En Face OCT and the Phenotype Characterization of Drusen.

Purpose: To detect and differentiate the various subtypes of drusen and subretinal drusenoid deposits (SDDs) using single-capture en face spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) imaging.

Methods: This study was a retrospective case series. Sixty-six eyes of 37 patients with evidence of soft, cuticular, and calcified drusen and SDDs were analyzed.

En Face OCT Imaging of Epiretinal Membranes Complicated by Internal Limiting Membrane Tears.

Purpose: To describe the demographic, clinical, and en face OCT features of eyes with epiretinal membrane (ERM) with or without internal limiting membrane (ILM) tears.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Subjects: This single-institution study included 101 eyes of 101 patients with ERM.

VITELLIFORM LESIONS ASSOCIATED WITH ANGIOID STREAKS: Long-Term Follow-Up of a Rarely Described Phenotype.

Purpose: To describe the clinical and multimodal imaging features, and long-term outcomes, of acquired vitelliform lesions (AVLs) in angioid streaks (AS).

Methods: Retrospective case series including 14 patients (23 eyes) with AS-related AVLs. Clinical data, color fundus photography, fundus autofluorescence, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT), en face OCT, and OCT angiography were evaluated at baseline and final visits.

Stellate Nonhereditary Idiopathic Foveomacular Retinoschisis and Central Anomalous Retinoschisis with mid-PEripheral Traction.

Purpose: To report the clinical and multimodal imaging (MMI) findings and long-term follow-up of stellate nonhereditary idiopathic foveomacular retinoschisis (SNIFR) contiguous with midperipheral retinoschisis (MPRS) and to describe a severe SNIFR variant termed CARPET (Central Anomalous Retinoschisis with mid-PEripheral Traction).

Design: Retrospective case series.

Subjects: Eleven patients (15 eyes) with SNIFR contiguous with MPRS in at least 1 eye at baseline or final follow-up.

Pentosan polysulfate sodium maculopathy: Final analysis of a prospective cohort, updated review, and association with inflammatory bowel disease.

Pentosan polysulfate sodium (PPS) maculopathy is a recently described condition of macular toxicity. We report the prevalence (15 %), the clinical characteristics, and the multimodal imaging (MMI) features of PPS maculopathy based on a final prospective analysis of a cohort of 154 subjects and highlight the association with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In addition, we summarize the most recent and relevant literature on PPS maculopathy.

Long Term Follow Up of a Family with A3243G Mitochondrial Syndrome.

Purpose: To describe the clinical and multimodal imaging (MMI) features of a family (proband, sister and mother) with A3243G mitochondrial retinopathy and long-term follow up.

Methods: Medical and imaging records were retrospectively evaluated. Multimodal imaging included ultra-widefield color fundus photography, fundus autofluorescence, and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography.

SUB RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM HYPOREFLECTIVE SPACES PRECEDING LARGE DRUSEN COLLAPSE.

Purpose: To describe and study hyporeflective subretinal pigment epithelium (RPE) spaces in large drusen and drusenoid pigment epithelial detachment before collapse.

Method: Retrospective longitudinal study enrolled patients with large and very large drusen caused by intermediate age-related macular degeneration. The following optical coherence tomography parameters were assessed: drusen size (maximum width and height), optical coherence tomography biomarkers of RPE atrophy, presence of intraretinal and subretinal fluid, acquired vitelliform lesion, and sub-RPE regions of hyporeflectivity within the pigment epithelial detachment compartment.

Pathogenesis of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy and the Link Between Choroidal Hyperpermeability and Retinal Pigment Epithelium Pump Reversal.

Purpose: To describe 6 cases of acute central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) and the response to laser treatment, focusing on the underlying pathogenic mechanism.

Methods: Multimodal imaging from 6 eyes of 6 patients with acute and recurrent CSCR were reviewed, including fundus autofluorescence (FAF), fluorescein angiography (FA), indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), and optical coherence tomography (OCT) at baseline and after laser therapy.

Results: In 3 of the 6 cases with acute CSCR, the hyporeflective lucency sign was identified with cross-sectional and en face OCT and co-localized with an intense active inkblot retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) leak on FA.

Retinal Ischemic Perivascular Lesions Are Associated With Myocardial Infarction in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease.

Purpose: To evaluate the association of retinal ischemic perivascular lesions (RIPLs) with myocardial infarction (MI) among patients diagnosed with coronary artery diseases (CAD).

Design: Retrospective cross-sectional study.

