Dexmedetomidine for the treatment of sepsis-associated encephalopathy: Mechanism and prospects.

Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a severe central nervous system complication that is secondary to sepsis and is characterized by a poor prognosis, high mortality, and multiple systemic manifestations. Although the specific etiology remains incompletely understood, SAE typically presents with varying degrees of neurological dysfunction. The complex mechanisms underlying SAE significantly influence patient outcomes.

Mendelian randomization combined with single-cell sequencing data analysis of chemokines and chemokine receptors and key genes and molecular mechanisms associated with epilepsy.

Objective: To explore the functions and potential regulatory mechanisms of chemokine and chemokine receptor (CCR)-related genes in epilepsy.

Methods: CCRs were identified as candidate genes and their causal relationship with epilepsy was rigorously evaluated via Mendelian randomization analysis. Subsequently, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data were analyzed to identify and classify cell clusters into distinct types based on cellular annotation.

Mesenchymal stem cell exosomes therapy for the treatment of traumatic brain injury: mechanism, progress, challenges and prospects.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by brain damage and functional impairment caused by external forces. Under the influence of multiple mechanisms, TBI can cause synaptic dysfunction, protein aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammatory cascade reactions, resulting in a high disability and mortality rate for patients and a heavy burden on families and society. Exosomes are cell-derived vesicles that encapsulate a variety of molecules, including proteins, lipids, mRNAs, and other small biomolecules.

Therapeutic efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on gait and limb balance function in patients with lower limb dysfunction post-cerebral infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: This investigation is designed to evaluate the effects of rTMS and its varying stimulation parameters and target sites on the therapeutic outcomes for post-stroke lower limb motor impairment and balance, with the objective of pinpointing stimulation locations and parameters that are both reasonable and applicable in clinical practice.

Materials And Methods: An exhaustive search was carried out across the PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, and Web of Science databases to identify RCTs that assessed the effectiveness of rTMS in the treatment of lower limb motor impairment following a stroke. Meta-analysis was performed usingR statistical environment (V.

Efficacy of rituximab as second-line therapy for autoimmune encephalitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Approximately 20%-50 % of individuals with autoimmune encephalitis (AE) demonstrate suboptimal responses to first-line therapies, leading to persistent neurological deficits and the need for second-line interventions. Although rituximab has shown potential as an alternative treatment in AE, the existing evidence remains insufficient. This study systematically evaluated and meta-analyzed the efficacy of rituximab in AE patients who either failed or exhibited inadequate responses to first-line treatments, aiming to refine and optimize therapeutic strategies for AE.

Analysis and identification of oxidative stress-ferroptosis related biomarkers in ischemic stroke.

Studies have shown that a series of molecular events caused by oxidative stress is associated with ferroptosis and oxidation after ischemic stroke (IS). Differential analysis was performed to identify differentially expressed mRNA (DEmRNAs) between IS and control groups. Critical module genes were identified using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA).

Identification of key potassium channel genes of temporal lobe epilepsy by bioinformatics analyses and experimental verification.

One of the most prevalent types of epilepsy is temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), which has unknown etiological factors and drug resistance. The detailed mechanisms underlying potassium channels in human TLE have not yet been elucidated. Hence, this study aimed to mine potassium channel genes linked to TLE using a bioinformatic approach.

Hematomyelia associated with coronavirus disease 2019: A rare case report.

Rationale: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can damage the central nervous system. Although there have been reports of cerebral hemorrhage and infarction caused by COVID-19, hematomyelia due to COVID-19 has never been reported.

Patient Concerns: A 40-year-old male was admitted to the hospital with positive nucleic acid detection for COVID-19 after experiencing fever for 2 weeks, urinary retention, fecal retention, and pain in both lower extremities for a week.

Contactin-associated protein-2 and anti-aquaporin-4 antibody positive autoimmune encephalitis secondary to herpes simplex encephalitis: A case report.

Rationale: Recurrent herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) can easily induce autoimmune encephalitis (AE). However, there are few reports of anti-contactin-associated protein-2 (CASPR2)-related encephalitis, especially with positive anti-aquaporin 4 (AQP4) antibodies.

Patient Concerns: A 14-year-old boy was admitted to the Department of Neurology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University for "headache, dizziness, and fever for four days" with positive anti-CASPR2 and anti-AQP4 antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid.

cGAS knockdown promotes microglial M2 polarization to alleviate neuroinflammation by inhibiting cGAS-STING signaling pathway in cerebral ischemic stroke.

Inflammation plays a pivotal role in promoting the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke (IS). Microglia is the major immunocompetent cells involved in different neuropathologies. The activation of cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) and its downstream signaling protein-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is increasingly recognized as a crucial determinant of neuropathophysiology.

Rhodiola rosea suppresses thymus T-lymphocyte apoptosis by downregulating tumor necrosis factor-α-induced protein 8-like-2 in septic rats.

In recent years, several studies have shown that Rhodiola rosea can enhance cellular immunity and humoral immune function in mice, and thus, it has become a research hotspot. However, its underlying mechanism of action has remained elusive. The present study investigated whether Rhodiola rosea was able to downregulate the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α-inducible protein 8-like 2 (TIPE2), thereby inhibiting the expression of apoptotic genes, attenuating T-lymphocyte apoptosis and improving immunity in septic mice.

Nitration activates tyrosine toward reaction with the hydrated electron.

3-Nitrotyrosine has been reported as an important biomarker of oxidative stress that may play a role in a variety of diseases. In this work, transient UV-visible absorption spectra and kinetics observed during the reaction of the hydrated electron, e(aq)(-), with 3-nitrotyrosine and derivatives thereof were investigated. The absorption spectra show characteristics of aromatic nitro anion radicals.

Electroluminescence from ZnO/Si-nanotips light-emitting diodes.

A new and general approach to achieving efficient electrically driven light emission from a Si-based nano p-n junction array is introduced. A wafer-scale array of p-type silicon nanotips were formed by a single-step self-masked dry etching process, which is compatible with current semiconductor technologies. On top of the silicon nanotip array, a layer of n-type ZnO film was grown by pulsed laser deposition.