Stimulus onset asynchrony modulates stimuli-driven and goal-directed attention to internal representations.

Visual selection for external stimuli, guided by a cue that prioritizes goal-related as well as feature matching stimuli, is modulated by stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) after the cue. However, whether or not the modulation effect of SOA can occur when attention is directed to internal representations in working memory remains unclear. In two experiments, we explored the influences of SOA after a retrospective cue (retro-cue) that simultaneously incurs goal-directed and stimulus-driven priority on internal attention to working memory representations during orientation (Experiment 1) and color (Experiment 2) reproducing tasks.

Common and specific neural correlates underlying creative generation and evaluation: An ALE meta-analysis study.

The cognitive process underlying creative thinking is often conceptualized within a dual-state model, dividing it into generation and evaluation sub-processes. The generation process primarily involves the reorganization of existing knowledge to foster novel ideas, which are subsequently assessed for novelty and appropriateness during the evaluation process. Although these processes likely engage distinct cognitive components and neural mechanisms, there is a paucity of neuroimaging studies directly comparing them.

Purification and characterization of cellulase produced by Bacillus sp. HMM.

Cellulose is long-chain glucose polymer, which is linked by β-1,4-glycosidic bond. Its degradation relies on the synergistic action of multi-component cellulase system, including endoglucanase, exoglucanase and β-glucosidase. Cellulase hydrolyzes cellulose to produce glucose through the sequential reactions.

Serum Ferritin Levels in Pregnancy and Their Association with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Prospective Longitudinal Study.

Objective: Elevated serum ferritin (SF) levels are associated with oxidative stress (OS) and systemic inflammation in various disorders. However, the changes in SF levels during pregnancy and their relationship with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and blood glucose levels are not well understood.

Methods: This prospective longitudinal study included 390 participants (130 GDM cases and 260 controls) during early pregnancy.

The effect of cue probe interval on internal attention: Evidence from event-related potentials.

Compelling evidence indicated shared cognitive mechanisms underpinning attention in both the external and internal domains. Typically, both external attention and internal attention are vulnerable to biases from intended goals and stimulus features. However, it is still unclear whether the temporal characteristics of the relationship between goal-directed and stimulus-driven external attention could be observed in internal attention.

Corrigendum to "Neural correlates of basketball proficiency: An MRI study across skill levels" [J Exerc Sci Fit 23 (1), (2025), 14-20].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.

Honesty threshold affects individuals' resistance to monetary temptations.

This study investigated whether honesty is a stable trait or varies depending on situational factors. Using a coin flip guessing paradigm with monetary rewards, 33 participants completed trials with rewards ranging from 0.01 to 3 yuan.

Neural correlates of basketball proficiency: An MRI study across skill levels.

Background: Basketball is an attractive sport required both cooperative and antagonistic motor skills. However, the neural mechanism of basketball proficiency remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the brain functional and structural substrates underlying varying levels of basketball capacity.

Neural divergence between individuals with and without minor depression during dynamic emotion processing: a movie-fMRI Study.

Research on the neuropathological mechanisms underlying minor depression (MD), particularly in individuals with a history of recurrent minor depressive episodes, is very limited. This study focuses on the abnormality in processing real-life emotional stimuli among individuals with MD. Thirty-two individuals with MD and 31 normal controls (NC) were recruited and underwent comprehensive clinical interview, cognitive assessment, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans.

The Critical Trigger for Cognitive Penetration: Cognitive Processing Priority over Perceptual Processing.

The visual perception system of humans is susceptible to cognitive influence, which implies the existence of cognitive perception. However, the specifical trigger for cognitive penetration is still a matter of controversy. The current study proposed that the cognitive processing priority over perceptual processing might be critical for inducing cognitive penetration.

Distribution of Antibiotic-Resistant Genes in Intestines of Infants and Influencing Factors.

The objective of this study is to assess the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) in the intestines of infants and the factors affecting their distribution. Breast milk and infant stool samples were collected from nine full-term, healthy mother-infant pairs. The bacterial distribution and various types of ARGs present in the samples were analyzed using metagenomic next-generation sequencing.

Combined effects of nitrogen limitation and overexpression of malic enzyme gene on lipid accumulation in Dunaliella parva.

Overexpression of Dunaliella parva (D. parva) malic enzyme (ME) gene (DpME) significantly increased DpME expression and ME enzyme activity in transgenic D. parva.