Methods: Consecutive patients (317 patients) with CAD who underwent macular spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) were captured.

Cystoid macular edema as a complication of central retinal artery occlusion.

Purpose: To describe the development of cystoid macular edema (CME) as a complication of central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) in 2 cases.

Observations: The first patient was a 51-year-old female who presented with acute loss of vision in the left eye. Multimodal retinal imaging revealed a CRAO with a perfused cilioretinal artery.

En Face Optical Coherence Tomography Illustrates the Trizonal Distribution of Drusen and Subretinal Drusenoid Deposits in the Macula.

Purpose: To analyze the topographic distribution of macular drusen and subretinal drusenoid deposits (SDDs) using single-capture en face spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) imaging.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Methods: Analysis of 33 eyes of 20 patients with evidence of SDDs.

En face OCT analysis of Bietti's crystalline dystrophy.

Objective: To describe the multimodal imaging features, including en face optical coherence tomography (OCT), of Bietti's crystalline dystrophy (BCD).

Methods: Wide field fundus photography, autofluorescence (FAF) imaging, and cross sectional and en face OCT were performed in a case of BCD. The level of the crystals in the retina were analyzed.

EVALUATION OF PARAVASCULAR INNER RETINAL DEFECTS USING EN FACE OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY.

Purpose: To evaluate the prevalence and risk factors for development of paravascular inner retinal defects (PIRDs) using en face optical coherence tomography.

Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study. En face and cross-sectional optical coherence tomography images were reviewed (9 × 9 mm or 12 × 12 mm).

SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT OF SEVERE PERIPAPILLARY PACHYCHOROID SYNDROME WITH ANTI-VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR THERAPY.

Purpose: To describe two cases of severe peripapillary pachychoroid syndrome successfully managed with monthly intravitreal aflibercept therapy.

Methods: Medical and imaging records were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were imaged with ultra-widefield fluorescein, indocyanine green angiography, and fundus autofluorescence.

Relationship Between Drusen Height and OCT Biomarkers of Atrophy in Non-Neovascular AMD.

Purpose: To determine if increasing drusen height correlates with predictive optical coherence tomography (OCT) biomarkers of atrophy.

Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional study that enrolled patients with drusen associated with intermediate AMD. Macular drusen were classified as small, intermediate, large, or very large based on OCT quartile measurement of height.

Non-neovascular fluid in age-related macular degeneration: observe-and-extend regimen in a case-series study.

Objective: To describe the course of non-neovascular fluid in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) after anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy or after observation without injections.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Methods: AMD eyes with macular drusen and (or) drusenoid pigment epithelial detachment associated with non-neovascular fluid were included.

Pentosan Polysulfate Sodium-Associated Maculopathy: Early Detection Using OCT Angiography and Choriocapillaris Flow Deficit Analysis.

Purpose: To compare choriocapillaris flow deficit (CC-FD) analysis using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in eyes of patients treated with high cumulative dosages of pentosan polysulfate sodium (PPS) but no signs of retinal toxicity versus healthy age-matched controls.

Design: Retrospective clinical cohort study.

Methods: Patients treated with PPS for interstitial cystitis with a cumulative dose of > 1000 g underwent multimodal imaging screening to exclude evidence of PPS maculopathy or other retinal findings.

RAPID PENTOSAN POLYSULFATE SODIUM MACULOPATHY PROGRESSION.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to report a unique case of pentosan polysulfate sodium (PPS) maculopathy with remarkable rapid progression over 2 years. These findings show the importance of early detection of macular disease to limit toxic exposure and reduce the risk of progression.

Methods: Multimodal retinal imaging including fundus autofluorescence, near-infrared reflectance with pseudocolor, and spectral domain optical coherence tomography was performed in an elderly patient with a history of PPS therapy (cumulative dose of 1,205 g) at baseline and 2 years later.

NINE-YEAR PROGRESSION OF PENTOSAN MACULOPATHY WITH MULTIMODAL RETINAL IMAGING.

Background/purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the characteristic pattern of progression of pentosan polysulfate (PPS) maculopathy with multimodal retinal imaging in two patients, including one with over 9 years of follow-up.

Methods: Two patients with PPS maculopathy were sequentially evaluated with near-infrared reflectance (NIR) and optical coherence tomography.

Results: Near-infrared reflectance showed characteristic centrifugal progression of the parafoveal hyperreflective lesions toward the vascular arcades with the development of hyporeflective areas in both cases.