investments. Structural carbon (C) in cell walls is contained in lignin and polysaccharides (cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectins). Much of leaf calcium (Ca) and a fraction of magnesium (Mg) were further bounded with cell wall pectins.

LINC00466 Impacts Cell Proliferation, Metastasis and Sensitivity to Temozolomide of Glioma by Sponging miR-137 to Regulate PPP1R14B Expression.

Purpose: LINC00466 is a newfound long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) that has been rarely explored in cancers. However, the specific role and molecular mechanism of LINC00466 in glioma remain to be further elucidated.

Methods: Bioinformatic analysis was used to screen differentially expressed genes.

MARTINI-Compatible Coarse-Grained Model for the Mesoscale Simulation of Peptoids.

Peptoids (poly-N-substituted glycines) are a class of synthetic polymers that are regioisomers of peptides (poly-C-substituted glycines), in which the point of side-chain connectivity is shifted from the backbone C to the N atom. Peptoids have found diverse applications as peptidomimetic drugs, protein mimetic polymers, surfactants, and catalysts. Computational modeling is valuable in the understanding and design of peptoid-based nanomaterials.

Effects of kisspeptin on pathogenesis and energy metabolism in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS).

Kisspeptin has been shown to participate in the regulation of pituitary hormone secretion and energy metabolism. In PCOS patients, there are disorders in pituitary hormone secretion and energy metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate the serum kisspeptin and its relationship with abnormal metabolism in PCOS.

Harnessing complex fluid interfaces to control colloidal assembly and deposition.

Hypothesis: Capillary interactions play an important role in directing colloidal assembly on fluid interfaces. Interface curvature is expected to influence not only individual particle migration on interfaces but also capillary forces between nearby particles. In drying droplets, we hypothesize that the assembly and deposition of particles bound to droplet surface are controlled by the interplay between capillary effects and evaporation-driven flow.

Physical activity is not related to risk of early menopause in a large prospective study.

Study Question: Is physical activity associated with incident early menopause?

Summary Answer: Physical activity is not associated with incident early menopause.

What Is Known Already: Lifestyle factors such as physical activity may influence menopause timing, but results from prior research are inconsistent.

Study Design, Size, Duration: We evaluated the association between physical activity and the occurrence of early natural menopause in a prospective cohort study, the Nurses' Health Study II.

Leaf phosphorus content of Quercus wutaishanica increases with total soil potassium in the Loess Plateau.

Phosphorus (P) is arguably more limiting than nitrogen for forest ecosystems being free of disturbances for lengthy time periods. The elucidation of multivariate relationships between foliar P and its primary drivers for dominant species is an urgent issue and formidable challenge for ecologists. Our goal was to evaluate the effects of primary drivers on foliar P of Quercus wutaishanica, the dominant species in broadleaved deciduous forest at the Loess Plateau, China.