Sialic acid serves as a functional receptor for grass carp reovirus.

Grass carp reovirus (GCRV) causes hemorrhagic disease and substantial economic losses in the aquaculture of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), a commercially important fish species in China. Although viral entry depends on interactions between viral proteins and host receptors, the specific host molecules mediating this process have not been fully elucidated. Here, we identify cell surface sialic acid (SA) as a critical functional receptor for GCRV.

ATG5 negatively regulates grass carp reovirus-induced immune-inflammatory response by degrading RIG-I and MDA5.

Unlabelled: Grass carp reovirus (GCRV) is the most virulent aquareovirus, inducing hemorrhagic disease that results in significant economic losses for the grass carp aquaculture industry in China. It has been reported that the cytokine storm, resulting from the viral-induced acute immune-inflammatory response, is the primary cause of death associated with viral infections. Therefore, exploring the negative regulatory factors of the immune response may provide important targets for virus prevention and control.

Myriocin Restores Metabolic Homeostasis in dAGE-Exposed Mice via AMPK-PGC1α-Mediated Mitochondrial Activation and Systemic Lipid/Glucose Regulation.

: Diet-derived advanced glycation end products (dAGEs) are closely associated with obesity and metabolic disorders. This study investigates the therapeutic potential of myriocin (Myr), a sphingolipid synthesis inhibitor, in counteracting dAGE-induced obesity and its underlying mechanisms. : Male C57BL/6J wild-type mice were randomly assigned to receive either a low-AGE diet or a high-AGE diet with or without the administration of myriocin for a duration of 24 weeks.

Type II grass carp reovirus utilizes autophagosomes for viroplasm formation and subclinical persistent infection.

Grass carp reovirus (GCRV) is the most virulent pathogen within the genus , belonging to the family . GCRV is categorized into three genotypes, with type II (GCRV-II) being the predominant strain circulating in China. Reoviruses are known to replicate and assemble in cytoplasmic inclusion bodies termed viroplasms; however, information regarding the formation of GCRV-II viroplasms and their specific roles in virus infection remains largely unknown.

Cell surface heparan sulfate is an attachment receptor for grass carp reovirus.

Grass carp reovirus (GCRV) causes hemorrhagic disease in grass carp, leading to significant economic losses in China's aquaculture. However, the cellular receptors responsible for the initiation of GCRV infection remain unclear. This study reveals that cell surface heparan sulfate (HS) acts as a crucial attachment receptor for GCRV.

The 2-aminoadipic acid (2-AAA) regulates grass carp ULK2 to inhibit GCRV replication.

Grass carp is an important commercial fish in China that is plagued by various diseases, especially the hemorrhagic disease induced by grass carp reovirus (GCRV). Autophagy, a highly conserved biological process among eukaryotes, is pivotal in maintaining cellular homeostasis and managing various stressors, including viral infections. Uncoordinated (Unc) 51-like kinase 2 (ULK2) is considered an initiator of the autophagic process.

An improved face attributes editing method based on DDIM.

The main advantage of DDIM is that it guarantees the quality of the generated images while increasing the efficiency of the generation by modifying the sampling strategy in the diffusion process. DiffusionRig, which addresses the problem of maintaining identity consistency by learning the person-specific facial prior in a tiny personalized dataset, is a successful representation of the DDIM strategy. Based on DiffusionRig, in this article, we propose an improved face attributes editing method based on DDIM to improve naturalness and accuracy of editing results in complex face attribute editing tasks and the generalization ability.

Liquid-liquid phase separation is essential for reovirus viroplasm formation and immune evasion.

Unlabelled: Grass carp reovirus (GCRV) is the most virulent pathogen in the genus , belonging to the family . Members of the family are known to replicate and assemble in cytoplasmic inclusion bodies termed viroplasms; however, the detailed mechanism underlying GCRV viroplasm formation and its specific roles in virus infection remains largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that GCRV viroplasms form through liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) of the nonstructural protein NS80 and elucidate the specific role of LLPS during reovirus infection and immune evasion.

