Endothelial HMGB1-AIM2 axis worsens myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by regulating endothelial pyroptosis.

This study investigates mechanisms related to endothelial cells in myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, focusing on the role of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein in these cells. Using a murine model, we observed elevated levels of HMGB1 in both the heart and circulation following I/R, with a portion originating from cardiac vascular endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes. Endothelial cell-specific HMGB1 knockout preserved cardiac function after I/R by reducing infarct size, mitigating myocardial damage, maintaining endothelial cell barrier function, and attenuating inflammatory and oxidative stress responses.

Nuclear Lactate Dehydrogenase A Resists Cardiomyocyte Cell Cycle Arrest Induced by Oxidative Stress.

A sudden increase in ambient oxygen concentration after birth forces the metabolic switch from anaerobic glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation, which contributes to the rapid decline of cardiomyocyte proliferation. Lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), a metabolic enzyme normally localized in the cytoplasm, has been reported to regulate cardiomyocyte proliferation via inducing metabolic reprogramming. Nuclear LDHA has been observed in multiple proliferative cells, whereas the role of LDHA nuclear translocation in cardiomyocyte proliferation remains unresolved.

Intracellular and extracellular Cyclophilin a promote cardiac fibrosis through TGF-β signaling in response to angiotensin Ⅱ.

Cardiac fibrosis is characterized by abnormal proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) and ventricular remodeling, which finally leads to heart failure. Inflammation and oxidative stress play a central role in the development of cardiac fibrosis. CyPA (Cyclophilin A) is a main proinflammatory cytokine secreted under the conditions of oxidative stress.

Search progress of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) in organ fibrosis.

Fibrosis is characterized by abnormal deposition of the extracellular matrix (ECM), leading to organ structural remodeling and loss of function. The principal cellular effector in fibrosis is activated myofibroblasts, which serve as the main source of matrix proteins. Metabolic reprogramming, transitioning from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis, is widely observed in rapidly dividing cells such as tumor cells and activated myofibroblasts and is increasingly recognized as a fundamental pathogenic basis in organ fibrosis.

Sub-chronic and developmental toxicity of transdermal delivery of Renzhu ointment in young SD rats.

Renzhu ointment (Renzhuqigao, RZQG) is a patented herbal drug derived from Chinese traditional medicine formula and modern clinical experience for the transdermal treatment of non-infectious infantile diarrhoea. The safety of RZQG in preclinical studies has not been reported. In this study, the pups of parent rats were examined for sub-chronic toxicity and developmental toxicity.

Kangbainian Lotion Ameliorates Vulvovaginal Candidiasis in Mice by Inhibiting the Growth of Fluconazole-Resistant and the Dectin-1 Signaling Pathway Activation.

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is an infectious disease caused by species, which affects millions of women worldwide every year. The resistance to available antifungal drugs for clinical treatment is a growing problem. The treatment of refractory VVC caused by azole-resistant is still facing challenges.

Sirtuin 3: Emerging therapeutic target for cardiovascular diseases.

Acetylation is one of the most important methods of modification that lead to a change in the function of proteins. In humans, metabolic enzymes commonly undergo acetylation, which regulates the activities of metabolic enzymes and metabolic pathways. Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) is a prominent deacetylase that participates in mitochondrial metabolism, redox balance, and mitochondrial dynamics by regulating mitochondrial protein acetylation, thereby protecting mitochondria from damage.

Extracellular cyclophilin A induces cardiac hypertrophy via the ERK/p47phox pathway.

Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a critical driver of cardiac hypertrophy developing into heart failure. Cyclophilin A (CyPA), a member of the cyclophilin family, has been highlighted as a main secreted ROS-induced factor. The mechanism by which extracellular CyPA interacts with cardiomyocytes is unclear.

The mitogenome of freshwater loach (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae) with phylogenetic analysis of Nemacheilidae.

The complete mitogenome can provide valuable genetic information to reconstruct relationships between species. In this study, we sequenced a stone loach, (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae), which is found in the northern region of the Qinling Mountains in China. The size of the mitogenome is 16,570 bp, which contains 37 typical mitochondrial genes including 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, two ribosomal RNAs, and a control region (D-loop) with a total AT content of 55.

