Genomics in Lung Cancer: A Scoping Review of the Role of ctDNA in Non-Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer in the Prediction of Prognosis After Multimodality Therapeutic Approaches.

: Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), shed into bodily fluids by cancer cells through apoptosis, necrosis, or active secretion, is currently used in the field of genomic investigation in clinical settings, primarily for advanced stages of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, its potential role in guiding the multi-omic approach to early-stage NSCLC is emerging as a promising area of investigation. Efforts are being made to integrate the genomics not only in surgery, but also in the definition of long-term prognosis after surgical or radiotherapy and for the prediction of recurrence.

Radiomic analysis of postmortem lung changes: a PMCT-based approach for estimating the postmortem interval.

This study presents an investigation of the potential of radiomic features extracted from postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) scans of the lungs to provide valuable insights into the postmortem interval (PMI), a crucial parameter in forensic medicine. Sequential PMCT scans were performed on 17 bodies with known times of death, ranging from 4 to 108 h postmortem. Radiomic features were extracted from the lungs, and a mixed-effects model, tailored for sequential data, was employed to assess the relationship between feature values and the PMI.

MRI-based radiomics predicts the pathologic response of colorectal liver metastases to systemic therapy: A multicenter study.

Background: Tumor response to preoperative chemotherapy is a key prognostic factor for colorectal liver metastases (CRLM), but an accurate non-invasive assessment remains an unmet need.

Objective: To assess the contribution of radiomic analysis of preoperative, post-chemotherapy, gadoxetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA)-enhanced MRI to the non-invasive prediction of the pathologic response to systemic therapy of CRLM.

Methods: This retrospective bi-institutional study included all consecutive patients undergoing resection for CRLM (2018-2021) after preoperative oxaliplatin/irinotecan-based chemotherapy.

Lung Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT): Challenging Scenarios and New Frontiers.

Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) has emerged as a pivotal treatment modality for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), offering highly precise, high-dose radiation delivery. However, several clinical challenges remain, particularly in the treatment of central or ultracentral tumors, which are located near critical structures such as the heart, bronchi, and great vessels. The introduction of MRI-guided SBRT has significantly improved targeting precision, allowing for better assessment of tumor motion and adjacent organ structures.

MRI-guided stereotactic body radiation therapy for very elderly patients with primary lung cancer: a retrospective analysis of safety and efficacy profiles.

Purpose: Non-small cell lung cancer is the most common malignancy of the lung, with over 40% of the cases in patients aged 75 years or older. Many of these patients are inoperable due to comorbidities, limiting treatment options. Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) offers a curative alternative, achieving local control (LC) rates similar to surgery with manageable toxicity.

Gender differences in radiotherapy: A critical review.

Introduction: Radiotherapy is an effective anticancer agent. Radiosensitivity varies between individuals. While disparities in radiosensitivity between sex have been well documented, most radiotherapy guidelines and clinical trials do not take into account this important sex/gender factor.

Repositioning Radiation Oncology at the centre of integrated oncology care: A manifesto of the European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology (ESTRO).

Modern oncology increasingly relies on integrated, multimodality care, yet radiation oncology remains undervalued in strategic frameworks despite its central therapeutic role. This ESTRO manifesto calls for a repositioning of radiation oncology as a core discipline in cancer care, scientifically, clinically, and politically. The field now extends beyond beam delivery to encompass systemic therapy integration, personalised strategies based on biology and imaging, and active participation in clinical decision-making and guideline development.

Chronic low dose Sr contamination in : from transcriptional dynamics of epigenetic regulators to population level effects.

The ecotoxicology model plant was exposed for 6 weeks to Sr, simulating the dose rates present in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone (CEZ), in order to understand the effects of chronic low dose ionising radiation exposure. The data suggest that the plant may exhibit temporally variable acclimation responses that can be interpreted as early-, mid-, and long-term phases. Morphological changes included increased area and frond number, while molecular adjustments encompassed variations in pigment levels, glutathione metabolism, and expression modulation of telomerase-related and DNA methylation machinery genes.

Being a radiation oncologist: times of crisis for European graduates.

This study examines the shortage of radiation oncologists in Italy and Europe, analysing systemic challenges in postgraduate training and proposing solutions to enhance the appeal of radiation oncology. A review of literature from Italy and Europe evaluated trends in training programmes, workforce dynamics. Analysis included residency vacancies, economic constraints, training disparities, and visibility of the field during medical education.

Joint ABS/GEC-ESTRO Consensus Statement on the objectives of training in brachytherapy for physicians.

Brachytherapy is an essential skill in the practice of radiation oncology and is an important component of high-quality, full-service radiation oncology departments. With rapidly changing technology, the role of brachytherapy is constantly evolving, but it remains critically important for optimal patient care in several disease sites. As a procedural aspect of radiation oncology practice, brachytherapy requires a fundamentally different and more focused training approach, with specific training objectives, a unique knowledge base, and specialized training environment.

Understanding national Societies' needs and enhancing collaboration with ESTRO: A report of the national Societies survey 2024, on behalf of the ESTRO national Societies committee.