Association Between Diabetes Status, Glycaemic Control and Untreated Root Caries Among United States Adults.

Purpose: This study explored the association between self-reported diabetes mellitus, glycaemic control, measured by glycohaemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, and untreated root caries among U.S. adults, exploring the impact of diabetes status and glycaemic control levels on root caries risk.

Neem Leaf Extract Exhibits Anti-Aging and Antioxidant Effects from Yeast to Human Cells.

Neem leaves have long been used in traditional medicine for promoting longevity. However, the precise mechanisms underlying their anti-aging effects remain elusive. In this study, we investigated the impact of neem leaf extract (NLE) extracted from a 50% ethanol solution on the chronological lifespan of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, revealing an extension in lifespan, heightened oxidative stress resistance, and a reduction in reactive oxygen species.

Depression and dental caries in US adults, NHANES 2015-2018.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the link between depression and untreated dental caries among adults in the United States.

Methods: Data were collected from the National Health and Nutrition Survey (2015-2018); respondents aged 20 years or older who completed a patient health questionnaire and underwent a comprehensive oral examination were included. Participants were categorized into three groups according to depressive symptoms as follows: those with no, mild, or moderate to severe depression.

Grass carp peroxiredoxin 5 and 6-mediated autophagy inhibit grass carp reovirus replication and mitigate oxidative stress.

Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) are a family of antioxidant enzymes crucial for shielding cells against oxidative damage from reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, we cloned and analyzed two grass carp peroxiredoxin genes, CiPrx5 and CiPrx6. These genes exhibited ubiquitous expression across all sampled tissues, with their expression levels significantly modulated upon exposure to grass carp reovirus (GCRV).

Grass carp superoxide dismutases exert antioxidant function and inhibit autophagy to promote grass carp reovirus (GCRV) replication.

Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are potent antioxidants crucial for neutralizing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and protecting organisms from oxidative damage. In this study, we successfully cloned and analyzed two SOD genes, CiSOD1 and CiSOD2, from grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus). CiSOD1 consists of two CuZn signature motifs and two conserved cysteine residues, while CiSOD2 contains a single Mn signature motif.

An Improved BM3D Algorithm Based on Image Depth Feature Map and Structural Similarity Block-Matching.

We propose an improved BM3D algorithm for block-matching based on UNet denoising network feature maps and structural similarity (). In response to the traditional BM3D algorithm that directly performs block-matching on a noisy image, without considering the deep-level features of the image, we propose a method that performs block-matching on the feature maps of the noisy image. In this method, we perform block-matching on multiple depth feature maps of a noisy image, and then determine the positions of the corresponding similar blocks in the noisy image based on the block-matching results, to obtain the set of similar blocks that take into account the deep-level features of the noisy image.

Association of Interdental Cleaning and Untreated Root Caries in Adults in the United States of America.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the association between interdental cleaning and untreated root caries amongst middle-aged and older adults in the US.

Materials And Methods: Data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2015-2016 and 2017-2018). Adults aged ≥40 years who underwent full mouth examination and root caries assessment were included.

Inhibition of ferroptosis through regulating neuronal calcium homeostasis: An emerging therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD), a chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disease, generates a serious threat to the health of the elderly. The AD brain is microscopically characterized by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. There are still no effective therapeutic drugs to restrain the progression of AD though much attention has been paid to exploit AD treatments.

Grass Carp Reovirus Induces Formation of Lipid Droplets as Sites for Its Replication and Assembly.

Grass carp is an important commercial fish in China that is plagued by various diseases, especially the hemorrhagic disease induced by grass carp reovirus (GCRV). Nevertheless, the mechanism by which GCRV hijacks the host metabolism to complete its life cycle is unclear. In this study, we performed lipidomic analysis of grass carp liver samples collected before and after GCRV infection.

Hydrogen sulfide protects retinal pigment epithelium cells against ferroptosis through the AMPK- and p62-dependent non-canonical NRF2-KEAP1 pathway.

