Vortex Vein Varix: Multimodal Imaging and Clinical Correlates.

We report the largest series of vortex vein varix, describe its features and associations with myopia and pachychoroid, and emphasize the diagnostic value of OCT, ultrasound, and NIR as non-invasive imaging alternatives.

En Face OCT and the Phenotype Characterization of Drusen.

Purpose: To detect and differentiate the various subtypes of drusen and subretinal drusenoid deposits (SDDs) using single-capture en face spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) imaging.

Methods: This study was a retrospective case series. Sixty-six eyes of 37 patients with evidence of soft, cuticular, and calcified drusen and SDDs were analyzed.

Management of Vasoproliferative Tumor in a Patient With Coats' Disease: Multiple Therapeutic Approach in Current Era.

This case report describes a vasoproliferative tumor in a 16-year-old male patient with Coats' disease, treated with laser photocoagulation, cryoablation, and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections therapies, that developed an epiretinal membrane as a complication. The surgical treatment in association with the retinal laser treatment greatly improved visual acuity. At 8 months follow-up from surgery, visual acuity had significantly improved, and macular anatomy recovered.

Artificial intelligence in ophthalmology: Progress, challenges, and ethical implications.

The adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) in ophthalmology holds great promise for improving diagnostic accuracy, optimizing workflows, and enhancing patient care. However, regulatory, ethical, and technical challenges must be addressed to ensure its safe and effective implementation. Bias in AI can lead to disparities in healthcare delivery, while the "black-box problem" raises concerns about transparency and trust.

Intravitreal Injections of Cord Blood Platelet-Rich Plasma in Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Regenerative Therapy.

Purpose: Intravitreal injections (IVIs) of umbilical cord blood platelet-rich plasma (CB-PRP) were investigated to assess their safety and efficacy in slowing the progression of atrophy in eyes with late-stage dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Design: Randomized, controlled, prospective study.

Subjects: Patients with AMD aged >65 years and diagnosed with bilateral geographic atrophy were enrolled.

Radiomic Feature Extraction from OCT Angiography of Idiopathic Epiretinal Membranes and Correlation with Visual Acuity: A Pilot Study.

Purpose: To explore the correlation between radiomics features extracted from OCT angiography (OCTA) of epiretinal membranes (ERMs) and baseline best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA).

Design: Retrospective observational monocentric study.

Participants: Eighty-three eyes affected by idiopathic ERMs, categorized into low (≤70 letters) and high (70 letters) BCVA groups.

OCT Angiography of Type 1 Macular Neovascularization in AMD: A Morphometric Evaluation.

Purpose: To determine biomarkers of macular neovascularization (MNV) in neovascular age-related macular degeneration through the application of an automatic algorithm based optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) analysis.

Methods: In this retrospective, observational, single-center, cross-sectional study, patients with a diagnosis of age-related macular degeneration complicated by type 1 MNV were included. MNV was detected with OCTA and scans were analyzed with a qualitative and quantitative open-source image processing package.

Pars Plana Vitrectomy With External Drainage for Nonexudative Retinal Detachment.

Purpose: To describe a surgical technique for retinal detachment with undetected retinal breaks, which combines pars plana vitrectomy and external subretinal fluid (SRF) drainage.

Methods: In this retrospective observational study, patients with a diagnosis of retinal detachment with undetected retinal breaks were enrolled. Standard three-port 25-gauge (G) core and peripheral pars plana vitrectomy was performed.

Retinal Pigment Epithelium and Outer Retinal Atrophy (RORA) in Retinitis Pigmentosa: Functional, Structural, and Genetic Evaluation.

Purpose: To examine whether the extension of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and outer retinal atrophy (RORA) and various other morphofunctional parameters correlate with the genetic assessment and severity of retinitis pigmentosa (RP).

Methods: Thirty-eight patients (76 eyes) with RP were prospectively enrolled and underwent full ophthalmic examination, including visual field testing, full-field electroretinography (ERG), and optical coherence tomography angiography. The severity of the disease was calculated using the RP stage scoring system, and the area of RORA was assessed using the automatically calculated area of sub-RPE illumination.

Long Term Follow Up of a Family with A3243G Mitochondrial Syndrome.

Purpose: To describe the clinical and multimodal imaging (MMI) features of a family (proband, sister and mother) with A3243G mitochondrial retinopathy and long-term follow up.

Methods: Medical and imaging records were retrospectively evaluated. Multimodal imaging included ultra-widefield color fundus photography, fundus autofluorescence, and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography.

Management of Perifoveal Exudative Vascular Anomalous Complex.

Purpose: To report a case of a patient with perifoveal exudative vascular anomalous complex (PEVAC) and to analyze morphological and vascular changes by OCT and OCTA before and after treatment.

Materials And Methods: In this case we reported a case which received multiple treatment for unresponsive effect to Repeated Aflibercept intravitreal injections, subthreshold micropulse laser therapy (SMPL) duty cycle 5%. At last the focal fully dose yellow laser was performed.

Optical Coherence Tomography Advanced Parameters in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis: Ophthalmological and Neurological Assessments.

Purpose: To evaluate ophthalmological, neurological, radiological, and laboratory data in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and to identify new ophthalmological factors that could be helpful as biomarkers of the disease, potentially leading to an earlier prediction of disease course and disability progression.

Design: Retrospective, cross-sectional-study.

Methods: Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), ophthalmological biomicroscopy of the anterior segment and fundus, structural optical coherence tomography (OCT) with retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell complex (GCC), and OCT angiography (OCTA) with vascular density (VD) were performed.

