Effects of warming and fertilization on nirK-, nirS- and nosZ-type denitrifier communities in paddy soil.

The effects of fertilization on soil denitrifying microorganisms are well-documented. However, the impact of global warming on these microorganisms, particularly regarding the interaction with fertilization, remains poorly understood. Here, a 4-year field warming experiment that included experimental warming (ET) and ambient temperature control (AC), with nitrogen (N) fertilizer applied (CF) or without N fertilizer (CK), was employed to assess the response of the abundance and community of nirK-, nirS- and nosZ- type denitrifiers to warming and fertilization in paddies, and to understand their relationship with potential denitrification rate (PDR).

Reutilization of post-adsorption lanthanum-loaded straw alleviates phosphorus pollution in rice-wheat system: Subsequent performance and underlying mechanisms.

Adsorption technology for phosphorus (P) removal is considered promising and reutilization of post-adsorbent can contribute to promoting sustainable agricultural production. However, the long-lasting impact of the post-adsorbent on crop growth and P remains unclear. This study assessed the effects of P-adsorbed lanthanum-modified straw (La@straw-P) on the rice yield, P fractionation and associated water quality parameters.

[Effects of Straw and Fertilizer Managements on Nitrogen Loss in Rice Cultivation in Taihu Lake Basin].

Nitrogen loss from rice systems is an important source of agricultural non-point source pollution. Many studies revolve around reducing the rate of nitrogen fertilizer application. However, studies examining the characteristics of nitrogen loss in multiple loss paths （runoff, leaching, and lateral seepage） under different straw and fertilizer managements are lacking.

Efficient magnetic capture of PE microplastic from water by PEG modified FeO nanoparticles: Performance, kinetics, isotherms and influence factors.

Due to their resistance to degradation, wide distribution, easy diffusion and potential uptake by organisms, microplastics (MPs) pollution has become a major environmental concern. In this study, PEG-modified FeO magnetic nanoparticles demonstrated superior adsorption efficiency against polyethylene (PE) microspheres compared to other adsorbents (bare FeO, PEI/FeO and CA/FeO). The maximum adsorption capacity of PE was found to be 2203 mg/g by adsorption isotherm analysis.

Treatment of nitrogen and phosphorus from sewage tailwater in paddy rice wetlands: concept and environmental benefits.

Domestic sewage tailwater (DSTW) reuse for crop irrigation is considered a promising practice to reduce water demand, mitigate water pollution, and substitute chemical fertilization. The level of the above environmental benefits of this water reuse strategy, especially when applied to paddy wetlands, remains unclear. In this study, soil column experiments were conducted to investigate the nitrogen and phosphorus fate in paddy wetlands subjected to different tailwater irrigation and drainage strategies, specifically, (i) TW1 and TW2 for regular or enhanced irrigation-drainage without N fertilization, (ii) TW3 and TW4 for regular irrigation with base or tillering N fertilizer, (iii) conventional fertilization N210, and (iv) no-fertilization controls N0.

[Effects of Fertilizer Application Strategy Adjustments on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Loss from Typical Crop Systems in Taihu Lake Region].

The intensity of crop farming fertilizer input is generally high in the Taihu Lake Region, with chemical fertilizer as the main form. Due to inappropriate fertilizer application, nitrogen and phosphorus loss have occurred, causing serious agricultural non-point source pollution. The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China has launched the "zero-growth action for chemical fertilizer use" and "replacement action with organic fertilizer" ("two actions" for short) campaigns since 2015.

Fertilization and Global Warming Impact on Paddy CH Emissions.

Introduction: This study aimed to assess the influence of experimental warming and fertilization on rice yield and paddy methane emissions.

Methods: A free-air temperature increase system was used for the experimental warming treatment (ET), while the control treatment used ambient temperature (AC). Each treatment contained two fertilization strategies, (i) normal fertilization with N, P and K fertilizers (CN) and (ii) without N fertilizer input (CK).

[Effects of Warming and Fertilization on Soil Organic Carbon and Its Labile Components in Rice-wheat Rotation].

Farmland is the important soil carbon pool of terrestrial ecosystems and organic nutrient pool for crop growth. To clarify the impact of climate warming on the soil carbon pool, this study analyzed the effects of warming and fertilization on soil organic carbon and its labile components under rice-wheat rotation using a free-air temperature increase system. The variation in soil carbon pool management index (CPMI) was also evaluated.

[Effect of Deep Fertilization with Slow/Controlled Release Fertilizer on N Fate in Clayey Soil Wheat Field].

