Association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and the risk of dementia: A nationwide cohort study.

Background And Aims: Little is known about the association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and dementia. Given that hepatic steatosis is linked to abnormal fat metabolism, and fat dysregulation in the brain is related to dementia, we aimed to investigate whether NAFLD is associated with an increased risk of dementia.

Methods: We conducted a nationwide cohort study involving 4 031 948 subjects aged 40-69 years who underwent ≥2 health check-ups provided by the National Health Insurance Service in Korea between January 2004 and December 2007.

Cilostazol Versus Aspirin on White Matter Changes in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background And Purpose: Cerebral small vessel disease is characterized by progressive cerebral white matter changes (WMCs). This study aimed to compare the effects of cilostazol and aspirin on changes in WMC volume in patients with cerebral small vessel disease.

Methods: In a multicenter, double-blind, randomized controlled trial, participants with moderate or severe WMCs and at least one lacunar infarction detected on brain magnetic resonance imaging were randomly assigned to the cilostazol and aspirin groups in a 1:1 ratio.

Association Between Plasma Amyloid-β and Neuropsychological Performance in Patients With Cognitive Decline.

To investigate the association between plasma amyloid-β (Aβ) levels and neuropsychological performance in patients with cognitive decline using a highly sensitive nano-biosensing platform. We prospectively recruited 44 patients with cognitive decline who underwent plasma Aβ analysis, amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) scanning, and detailed neuropsychological tests. Patients were classified into a normal control (NC, = 25) or Alzheimer's disease (AD, = 19) group based on amyloid PET positivity.

Screening for cerebral amyloid angiopathy based on serological biomarkers analysis using a dielectrophoretic force-driven biosensor platform.

We aimed to analyze plasma amyloid-β (Aβ) and Aβ using a highly sensitive dielectrophoretic-driven biosensor platform to demonstrate the possibility of precise cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) diagnosis in participants classified according to Aβ-positron emission tomography (PET) positivity and the neuroimaging criteria for CAA. We prospectively recruited 25 people with non-Alzheimer's disease (non-AD) and 19 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), which were further classified into the CAA- and CAA+ (possible and probable CAA) groups according to the modified Boston criteria. Patients underwent plasma Aβ analysis using a highly sensitive nano-biosensor platform, Aβ-PET scanning, and detailed neuropsychological testing.

Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein-Immunoglobulin G in the CSF: Clinical Implication of Testing and Association With Disability.

Background And Objective: To investigate the clinical relevance of CSF myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-immunoglobulin G (MOG-IgG) testing in a large multicenter cohort.

Methods: In this multicenter cohort study, paired serum-CSF samples from 474 patients with suspected inflammatory demyelinating disease (IDD) from 11 referral hospitals were included. After serum screening, patients were grouped into seropositive myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody associated disease (MOGAD, 31), aquaporin-4-IgG-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4-IgG + NMOSD, 60), other IDDs (217), multiple sclerosis (MS, 45), and non-IDDs (121).

Development and evaluation of a T1 standard brain template for Alzheimer disease.

Background: Patients with Alzheimer disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) have high variability in brain tissue loss, making it difficult to use a disease-specific standard brain template. The objective of this study was to develop an AD-specific three-dimensional (3D) T1 brain tissue template and to evaluate the characteristics of the populations used to form the template.

Methods: We obtained 3D T1-weighted images from 294 individuals, including 101 AD, 96 amnestic MCI, and 97 cognitively normal (CN) elderly individuals, and segmented them into different brain tissues to generate AD-specific brain tissue templates.

Delirium caused by topical administration of cyclopentolate for cataract surgery in mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease: A case report.

Rationales: Cholinergic modification by anticholinergic medication can produce adverse effects in central nervous system (CNS) and cyclopentolate is an antimuscarinic agent widely used for ophthalmologic management. We demonstrate a rare case of hyperactive delirium caused by topical administration of cyclopentolate in a patient with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Patient Concerns: A 74-year-old man showed acute confusion after preparation for cataract operation in day surgery clinic.

Added Value of Chemical Exchange-Dependent Saturation Transfer MRI for the Diagnosis of Dementia.

Objective: Chemical exchange-dependent saturation transfer (CEST) MRI is sensitive for detecting solid-like proteins and may detect changes in the levels of mobile proteins and peptides in tissues. The objective of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of chemical exchange proton pools using the CEST MRI technique in patients with dementia.

Materials And Methods: Our institutional review board approved this cross-sectional prospective study and informed consent was obtained from all participants.

Parosmia in Right-lateralized Semantic Variant Primary Progressive Aphasia: A Case Report.

Parosmia, defined as the distorted perception of an odor stimulus, has been reported to be associated with head trauma, upper respiratory tract infections, sinonasal diseases, and toxin/drug consumption. To date, little is known about parosmia in right-lateralized semantic variant primary progressive aphasia. A 60-year-old right-handed man presented with a 2-year history of parosmia and prosopagnosia.

Association between ε2 and Aβ burden in patients with Alzheimer- and vascular-type cognitive impairment.

Objective: To investigate the association between genotype and β-amyloid (Aβ) burden, as measured by PET in patients with subcortical vascular cognitive impairment (SVCI) and those with Alzheimer disease-related cognitive impairment (ADCI).

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 310 patients with SVCI and 999 with ADCI. To evaluate the effects of genotype or diagnostic group on Aβ positivity, we performed multivariate logistic regression analyses.