Oxidative stress-induced ferroptosis of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells contributes to retinal degenerative diseases. The antioxidant molecule hydrogen sulfide (HS) regulates oxidative stress response, but its effect on the ferroptosis of RPE cells is unclear. In this study, sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) was used as an exogenous HS donor to intervene tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced ferroptosis of APRE-19 cells.

Inhibitory Effects of Myriocin on Non-Enzymatic Glycation of Bovine Serum Albumin.

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are the compounds produced by non-enzymatic glycation of proteins, which are involved in diabetic-related complications. To investigate the potential anti-glycation activity of Myriocin (Myr), a fungal metabolite of , the effect of Myr on the formation of AGEs resulted from the glycation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and the interaction between Myr and BSA were studied by multiple spectroscopic techniques and computational simulations. We found that Myr inhibited the formation of AGEs at the end stage of glycation reaction and exhibited strong anti-fibrillation activity.

Grass Carp Prx 3 Elevates Host Antioxidant Activity and Induces Autophagy to Inhibit Grass Carp Reovirus (GCRV) Replication.

Peroxiredoxins are a family of antioxidant proteins that protect cells from oxidative damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Herein, the peroxiredoxin 3 gene from grass carp (), named , was cloned and analyzed. The full-length cDNA of is 1068 bp long, with a 753 bp open reading frame (ORF) that contains a thioredoxin-2 domain, two peroxiredoxin signature motifs, and two highly conserved cysteine residues.

Systematic assessment of microRNAs associated with lung cancer and physical exercise.

It has long been evident that physical exercise reduces the risk of cancer and improves treatment efficacy in tumor patients, particularly in lung cancer (LC). Several molecular mechanisms have been reported, but the mechanisms related to microRNAs (miRNAs) are not well understood. MiRNAs modulated various basic biological processes by negatively regulating gene expression and can be transmitted between cells as signaling molecules.

Pharmacological inhibition of sphingolipid synthesis reduces ferroptosis by stimulating the HIF-1 pathway.

Ferroptosis is crucial to the pathology of many neurological diseases. Here, we found pre-treatment with myriocin, an inhibitor of synthesis of sphingolipid, significantly decreased the erastin- or glutamate-induced ferroptosis of HT22 cells without requiring the recovery of intracellular glutathione. The transcriptome analysis of HT22 cells treated with or without myriocin identified the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) pathway as a prime and novel drug target.

Activation of Atg7-dependent autophagy by a novel inhibitor of the Keap1-Nrf2 protein-protein interaction from Pursh. attenuates 6-hydroxydopamine-induced ferroptosis in zebrafish and dopaminergic neurons.

The death of dopaminergic neurons is a dominant factor during the occurrence and development of Parkinson's disease (PD). Previous studies demonstrated that ferroptosis is implicated in the death of dopaminergic neurons. Besides, polyphenols have been proven to be effective in preventing the death of dopaminergic neurons.

Genome-wide DNA methylation reveals potential epigenetic mechanism of age-dependent viral susceptibility in grass carp.

Background: Grass carp are an important farmed fish in China that are infected by many pathogens, especially grass carp reovirus (GCRV). Notably, grass carp showed age-dependent susceptibility to GCRV; that is, grass carp not older than one year were sensitive to GCRV, while those over three years old were resistant to this virus. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear.

Spatial co-location pattern mining based on the improved density peak clustering and the fuzzy neighbor relationship.

Spatial co-location pattern mining discovers the subsets of spatial features frequently observed together in nearby geographic space. To reduce time and space consumption in checking the clique relationship of row instances of the traditional co-location pattern mining methods, the existing work adopted density peak clustering to materialize the neighbor relationship between instances instead of judging the neighbor relationship by a specific distance threshold. This approach had two drawbacks: first, there was no consideration in the fuzziness of the distance between the center and other instances when calculating the local density; second, forcing an instance to be divided into each cluster resulted in a lack of accuracy in fuzzy participation index calculations.