Triamcinolone Acetonide-Assisted Visualization and Removal of Vitreous Cortex Remnants in Retinal Detachment: A Prospective Cohort Study.

: In rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD), vitreous cortex remnants (VCRs) may contribute to the development and progression of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). This study aimed to evaluate potential toxicity and trauma secondary to VCRs visualization and removal during pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for RRD. : Prospective study on patients with primary RRD who underwent PPV.

Management of Vasoproliferative Tumor in a Patient With Coats' Disease: Multiple Therapeutic Approach in Current Era.

This case report describes a vasoproliferative tumor in a 16-year-old male patient with Coats' disease, treated with laser photocoagulation, cryoablation, and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections therapies, that developed an epiretinal membrane as a complication. The surgical treatment in association with the retinal laser treatment greatly improved visual acuity. At 8 months follow-up from surgery, visual acuity had significantly improved, and macular anatomy recovered.

Artificial intelligence in ophthalmology: Progress, challenges, and ethical implications.

The adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) in ophthalmology holds great promise for improving diagnostic accuracy, optimizing workflows, and enhancing patient care. However, regulatory, ethical, and technical challenges must be addressed to ensure its safe and effective implementation. Bias in AI can lead to disparities in healthcare delivery, while the "black-box problem" raises concerns about transparency and trust.

Comparison of effectiveness of geographic atrophy automatic segmentation with different imaging methods.

Purpose: To compare geographic atrophy (GA) size measured with fundus autofluorescence (FAF), near-infrared (N-IR) imaging, retromode (RM) imaging and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) imaging and to compare accuracy of artificial intelligence(AI)-based automatic segmentation of GA with each method.

Methods: Available good quality FAF, N-IR- RM and OCTA images acquired on the same date for each patient diagnosed with GA from 2022 to 2024 were retrospectively collected. Seventy(70)% of the images were used to train a Trainable Weka Segmenter (v 3.

Intravitreal Injections of Cord Blood Platelet-Rich Plasma in Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Regenerative Therapy.

Purpose: Intravitreal injections (IVIs) of umbilical cord blood platelet-rich plasma (CB-PRP) were investigated to assess their safety and efficacy in slowing the progression of atrophy in eyes with late-stage dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Design: Randomized, controlled, prospective study.

Subjects: Patients with AMD aged >65 years and diagnosed with bilateral geographic atrophy were enrolled.

Radiomic Feature Extraction from OCT Angiography of Idiopathic Epiretinal Membranes and Correlation with Visual Acuity: A Pilot Study.

Purpose: To explore the correlation between radiomics features extracted from OCT angiography (OCTA) of epiretinal membranes (ERMs) and baseline best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA).

Design: Retrospective observational monocentric study.

Participants: Eighty-three eyes affected by idiopathic ERMs, categorized into low (≤70 letters) and high (70 letters) BCVA groups.

Diameter of cystoid spaces and choroidal hypertransmission as novel prognostic biomarkers in myopic foveoschisis.

Purpose: To analyse optical coherence tomography (OCT) biomarkers of anatomical and functional success in myopic foveoschisis (MF) (stage I and II of ATN classification) undergoing pars plana vitrectomy (PPV).

Materials And Methods: Isolated MF cases who underwent PPV showing preoperative optical coherence tomography (OCT)-documented integrity of the foveal ellipsoid zone (EZ) and retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) were included. Availability of good quality preoperative and 1-year-postoperative OCT acquisitions was also mandatory for inclusion.

OCT Angiography of Type 1 Macular Neovascularization in AMD: A Morphometric Evaluation.

Purpose: To determine biomarkers of macular neovascularization (MNV) in neovascular age-related macular degeneration through the application of an automatic algorithm based optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) analysis.

Methods: In this retrospective, observational, single-center, cross-sectional study, patients with a diagnosis of age-related macular degeneration complicated by type 1 MNV were included. MNV was detected with OCTA and scans were analyzed with a qualitative and quantitative open-source image processing package.

Face-up vs face-down positioning after rhegmatogenous macula-off retinal detachment surgery: Hypothesis of better recovery.