A 57-item survey completed by 72 Radiation Oncology national societies from 41 countries confirms strong engagement with ESTRO, identifies high demand for guidelines, education and digital resources, and reveals 79% interest in joint membership, guiding ESTRO's 2024-26 strategy to strengthen partnerships and optimize cancer care.

Consolidation thoracic radiotherapy after chemoimmunotherapy in ES-SCLC: A multicentric retrospective analysis.

Background: The CREST trial established the benefit of consolidative thoracic radiotherapy (TRT) following first line (1L) chemotherapy in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC), demonstrating improved 2-year overall survival (OS). However, the role of TRT in the chemoimmunotherapy (CT-IO) era remains unclear, as TRT was excluded from registrational trials.

Methods: This retrospective study analysed consecutive patients (pts) with ES-SCLC treated with 1L CT-IO between January 2020 and January 2024 across 4 centres.

Simultaneous integrated boost intensity-modulated radiotherapy for treatment of bone metastases: analysis of a breast cancer cohort.

Background: Bone metastases occur in up to 75% of metastatic breast cancer (MBC) cases. Advances in imaging now allow earlier detection, even during the oligometastatic phase. Radiotherapy (RT) is increasingly used in asymptomatic patients with ≤5 bone lesions, however standardised guidelines for dose and target volumes remain lacking.

Radiomic-based models are able to predict the pathologic response to different neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimens in patients with gastric and gastroesophageal cancer: a cohort study.

Background: There is a clinical need to identify early predictors for response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in patients with gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancer (GC and GEJC). Radiomics involves extracting quantitative features from medical images. This study aimed to apply radiomics to build prediction models for the response to NAC.

The Role of ctDNA for Diagnosis and Histological Prediction in Early Stage Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Narrative Review.

Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) may be released from neoplastic cells into biological fluids through apoptosis, necrosis, or active release. In patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), ctDNA analysis is being introduced in clinical practice only for advanced disease management. Nevertheless, an interesting and promising field of application is the analysis of ctDNA in the management of early stage non-small-cell lung cancer, both for evaluation before treatment, such as diagnosis and screening, and for prediction of histology or pathological features.

An interoperable web-based platform to support health surveillance against latent tuberculosis infection in health care workers and students: The evolution of CROSSWORD study protocol.

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) prevention is a major goal in teaching hospital setting. Because of the possible progression or reactivation of latent disease, the screening of both health-care workers (HCWs) and students is an important issue in the TB control program.

Objective: to deploy a web-based platform interoperating health surveillance systems from different hospitals to define models based on the highlighted risk factors to predict the occurrence of Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI) and to define prevention strategies and interventions.

Role of radiomics in predicting early disease recurrence in locally advanced breast cancer patients: integration of radiomic features and RECIST criteria.

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is a major global health issue with significant heterogeneity among its subtypes. Neoadjuvant treatment (NAT) has been extended to include early BC patients, particularly those with HER2 + and triple-negative subtypes, to achieve pathological complete response and improve long-term outcomes. However, disease recurrence remains a challenge, highlighting the need for predictive biomarkers.

Radiomic Feature Extraction from OCT Angiography of Idiopathic Epiretinal Membranes and Correlation with Visual Acuity: A Pilot Study.

Purpose: To explore the correlation between radiomics features extracted from OCT angiography (OCTA) of epiretinal membranes (ERMs) and baseline best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA).

Design: Retrospective observational monocentric study.

Participants: Eighty-three eyes affected by idiopathic ERMs, categorized into low (≤70 letters) and high (70 letters) BCVA groups.

The Predictive Role of Baseline F-FDG PET/CT Radiomics in Follicular Lymphoma on Watchful Waiting: A Preliminary Study.

: Patients with low tumour burden follicular lymphoma (FL) are managed with an initial watchful waiting (WW) approach. The way to better predict the time-to-treatment (TTT) is still under investigation for its possible clinical impact. This study explored whether radiomic features extracted from baseline F-FDG PET/CT could predict TTT in FL patients on WW.

Augmenting motion artifacts to enhance auto-contouring of complex structures in cone-beam computed tomography imaging.

. To develop an augmentation method that simulates cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) related motion artifacts, which can be used to generate training-data to increase the performance of artificial intelligence models dedicated to auto-contouring tasks.The augmentation technique generates data that simulates artifacts typically present in CBCT imaging.

The predictive power of F-FDG PET/CT two-lesions radiomics and conventional models in classical Hodgkin's Lymphoma: a comparative retrospectively-validated study.

In a previous preliminary study, radiomic features from the largest and the hottest lesion in baseline F-FDG PET/CT (bPET/CT) of classical Hodgkin's Lymphoma (cHL) predicted early response-to-treatment and prognosis. Aim of this large retrospectively-validated study is to evaluate the predictive role of two-lesions radiomics in comparison with other clinical and conventional PET/CT models. cHL patients with bPET/CT between 2010 and 2020 were retrospectively included and randomized into training-validation sets.