Do Human Assertions Really Adhere Strictly to Norms? The Effect of Threatening Content in Information on Personalized Norm Perception.

Assertion is the use of declarative sentences to convey information, which necessitates meeting the "justified-belief norm" as a prerequisite. However, a significant amount of misinformation that did not meet these conditions was spread during COVID-19, leading to a reintroduction of the assertion norm. One possible hypothesis is that the threatening content of the misinformation influenced the perception of the norm.

Emotional contextual effects of face perception: a test of the affective realism hypothesis.

Affective feelings naturally infuse individuals' perceptions, serving as valid windows onto the real world. The further explains how these feelings work: as properties of individuals' perceptual experiences, these feelings influence perception. Notably, this hypothesis based on affective feelings with different valences has been substantiated, whereas the existing evidence is not compelling enough.

Concurrent attention to hetero-depth surfaces in 3-D visual space is governed by theta rhythm.

When simultaneously confronted with multiple attentional targets, visual system employs a time-multiplexing approach in which each target alternates for prioritized access, a mechanism broadly known as rhythmic attentional sampling. For the past decade, rhythmic attentional sampling has received mounting support from converging behavioral and neural findings. However, so compelling are these findings that a critical test ground has been long overshadowed, namely the 3-D visual space where attention is complicated by extraction of the spatial layout of surfaces extending beyond 2-D planes.

The influence of methods of selecting concepts of an expository text on different reading representations' predictive ability.

In this study, we compared two experimental methods of selecting terms in expository text to generate reading representations and tested how well these reading representations predicted reading comprehension. The two experimental methods were the traditional method of using all terms (all keywords) to create participants' representation networks, and the terms categorization (TC) method of using only important terms (core and branch words). Representation networks were assessed using participants' adjacency scores, ratings of relatedness in pairs of terms, and using summary (summary writing) by all turms.

Optimization of Molasses and Soybean Meal Content to Enhance Tetramethylpyrazine Yield by sp. TTMP20.

Microbial fermentation for the production of tetramethylpyrazine (TTMP) is considered to be the most promising method, and the development of a cheap fermentation substrate is of great importance for large-scale TTMP production. In this study, inexpensive by-products from the food industry, i.e.

Construction of a reading literacy test item bank for fourth graders based on item response theory.

Introduction: Reading literacy is not only central to students' academic success during their school years but also crucial to their personal development in their later life. The development of assessment instruments for reading literacy has been of interest to researchers, educators and educational administrators. The purpose of the present study was to construct and validate a comparable item bank for assessing fourth-grade students' reading literacy.

Modality-dependent distortion effects of temporal frequency on time perception.

Time perception has been known to depend on the temporal frequency of the stimulus. Previously, the effect of temporal frequency modulation was assumed to be monotonically lengthening or shortening. However, this study shows that temporal frequency affects time perception in a non-monotonic and modality-dependent manner.

ROS-responsive self-activatable photosensitizing agent for photodynamic-immunotherapy of cancer.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT), as a non-invasive and spatiotemporally controllable modality, exhibits great potential in cancer treatment. However, the efficiency of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was restricted to the hydrophobic characteristics and aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) of photosensitizers. Herein, we designed a ROS self-activatable nano system (denoted as PTKPa) based on poly(thioketal) conjugated with photosensitizers (PSs) pheophorbide A (Ppa) on the polymer side chains for suppressing ACQ and enhancing PDT.

The Influence of Emotional Experience on Semantic Processing of Concrete Concepts.

Introduction: Parallel distributed processing theory (PDP theory) holds that all brain regions involved in conceptual representation perform a series of activities at the same time. However, the role of emotional experience information in concrete conceptual representation is still unknown. This study further explores whether the emotional experience will also affect the semantic processing of concrete concept representations.

Achievement Emotions in Selective Schools: Reexamining the Happy-Fish-Little-Pond Effect in an Extreme Case from the Chinese Collectivist Context.

Achievement emotions, defined as the emotions generated in the academic process or by achievement results, are critical for an individual's mental health, personality development, and academic productivity. Referring to the well-known big-fish-little-pond effect on academic self-concept, which describes the well-known phenomenon that students in selective schools/classes tend to have lower academic self-concepts than those who are comparably competent but attend regular schools/classes, Pekrun and colleagues focused on German students and proposed a similar happy-fish-little-pond effect on achievement emotions in 2019. In our paper, we examined whether this effect exists in extreme cases.