Interactive Effects of Apolipoprotein E ε4 and Triiodothyronine on Memory Performance in Patients With Subjective Cognitive Decline.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the associations between thyroid hormones, cognitive performance, and apolipoprotein E () genotype in euthyroid patients with subjective cognitive decline (SCD). We recruited 197 euthyroid patients that fulfilled the criteria for SCD. All participants were classified into ε4 carriers and non-carriers based on the presence of the ε4 allele.

Cognition enhancing effect of panax ginseng in Korean volunteers with mild cognitive impairment: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

This study aimed to investigate the cognition-enhancing effect of Panax ginseng. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted to address the cognition-enhancing effects of Panax ginseng. A total of 90 Korean volunteers with mild cognitive impairment participated in this study.

A Comparison Study of Cilostazol and Aspirin on Changes in Volume of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease White Matter Changes: Protocol of a Multicenter, Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background And Purpose: Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is the most common cause of vascular dementia and a major contributor to mixed dementia. CSVD is characterized by progressive cerebral white matter changes (WMC) due to chronic low perfusion and loss of autoregulation. In addition to its antiplatelet effect, cilostazol exerts a vasodilating effect and improves endothelial function.

Differences in neuroimaging features of early- versus late-onset nonfluent/agrammatic primary progressive aphasia.

This study investigated distinct neuroimaging features measured by cortical thickness and subcortical structural shape abnormality in early-onset (EO, onset age <65 years) and late-onset (LO, onset age ≥65 years) nonfluent/agrammatic variant of primary progressive aphasia (nfvPPA) patients. Cortical thickness and subcortical structural shape analyses were performed using a surface-based method from 38 patients with nfvPPA and 76 cognitively normal individuals. To minimize the effects of physiological aging, we used W-scores in comparisons between the groups.

Distinct Brain Regions in Physiological and Pathological Brain Aging.

Background: Studying structural brain aging is important to understand age-related pathologies, as well as to identify the early manifestations of the Alzheimer's disease (AD) continuum. In this study, we investigated the long-term trajectory of physiological and pathological brain aging in a large number of participants ranging from the 50s to over 80 years of age.

Objective: To explore the distinct brain regions that distinguish pathological brain aging from physiological brain aging using sophisticated measurements of cortical thickness.

Trajectories of Physiological Brain Aging and Related Factors in People Aged from 20 to over-80.

Background/objective: In this study, we investigated a long-term trajectory of brain aging (from the 20 s to over-80) in cognitively normal (CN) individuals. We further determined whether differences in sex, education years, and apolipoprotein E ε 4 status affect age-related cortical thinning.

Methods: A total of 2,944 CN individuals who underwent high-resolution (3.

Prediction Models of Cognitive Trajectories in Patients with Nonamnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment.

To evaluate prediction models of cognitive trajectories in patients with nonamnestic mild cognitive impairment (naMCI) using group-based trajectory analysis, we evaluated 121 patients with naMCI who underwent at least their first three yearly assessments. Group-based trajectory models were used to classify cognitive trajectories based on Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes scores over four years in patients with naMCI. A total of 22 patients (18.

Erratum to: Prognosis of Patients with Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia Who have Focal Versus Diffuse Frontal Atrophy.

This corrects the article on p. 234 in vol. 13, PMID: 28748674.

Diagonal Earlobe Crease is a Visible Sign for Cerebral Small Vessel Disease and Amyloid-β.

We investigated the frequency and clinical significance of diagonal earlobe crease (DELC) in cognitively impaired patients using imaging biomarkers, such as white matter hyperintensities (WMH) on MRI and amyloid-β (Aβ) PET. A total of 471 cognitively impaired patients and 243 cognitively normal (CN) individuals were included in this study. Compared with CN individuals, cognitively impaired patients had a greater frequency of DELC (OR 1.

Prognosis of Patients with Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia Who have Focal Versus Diffuse Frontal Atrophy.

Background And Purpose: Only a few studies have investigated the relationship between different subtypes and disease progression or prognosis in patients with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD). Since a localized injury often produces more focal signs than a diffuse injury, we hypothesized that the clinical characteristics differ between patients with bvFTD who show diffuse frontal lobe atrophy (D-type) on axial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans versus those with focal or circumscribed frontal lobe atrophy (F-type).

Methods: In total, 94 MRI scans (74 scans from bvFTD and 20 scans from age-matched normal controls) were classified into 35 D- and 39 F-type bvFTD cases based on an axial MRI visual rating scale.

Venous infarction mimicking top of basilar syndrome; An uncommon complication of adult influenza infection.

Influenza infection increases the risk of ischemic stroke. Here, we represent a case of a 32year-old female who presented with acutely developed altered mental status after influenza A infection. The clinical manifestation and initial lesion on brain DWI mimicked top of basilar syndrome, but without an arterial occlusion or stenosis.

Coronary artery calcium is associated with cortical thinning in cognitively normal individuals.

To evaluate the association between coronary artery calcium (CAC) and cortical thickness in a large sample of cognitively normal individuals, with special emphasis in determining if the association thickness has regional brain specificity and if it is mediated by white matter hyperintensities (WMH). A total of 512 participants were included in this study. CAC scores were assessed by multi-detector computed tomography.

Non-ketotic hyperglycaemia presenting as epilepsia partialis continua.

Epilepsia partialis continua is a rare epileptic syndrome observed in patients with brain structural lesions and metabolic disorders. We report a patient with non-ketotic hyperglycaemia presenting as epilepsia partialis continua with reversible focal brain lesions. An 83-year-old woman visited our hospital due to sudden and repetitive left facial twitching lasting for two days.