PurposeTo evaluate the differences between two distinct patient postoperative positions following rhegmatogenous macula-off retinal detachment surgery.MethodsIn this consecutive clinical study, 26 patients were placed in either the face-up or face-down postoperative position group. Postoperative follow-ups were conducted at 1, 3, and 6 months using type 1 M-CHARTS, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure, and optical coherence tomography imaging to evaluate the functional and anatomical outcomes after surgery.

Faricimab efficacy in a poorly responsive case of Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy (PCV): A case report.

PurposeTo evaluate anatomical and functional outcomes of Faricimab therapy on a case of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) refractory to previous treatments.Major findingsA 56-year-old patient with PCV presenting with a large pigment epithelial detachment (PED) showed best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improvement, subretinal fluid (SRF) reduction and PED height reduction at 2 months follow up after a loading phase of 4 monthly Faricimab injections. The patient had previously undergone Aflibercept, Brolucizumab and photodynamic therapy (PDT) treatments with a suboptimal response.

Cord blood platelet-rich plasma: proteomics analysis for ophthalmic applications.

Our objective is to determine the protein and complements constituents of Cord blood Platelet-rich plasma (CB-PRP), based on the hypothesis that it contains beneficial components capable of arresting or potentially decelerating the advancement of atrophic age-related macular degeneration (dry-AMD), with the support of radiomics. Two distinct pools of CB-PRP were assessed, each pool obtained from a total of 15 umbilical cord-blood donors. One aliquot of each pool respectively was subjected to proteomic analysis in order to enhance the significance of our findings, by identifying proteins that are shared between the two sample pools and gaining insights into the pathways they are associated with.

Regression of the Flow Signal from the Neovascular Network in AMD Neovascular Membranes Treated with Faricimab.

Objectives: To report the occurrence of the regression of the flow signal from the neovascular network in macular neovascularizations (MNVs), developing in the context of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), treated with faricimab in a treat-and-extend regimen.

Methods: Eyes affected by AMD-related MNV and treated with faricimab intravitreal injections in a treat-and-extend (TE) regimen were consecutively retrospectively screened in five specialized retina centers. Changes in neovascular network characteristics during the course of the treatment were analyzed.

Structural en face optical coherence tomography in neovascular and nonneovascularage-related macular degeneration: Use and utility in clinical practice.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness and visual impairment worldwide. Structural en face optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an innovative imaging technology that has recently attracted interest because of its potential for assessing AMD features. We conducted a comprehensive review of its application in AMD.

Efficacy and safety of treat-and-extend intravitreal brolucizumab in naive and switched patients with macular neovascularization: one-year follow-up study.

Background: to analyze, at one year, the efficacy and safety of treat-and-extend (T&E) intravitreal (IV) Brolucizumab in patients affected by macular neovascularization (MNV). Both naïve and previously treated (i.e.

Prediction of Functional and Anatomic Progression in Lamellar Macular Holes.

Purpose: To use artificial intelligence to identify imaging biomarkers for anatomic and functional progression of lamellar macular hole (LMH) and elaborate a deep learning (DL) model based on OCT and OCT angiography (OCTA) for prediction of visual acuity (VA) loss in untreated LMHs.

Design: Multicentric retrospective observational study.

Participants: Patients aged >18 years diagnosed with idiopathic LMHs with availability of good quality OCT and OCTA acquisitions at baseline and a follow-up >2 years were recruited.

Retinal Pigment Epithelium and Outer Retinal Atrophy (RORA) in Retinitis Pigmentosa: Functional, Structural, and Genetic Evaluation.

Purpose: To examine whether the extension of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and outer retinal atrophy (RORA) and various other morphofunctional parameters correlate with the genetic assessment and severity of retinitis pigmentosa (RP).

Methods: Thirty-eight patients (76 eyes) with RP were prospectively enrolled and underwent full ophthalmic examination, including visual field testing, full-field electroretinography (ERG), and optical coherence tomography angiography. The severity of the disease was calculated using the RP stage scoring system, and the area of RORA was assessed using the automatically calculated area of sub-RPE illumination.

Management of Perifoveal Exudative Vascular Anomalous Complex.

Purpose: To report a case of a patient with perifoveal exudative vascular anomalous complex (PEVAC) and to analyze morphological and vascular changes by OCT and OCTA before and after treatment.

Materials And Methods: In this case we reported a case which received multiple treatment for unresponsive effect to Repeated Aflibercept intravitreal injections, subthreshold micropulse laser therapy (SMPL) duty cycle 5%. At last the focal fully dose yellow laser was performed.