Clayey soil seriously affects water-holding capacity and nutrient movement. Adopting appropriate agronomic measures to optimize the distribution of soil inorganic nitrogen (SIN) and reduce the nitrogen (N) loss in this soil is the key to agricultural sustainable development. To clarify the effect of deep fertilization of slow/controlled release fertilizer with sowing on N loss in a clayey soil wheat field, two types of fertilizers, conventional fertilizer (CN) and slow/controlled release fertilizer (RCU), were selected in this study.

Efficient photocatalysis of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC-HCl) from pharmaceutical wastewater using AgCl/ZnO/g-CN composite under visible light: Process and mechanisms.

AgCl/ZnO/g-CN, a visible light activated ternary composite catalyst, was prepared by combining calcination, hydrothermal reaction and in-situ deposition processes to treat/photocatalyse tetracycline hydrochloride (TC-HCl) from pharmaceutical wastewater under visible light. The morphological, structural, electrical, and optical features of the novel photocatalyst were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-visible light absorption spectrum (UV-Vis DRS), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and transient photocurrent techniques. All analyses confirmed that the formation of heterojunctions between AgCl/ZnO and g-CN significantly increase electron-hole transfer and separation compared to pure ZnO and g-CN.

Ammonia volatilization mitigation in crop farming: A review of fertilizer amendment technologies and mechanisms.

Good practices in controlling ammonia produced from the predominant agricultural contributor, crop farming, are the most direct yet effective approaches for mitigating ammonia emissions and further relieving air pollution. Of all the practices that have been investigated in recent decades, fertilizer amendment technologies are garnering increased attention as the low nitrogen use efficiency in most applied quick-acting fertilizers is the main cause of high ammonia emissions. This paper systematically reviews the fertilizer amendment technologies and associated mechanisms that have been developed for ammonia control, especially the technology development of inorganic additives-based complex fertilizers, coating-based enhanced efficiency fertilizers, organic waste-based resource fertilizers and microbial agent and algae-based biofertilizers, and their corresponding mechanisms in farmland properties shifting towards inhibiting ammonia volatilization and enhancing nitrogen use efficiency.

Hydrochar amendments stimulate soil nitrous oxide emission by increasing production of hydroxyl radicals and shifting nitrogen functional genes in the short term: A culture experiment.

The application of waste biomass-derived hydrochar to soil may cause extremely intensive nitrous oxide (NO) fluxes that can challenge our current mechanistic understanding of the global nitrogen cycle in the biosphere. In this study, two waste biomasses were used to prepare cyanobacterial biomas-derived hydrochar (CHC) and wheat straw-derived hydrochar (SHC) for short-term incubation experiments to identify their effects and mechanisms of waste biomass-derived hydrochar on soil NO efflux, with time-series samples collected for NO efflux and soil analysis. The results showed that CHC and SHC caused short-term bursts of NO effluxes without nitrogen inputs.

Phosphate removal from actual wastewater via La(OH)-CN adsorption: Performance, mechanisms and applicability.

In this study, La(OH) nanoparticles were immobilized on CN to effectively restrict their aggregation and subsequently enhance the La utilization efficiency to promote phosphate adsorption. The prepared La(OH)-CN nanocomposite was characterized by SEM, XRD, FTIR, XPS, BET and Zeta potential analysis. Batch and continuously-fed (fixed-bed column) experiments to assess the adsorption performance of La(OH)-CN showed that the composite exhibits superior utilization efficiency, resulting to relatively quick adsorption with a short equilibrium time of 30 min.

Reforming smallholder farms to mitigate agricultural pollution.

China's agriculture is dominated by smallholder farms, which have become major sources of negative environmental impacts including eutrophication, formation of haze, soil acidification and greenhouse gas emissions. To mitigate these environmental impacts, new farming models including family farming, cooperation farming and industrial farming have emerged in recent years. However, whether these new farming practices would improve the economic and environmental performance as compared to the current smallholder farming has yet to be verified on ground level.

Chemical aging of hydrochar improves the Cd adsorption capacity from aqueous solution.

Hydrochar (HC) serves as a promising adsorbent to remove the cadmium from aqueous solution due to porous structure. The chemical aging method is an efficient and easy-operated approach to improve the adsorption capacity of HC. In this study, four chemical aging hydrochars (CAHCs) were obtained by using nitric acid (HNO) with mass fractions of 5% (N5-HC), 10% (N10-HC), and 15% (N15-HC) to age the pristine HC (N0-HC) and remove the Cd from the aqueous solution.

Sustained rice yields and decreased N runoff in a rice-wheat cropping system by replacing wheat with Chinese milk vetch and sharply reducing fertilizer use.

