Current advances in dome-shaped macula and associated conditions.

Dome-shaped macula (DSM) is a distinctive anatomical entity characterized by an inward convexity of the macula, initially described in highly myopic eyes within posterior staphyloma, but it is now recognized as occurring across a broader spectrum of refractive conditions, including mild myopia and even emmetropia. Since its initial description in 2008, advances in imaging technologies and longitudinal studies have significantly improved our understanding of DSM. This review analyzed the recent literature, focusing on publications from the last 10 years.

One-year outcomes of faricimab for neovascular age related macular degeneration with OCT angiography: focus on resistant and refractory cases.

Purpose: To investigate the 12-month effectiveness and safety of intravitreal faricimab (IVF) in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) resistant to previous anti-VEGF treatment.

Methods: Prospective, monocentric study including consecutive patients with resistant/refractory nAMD switched to IVF between July 2023 and November 2024. Primary endpoints were safety, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central subfield thickness (CST), and subfoveal choroidal thickness.

Morphometric Changes In Macular Neovascularization Architecture After Faricimab Treatment In Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Comparison Between Naïve And Switched Eyes.

Purpose: To evaluate the morphometric changes in macular neovascularization (MNV) architecture after faricimab treatment in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD), comparing treatment-naïve and previously treated eyes.

Methods: Prospective study analyzing 45 eyes (18 treatment-naïve, 27 switched) with nAMD undergoing faricimab treatment. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images were exported and the quantification of changes in MNV area, vessel area, vessel density, number of junctions, branching index, total vessel length, endpoints, and lacunarity was performed using AngioTool v0.

The human amniotic membrane in vitreoretinal surgery: Applications, outcomes and limitations.

The human amniotic membrane (hAM) has gained recognition as a valuable biological adjunct in vitreoretinal surgery, with its applications rapidly expanding since its initial use for macular holes (MHs). We examine the development and present applications of hAM in vitreoretinal surgery, assessing its use in treating various pathological conditions such as MHs, retinal detachments (RDs) with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), high myopia-associated MHs with posterior staphyloma, optic pit maculopathy, and other vitreoretinal disorders. We evaluate the differences between cryopreserved and lyophilized hAM preparations and compares outcomes of subretinal and epiretinal placement techniques.

Vitreoretinal interface abnormalities in age-related macular degeneration: Prevalence, pathophysiology, and reciprocal influence.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) represents a leading cause of vision loss worldwide, while vitreoretinal interface (VRI) abnormalities constitute a dynamic boundary where posterior vitreous interacts with the retinal surface. We explore the intricate relationship between VRI abnormalities and AMD, examining prevalence, underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, and their reciprocal influence on disease development, progression, and treatment outcomes. Evidence suggests a higher prevalence of vitreomacular adhesion in exudative versus nonexudative AMD, while complete posterior vitreous detachment may exert protective effects against AMD progression.

The influence of scleral buckle on choroidal architecture: An unexplored link with the spectrum of acquired overload choroidopathy?

Scleral buckling (SB) has been a cornerstone in the surgical management of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment for decades, achieving success rates above 85 %; however, its impact on choroidal architecture and hemodynamics has been less thoroughly explored until recent advancements in ocular imaging techniques. We synthesize current evidence on the effects of SB surgery on choroidal structure and circulation, examining its implications for postoperative complications and exploring a potential link with the newly described spectrum of acquired venous overload choroidopathy (AVOC). Various imaging modalities including indocyanine green angiography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and OCT angiography have demonstrated that SB induces both transient and sometimes persistent alterations in choroidal thickness, blood flow patterns, and vascular morphology, with encircling buckles showing more pronounced and enduring effects than segmental approaches.

Fluid Dynamics and Advanced OCT Biomarkers in Optic Disc Pit Maculopathy: Influence on Visual Outcomes.

Purpose: To characterize sequential pattern of fluid progression in optic disc pit maculopathy (ODP-M), identify threshold values for fluid migration between retinal layers, and determine the prognostic significance of optical coherence tomography (OCT) biomarkers.