Chorio-retinal vessel density in women affected by functional hypothalamic amenorrhea: a monocentric observational cross-sectional study to evaluate the impact of hypoestrogenism on chorio-retinal vascularization.

Purpose: Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA) is characterized by an estrogen deficiency which in turn can cause vascular dysfunction. The aim of this study is to evaluate any changes in the chorio-retinal circulation in patients affected by FHA. 24 patients with FHA and 24 age-matched controls underwent a gynecological evaluation and an OCT angiography (OCTA) to study chorio-retinal vascularization.

Multimodal imaging in diabetic retinopathy and macular edema: An update about biomarkers.

Diabetic macular edema (DME), defined as retinal thickening near, or involving the fovea caused by fluid accumulation in the retina, can lead to vision impairment and blindness in patients with diabetes. Current knowledge of retina anatomy and function and DME pathophysiology has taken great advantage of the availability of several techniques for visualizing the retina. Combining these techniques in a multimodal imaging approach to DME is recommended to improve diagnosis and to guide treatment decisions.

Optical Coherence Tomography Advanced Parameters in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis: Ophthalmological and Neurological Assessments.

Purpose: To evaluate ophthalmological, neurological, radiological, and laboratory data in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and to identify new ophthalmological factors that could be helpful as biomarkers of the disease, potentially leading to an earlier prediction of disease course and disability progression.

Design: Retrospective, cross-sectional-study.

Methods: Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), ophthalmological biomicroscopy of the anterior segment and fundus, structural optical coherence tomography (OCT) with retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell complex (GCC), and OCT angiography (OCTA) with vascular density (VD) were performed.

OCT analysis of preoperative foveal microstructure in recent-onset macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment: visual acuity prognostic factors.

Background: To evaluate, in patients undergoing macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment surgery (RRD), the correlation between preoperative optical coherence tomography (OCT) morphological features and postoperative visual acuity.

Methods: Retrospective interventional non-randomised clinical trial on 89 eyes of 89 patients undergoing pars plana vitrectomy for macula-off primary RRD at Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli from 2020 to 2023. Preoperative 6×6 mm OCT B scans with Nidek Mirante (Nidek, Gamagori, Japan) were performed, collecting the following features: foveal involvement (fovea-on vs fovea-off), subretinal hyper-reflective points (HRPs), outer retinal corrugations (ORCs) and intraretinal cystic spaces (ICS) in the outer nuclear layer.

A novel homozygous splice site variant in ARL2BP causes a syndromic autosomal recessive rod-cone dystrophy with situs inversus, asthenozoospermia, unilateral renal agenesis and microcysts.

Background: This report presents a clinical case of syndromic rod-cone dystrophy due to a splice site variant in the ARL2BP gene causing situs inversus, asthenozoospermia, unilateral renal agenesis and microcysts. The presence of renal agenesis and cryptorchidism expands the clinical manifestations due to ARL2BP variants. The detailed, long-term follow-up contributes valuable insights into disease progression, aiding clinical diagnosis and patient management.

Effect of Pro Re Nata Regimen with Anti-VEGF on Type 3 Macular Neovascularization: Long-Term Outcomes.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate long-term outcomes of intravitreal injections (IVI) of antivascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) with type 3 macular neovascularization (MNV).

Methods: This retrospective study included 19 eyes of 17 patients with nAMD and type 3 MNV treated with anti-VEGF IVI with a loading dose and a PRN regimen. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT), presence of macular intraretinal fluid (IRF) and subretinal fluid (SRF), flow area (FA), subfoveal choroidal thickness (CT), and macular atrophy (MA) were assessed at baseline (T0) and during follow-up (T1, post-loading phase; T2, 1 year; T3, 2 years; T4 >2 years).

Ranibizumab Port Delivery System in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Where Do We Stand? Overview of Pharmacokinetics, Clinical Results, and Future Directions.

The ranibizumab (RBZ) port delivery system (PDS) is a device designed to continuously deliver RBZ in the vitreous chamber for the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). It is implanted during a surgical procedure and can provide sustained release of the medication for several months. This review, updated to January 2024, focuses on past clinical studies as well as current and forthcoming trials looking into a PDS with RBZ.