Pollution from the paddy fields has posed a threat to surface water quality, and the reactive N in runoff has been recognized as the dominant contributor. In the rice-wheat systems of eastern China, replacing wheat (Triticum aestivum) with Chinese milk vetch (CMV) (Astragalus sinicus) is known to reduce total fertilizer N use and associated N losses during winter; however, the function of the rice-CMV system in controlling the N runoff loss was overlooked during the summer rice-growing season. Over 6 years, we monitored soil mineral N, plant N accumulation, rice grain yield, N agronomic efficiency (AE), and N runoff in rice-CMV fertilizer N rate-response experiments and made comparisons with the conventional N inputs in rice-wheat rotation.

[Effects of Wheat Straw Hydrochar and Its Modified Product on Rice Yield and Ammonia Volatilization from Paddy Fields].

Hydrochar can mitigate ammonia volatilization when applied in paddy fields due to its acidity and adsorption property. To realize the recycling of agricultural biowaste as well as the control of nutrient loss from paddy fields, a simulation soil-column experiment with wheat straw hydrochar (WHC) and water-washed hydrochar (W-WHC) was conducted to evaluate the performance of rice yield and ammonia volatilization from paddy fields. The results showed that WHC and W-WHC applied in paddy fields both increased the rice yield and the increased effect at low application rate (0.

Effect of fertilization on nitrogen losses through surface runoffs in Chinese farmlands: A meta-analysis.

Surface runoff is the main cause of farmland nitrogen (N) losses in plain areas, which adversely affect water quality. The impact of fertilization on N runoff loss often varies. A meta-analysis was performed using 245 observations from 31 studies in China, to estimate the response of N loss in both paddy and upland fields subjected to different fertilization strategies, and investigate the link between N runoffs, soil properties, as well as precipitation in the planting season.

Nutrient loss by runoff from rice-wheat rotation during the wheat season is dictated by rainfall duration.

Clarifying the properties/features of nutrient loss from farmland surface runoff is essential for the mitigation of nutrient losses. Plough pan formation underneath topsoil is a common feature of long-term paddy soils that significantly affects water movement and nutrient runoff loss, especially during the upland season of paddy-upland rotation. To characterize the nutrients that are lost from wheat fields of paddy-wheat rotation with runoff, a field experiment was conducted in a wheat field using a simulated rainfall system from November 2019 to May 2020 in Nanjing, China.

Co-application of biogas slurry and hydrothermal carbonization aqueous phase substitutes urea as the nitrogen fertilizer and mitigates ammonia volatilization from paddy soil.

Biogas slurry (BS) and bio-waste hydrothermal carbonization aqueous phase (HP) are nutrient-rich wastewater. To prevent environment contamination, transforming BS and HP into synthetic fertilizers in the agricultural field can potentially realize resource utilization. We hypothesized that acidic HP could neutralize alkaline BS, adjusting floodwater pH from 6.

Clay-hydrochar composites mitigated CH and NO emissions from paddy soil: A whole rice growth period investigation.

With the favorable microporous structure and excellent adsorption capacity, clay-hydrochar composites (CHCs) serve as promising materials to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) from the paddy fields. Three clays were co-pyrolyzed with hydrochar derived from poplar sawdust to obtain CHCs, which were applied to the paddy fields to investigate the effects on methane (CH) and nitrous oxide (NO) emissions. Three CHCs were labeled as bentonite-hydrochar composite (BTHC), montmorillonite-hydrochar composite (MTHC), and kaolinite-hydrochar composite (KTHC), respectively.

Effects of long-term fertilization without phosphorus on greenhouse gas emissions from paddy fields.

The strategy of few or no-phosphorus fertilization in rice season but more in wheat season can effectively increase phosphorus use efficiency and reduce phosphorus loss through runoff and leaching. It remains unknown whether the lack of phosphorus will affect greenhouse gas emission in the rice season. We monitored the CH and NO emission fluxes during the growth period of rice treated with normal phosphorus application (NPK) and no-phosphorus application (NK) in two long-term experimental fields in Suzhou and Yixing.

[Effects of Modified Biowaste-based Hydrochar on Rice Yield and Nitrogen Uptake].

Biochar application on farmlands is an efficient way to realize agricultural/forestry biowaste recycling in parallel with carbon sequestration. Recently, hydrochar produced by hydrothermal carbonization processes has attracted attention due to the advantages over conventional pyrolytic production (i.e.

[Effects of Film Materials on Ammonia Volatilization Emissions from a Paddy System After Reducing Nitrogen Fertilizer Application].

Ammonia volatilization emissions constitute the main pathway of nitrogen loss from paddy systems. Present control technologies are based on reducing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied. However, ratio of nitrogen loss through ammonia volatilization emissions has not changed, and it has become a bottleneck for promoting nitrogen use efficiency.