Design: Multicenter, retrospective interventional case series.

Methods: Forty-two eyes with ODP-M underwent surgical treatment with follow-up ≥12 months (mean 38.

The Paul Glaucoma Implant: a systematic review of safety, efficacy, and emerging applications.

Purpose: The Paul Glaucoma Implant (PGI) is a novel non-valved glaucoma drainage device designed to lower intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with refractory glaucoma. This systematic review aims to evaluate the current evidence on safety, efficacy, and emerging applications of PGI implantation.

Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted following PRISMA guidelines across PubMed/Medline, Embase, Cochrane, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases up to April 2025.

Influence of posterior staphyloma morphology on macular hole closure patterns in highly myopic eyes.

Purpose: To examine how posterior staphyloma morphology affects macular hole closure patterns in highly myopic eyes.

Methods: Retrospective study analysing 188 highly myopic macular holes (MMH) with axial length ≥ 26.5 mm that underwent surgery with either internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling or inverted flap technique over a 10-year period.

YAG Laser-Assisted Fragmentation of Dexamethasone Implants in the Anterior Chamber.

Purpose: To report efficacy on the use of neodymium yag laser in fragmentating dexamethasone intravitreal implant (Ozurdex, Allergan, Inc, Irvine, CA) migrated in the anterior chamber (AC).

Methods: Multicenter, retrospective, interventional case series of 10 patients treated with Nd:Yag laser following spontaneous migration of dexamethasone implant into the AC.

Results: The Nd:yag laser successfully fragmented the migrated implants in all cases without severe complications.

Recalcitrant Fovea-Involving Macular Fold After Uneventful Epiretinal Membrane Surgery.

Purpose: To describe a case of recalcitrant fovea-involving macular folds developing after uncomplicated epiretinal membrane (ERM) peeling and causing intractable metamorphopsia.

Methods: Case report.

Results: A 22-year-old man with a stage 3 ERM, visual acuity (VA) of 20/100, and a history of scleral buckle underwent pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling.

One-year functional and structural results of faricimab for treatment-naïve neovascular age related macular degeneration: An OCT angiography study.

Purpose: To explore the 1-year functional and anatomic outcomes of treatment-naïve neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) eyes undergoing a treat and extend (TAE) regimen with faricimab, METHODS: Prospective interventional study on 33 eyes with treatment-naïve nAMD undergoing a loading phase of 4 monthly faricimab followed by a TAE regimen. Participants underwent functional assessment and retinal imaging with optical coherence tomography and angiography (OCT/OCTA), at baseline and follow-up visits (V0-V5). Primary outcomes were safety, changes in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central subfield thickness (CST).

Thyroid-related orbitopathy: clinical overview, novel medical treatments and the role of orbital surgery.

Purpose: The aim of our review is to report the thyroid orbitopathy treatments, focusing on novel medicines and ongoing research.

Design: Review developed by a research group at Catholic University of the Sacred Heart.

Methods: Overview of the literature synthesizing the findings of literature retrieved from searches of computerized databases, hand searches and authoritative texts.

Effects of ocular hypothermia: potential perspectives in vitreoretinal surgery.

Purpose: To summarize knowledge about the effects of experimental and iatrogenic hypothermia on ocular structures, with a specific focus on retinal consequences and therapeutical perspectives in vitreoretinal surgery.

Materials And Methods: This review of the literature includes a section on the effects of low temperature on different ocular structures (sclera, choroid, retina, vitreous and ciliary body), a focus on the effect on retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), retinal neurons and inflammation and a section about results of vitreoretinal surgery performed at low temperature. In vitro, animal and human studies were included.

Comparison of effectiveness of geographic atrophy automatic segmentation with different imaging methods.

Purpose: To compare geographic atrophy (GA) size measured with fundus autofluorescence (FAF), near-infrared (N-IR) imaging, retromode (RM) imaging and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) imaging and to compare accuracy of artificial intelligence(AI)-based automatic segmentation of GA with each method.