OCT analysis of preoperative foveal microstructure in recent-onset macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment: visual acuity prognostic factors.

Background: To evaluate, in patients undergoing macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment surgery (RRD), the correlation between preoperative optical coherence tomography (OCT) morphological features and postoperative visual acuity.

Methods: Retrospective interventional non-randomised clinical trial on 89 eyes of 89 patients undergoing pars plana vitrectomy for macula-off primary RRD at Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli from 2020 to 2023. Preoperative 6×6 mm OCT B scans with Nidek Mirante (Nidek, Gamagori, Japan) were performed, collecting the following features: foveal involvement (fovea-on vs fovea-off), subretinal hyper-reflective points (HRPs), outer retinal corrugations (ORCs) and intraretinal cystic spaces (ICS) in the outer nuclear layer.

Pathogenesis of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy and the Link Between Choroidal Hyperpermeability and Retinal Pigment Epithelium Pump Reversal.

Purpose: To describe 6 cases of acute central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) and the response to laser treatment, focusing on the underlying pathogenic mechanism.

Methods: Multimodal imaging from 6 eyes of 6 patients with acute and recurrent CSCR were reviewed, including fundus autofluorescence (FAF), fluorescein angiography (FA), indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), and optical coherence tomography (OCT) at baseline and after laser therapy.

Results: In 3 of the 6 cases with acute CSCR, the hyporeflective lucency sign was identified with cross-sectional and en face OCT and co-localized with an intense active inkblot retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) leak on FA.

Infantile nystagmus syndrome: An observational, retrospective, multicenter study.

Significance: This multicenter study assessed clinical and psychological aspects of infantile nystagmus syndrome (INS) focusing on its management and nonsurgical treatment.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess clinical features, management, relationship life, and psychological impact in a group of patients with nystagmus onset in pediatric age.

Methods: This observational study included patients diagnosed with INS referred to two Italian centers from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2020.

Chorioretinal biomarkers in hypothalamic amenorrhea.

Purpose: The aim of our study was to evaluate changes in the retinal and choriocapillaris circulations in patients with hypothalamic amenorrhea.

Methods: Prospective, cross-sectional observational study on 25 patients (50 eyes) diagnosed with hypothalamic amenorrhea and 25 age-matched healthy women. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) was used to evaluate the vessel density (VD) of superficial capillary plexus (SCP), deep capillary plexus (DCP), and choriocapillaris VD layers in whole 6.

En Face Optical Coherence Tomography Illustrates the Trizonal Distribution of Drusen and Subretinal Drusenoid Deposits in the Macula.

Purpose: To analyze the topographic distribution of macular drusen and subretinal drusenoid deposits (SDDs) using single-capture en face spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) imaging.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Methods: Analysis of 33 eyes of 20 patients with evidence of SDDs.

A case of cilioretinal artery occlusion: Diagnostic procedures.

Purpose: To evaluate characteristic imaging findings and functional outcomes of Cilioretinal Artery Occlusion (CLRAO) associated with giant cell arteritis (GCA).

Observations: We report the case of a 70-year-old woman presenting with sudden vision loss caused by a GCA-associated-CLRAO in her left eye (LE). A thorough ophthalmologic examination together with optical coherence tomography (OCT), OCT-Angiography (OCT-A), fluorescein angiography and fundus autofluorescence were performed.

SPONTANEOUS CLOSURE OF FULL-THICKNESS MACULAR HOLE AFTER PARS PLANA VITRECTOMY FOR RETINAL DETACHMENT: EVIDENCE OF ELLIPSOID ZONE RESTORATION.

Purpose: To describe a case of full-thickness macular hole (FTMH) occurred after pars plana vitrectomy for a macula-sparing rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, which showed a spontaneous closure associated with outer retinal layers restoration.

Methods: Case report.

Results: A pseudophakic 69-year-old man underwent pars plana vitrectomy for a macula-sparing superior rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in the right eye.

Central Serous Chorioretinopathy by Autofluorescence, Enface and SLO-Retromode Imaging.

The aim of our study was to investigate the clinical features of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) with autofluorescence (AF), retromode (RM), and enface imaging. This retrospective study was conducted at Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome (Italy), between September and December 2022.

3D Da Vinci robotic surgery: is it a risk to the surgeon's eye health?

Da Vinci three-dimensional (3D) system has been increasingly used in customary surgical settings, gaining fundamental relevance for abdominal, urological, and gynecological laparoscopic surgery. The aim of this research is to evaluate the degree of discomfort and potential changes in the binocular vision and ocular motility of surgical operators, who employ 3D vision systems during Da Vinci robotic surgery. Twenty-four surgeons were enrolled in the study, including twelve who typically use the 3D Da Vinci system and twelve who routinely employ 2D system.

Brolucizumab for Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration: One-Year Real-World Experience from a Tertiary Center.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to explore the early efficacy and safety of treatment with intravitreal injections (IVIs) of brolucizumab in patients presenting with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) in a real-world setting.

Methods: This retrospective study included 194 eyes of 180 patients with nAMD treated with standard 6-mg IVIs of brolucizumab in our clinic between March 11, 2021, and June 15, 2022. Both treatment-naive (33 eyes) and switch therapy patients (161 eyes) were included in the study.

Long-term follow-up of surgical treatment of thyroid-associated orbitopathy restrictive strabismus.

Objective: Thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO) is the most frequent cause of extraocular muscle enlargement, with consecutive restrictive strabismus. The main muscles involved are inferior and medial rectus, resulting in horizontal esotropia and/or vertical strabismus. Surgery may either establish or improve binocular single vision.