CD137 signaling induces macrophage M2 polarization in atherosclerosis through STAT6/PPARδ pathway.

CD137 signaling plays an important role in the formation and development of atherosclerotic plaques. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of CD137 signaling on macrophage polarization during atherosclerosis and to explore the underlying mechanisms. The effect of CD137 signaling on macrophage phenotype in atherosclerotic plaques was determined by intraperitoneal injection of agonist-CD137 recombinant protein in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice, an established in vivo model of atherosclerosis.

Role of CyPA in cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling.

Pathological cardiac hypertrophy is a complex process and eventually develops into heart failure, in which the heart responds to various intrinsic or external stress, involving increased interstitial fibrosis, cell death and cardiac dysfunction. Studies have shown that oxidative stress is an important mechanism for this maladaptation. Cyclophilin A (CyPA) is a member of the cyclophilin (CyPs) family.

The complete mitochondrial genome of a leaf roller, (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae).

The leaf roller, , is a potential pest of in East Asia. In this study, we described the complete mitochondrial genome of this species by high-throughput sequencing. The mitochondrial genome is found to be a circular molecule of 16,056 bp in length, which consisted of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, and a non-coding control region (A + T-rich region).

Cyclophilin A Protects Cardiomyocytes against Hypoxia/Reoxygenation-Induced Apoptosis via the AKT/Nox2 Pathway.

Hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) accelerates the process of cardiomyocyte apoptosis during ischemia-reperfusion. Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a critical driver of oxidative stress injury. Cyclophilin A (CyPA) is a major ROS-induced factor in atherosclerosis.

Biodegradation of polyvinyl alcohol using cross-linked enzyme aggregates of degrading enzymes from Bacillus niacini.

In this study, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-degrading bacteria were screened from sludge samples using PVA as a sole source of carbon. A novel strain was obtained and identified as Bacillus niacini based on the analysis of a partial 16S rDNA nucleotide sequence and morphological characteristics. PVA-degrading enzyme (PVAase) from Bacillus niacini was immobilized as cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) via precipitation with ammonium sulfate followed by glutaraldehyde cross-linking.

WHEN SHOULD WE NOT TRANSFER FUNCTIONAL ANNOTATION BETWEEN SEQUENCE PARALOGS?

Current automated computational methods to assign functional labels to unstudied genes often involve transferring annotation from orthologous or paralogous genes, however such genes can evolve divergent functions, making such transfer inappropriate. We consider the problem of determining when it is correct to make such an assignment between paralogs. We construct a benchmark dataset of two types of similar paralogous pairs of genes in the well-studied model organism S.

Clinical vestibular testing assessed with machine-learning algorithms.

Importance: Dizziness and imbalance are common clinical problems, and accurate diagnosis depends on determining whether damage is localized to the peripheral vestibular system. Vestibular testing guides this determination, but the accuracy of the different tests is not known.

Objective: To determine how well each element of the vestibular test battery segregates patients with normal peripheral vestibular function from those with unilateral reductions in vestibular function.

New directions for diffusion-based network prediction of protein function: incorporating pathways with confidence.

Motivation: It has long been hypothesized that incorporating models of network noise as well as edge directions and known pathway information into the representation of protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks might improve their utility for functional inference. However, a simple way to do this has not been obvious. We find that diffusion state distance (DSD), our recent diffusion-based metric for measuring dissimilarity in PPI networks, has natural extensions that incorporate confidence, directions and can even express coherent pathways by calculating DSD on an augmented graph.

Going the distance for protein function prediction: a new distance metric for protein interaction networks.

In protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks, functional similarity is often inferred based on the function of directly interacting proteins, or more generally, some notion of interaction network proximity among proteins in a local neighborhood. Prior methods typically measure proximity as the shortest-path distance in the network, but this has only a limited ability to capture fine-grained neighborhood distinctions, because most proteins are close to each other, and there are many ties in proximity. We introduce diffusion state distance (DSD), a new metric based on a graph diffusion property, designed to capture finer-grained distinctions in proximity for transfer of functional annotation in PPI networks.