Methods: Available good quality FAF, N-IR- RM and OCTA images acquired on the same date for each patient diagnosed with GA from 2022 to 2024 were retrospectively collected. Seventy(70)% of the images were used to train a Trainable Weka Segmenter (v 3.

Intravitreal Injections of Cord Blood Platelet-Rich Plasma in Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Regenerative Therapy.

Purpose: Intravitreal injections (IVIs) of umbilical cord blood platelet-rich plasma (CB-PRP) were investigated to assess their safety and efficacy in slowing the progression of atrophy in eyes with late-stage dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Design: Randomized, controlled, prospective study.

Subjects: Patients with AMD aged >65 years and diagnosed with bilateral geographic atrophy were enrolled.

Reading Performances in Highly Myopic Patients and Correlation with the Topography of Atrophic Maculopathy.

Purpose: To evaluate how the topography of atrophic patches influences monocular and binocular reading performances in eyes with pathologic myopia.

Design: Prospective single-center observational investigation.

Participants: Sixty-two patients (112 eyes) affected by pathologic myopia (axial length [AXL] >26.

The spectrum of microcystic macular edema: Pathogenetic insights, clinical entities, and functional prognosis.

Microcystic macular edema (MME) is the presence of small cystoid abnormalities localized in the inner nuclear layer of the retina. First identified in the context of multiple sclerosis, successive reports highlighted the presence of microcystic changes in several optic nerve conditions, such as neuromyelitis optica, optic atrophy from several etiologies, medical retinal diseases such as age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy, and in the postoperative period after epiretinal membrane peeling. Generally, these cysts are not associated with vascular leakage, unlike the more conventional types of macular edema from vascular origin.

Testing the Reliability of ChatGPT Assistance for Surgical Choices in Challenging Glaucoma Cases.

This study's aim is to assess ChatGPT's capability to analyze detailed case descriptions in glaucomatous patients and suggest the best possible surgical treatment. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 60 medical records of surgical glaucoma cases, divided into "ordinary" cases ( = 40) and "challenging" cases ( = 20). We entered every case description into ChatGPT-3.

A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON THE PERIFOVEAL EXUDATIVE VASCULAR ANOMALOUS COMPLEX.

Purpose: The aim of this review was to summarize the most recent investigations on perifoveal exudative vascular anomalous complex (PEVAC) lesions and guide future research of this entity.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of Cochrane Central, PubMed, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases for papers regarding PEVAC, looking for the following keywords: "perifoveal exudative anomalous vascular complex," "PEVAC," "PVAC," "nePVAC," "ePVAC," "deep retinal age-related microvascular anomalies," and "DRAMA.

Radiomic Feature Extraction from OCT Angiography of Idiopathic Epiretinal Membranes and Correlation with Visual Acuity: A Pilot Study.

Purpose: To explore the correlation between radiomics features extracted from OCT angiography (OCTA) of epiretinal membranes (ERMs) and baseline best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA).

Design: Retrospective observational monocentric study.

Participants: Eighty-three eyes affected by idiopathic ERMs, categorized into low (≤70 letters) and high (70 letters) BCVA groups.

Autologous retina transplantation for refractory highly myopic macular holes: a long-term follow-up.

Purpose: To evaluate long-term anatomical and functional outcomes of autologous retinal transplantation (ART) in refractory highly myopic macular holes (HMMHs).

Study Design: Retrospective interventional analysis of 9 eyes with refractory HMMH undergoing ART.

Methods: Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA, Snellen) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were performed at baseline and each follow-up visit (1, 3, 6, 12, 24 months and the most recent).

Longitudinal Progression of Myopic Maculopathy in a Long-Term Follow-Up of a European Cohort: Imaging Features and Visual Outcomes.

Purpose: To evaluate the longitudinal progression of myopic maculopathy in a European cohort of highly myopic patients, analyzing the disease natural history and its impact on visual function.

Design: Retrospective, observational monocentric cohort study.

Participants: The study included 1228 eyes from 781 highly myopic patients with a minimum follow-up time of 5 years.