Palbociclib plus endocrine therapy versus capecitabine in premenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer (Young-PEARL): overall survival analysis of a randomised, open-label, phase 2 study.

Background: The phase 2 randomised Young-PEARL study demonstrated that palbociclib plus exemestane with ovarian function suppression significantly prolonged progression-free survival compared with capecitabine in premenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer. Here, we report results of the protocol-specified secondary endpoint of overall survival.

Methods: Young-PEARL was a multicentre, randomised, open-label, phase 2 study conducted at 14 institutions in South Korea.

Erratum: Prevalence of Severe Atopic Dermatitis and Comorbid Chronic Systemic Diseases Is Increasing in Korean Children and Adolescents.

This corrects the article on p. 300 in vol. 16, PMID: 38910287.

Overview of clinical study designs.

The goal of a clinical study is to determine the factors associated with a disease and to assess the efficacy and safety of an investigational drug, procedure, or device. Since clinical study designs vary due to unique requirements of individual studies, the aims of this report are to educate researchers on the different types of studies and to assist researchers in choosing the optimal study type to fulfill their individual requirements. Clinical studies are classified into the two main types, observational studies and clinical trials, depending on the presence or absence of an intervention.

Spatial variations in aromatic hydrocarbon emission in a dust-rich galaxy.

Dust grains absorb half of the radiation emitted by stars throughout the history of the universe, re-emitting this energy at infrared wavelengths. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are large organic molecules that trace millimetre-size dust grains and regulate the cooling of interstellar gas within galaxies. Observations of PAH features in very distant galaxies have been difficult owing to the limited sensitivity and wavelength coverage of previous infrared telescopes.

Influence of antidepressant treatment on SLC6A4 methylation in Korean patients with major depression.

Genetic variation of the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) has been suggested as potential mediator for antidepressant response in patients with depression. This study aimed to determine whether DNA methylation in SLC6A4 changes after antidepressant treatment and whether it affects treatment response in patients with depression. Overall, 221 Korean patients with depression completed 6 weeks of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) monotherapy.

The curve not taken: Effects of COVID-19 international comparison news.

International news can inform people not only about what is happening in other countries, but also about how their own country could benefit from policies that have proved successful elsewhere. Specifically, international policy comparison news, or news that compares the policies of two or more countries on the same issue, is a potentially important but underutilized and understudied form of news content. We use an experiment to test effects of exposure to news comparing the COVID-19 pandemic policies of the U.

Vasoactive inotropic score as a predictor of long-term mortality in patients after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting.

Increased vasoactive-inotropic score (VIS) is a reliable predictor of mortality and morbidity after cardiac surgery. Here, we retrospectively evaluated the association between VIS and adverse outcomes in adult patients after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB). We included 2149 patients who underwent OPCAB.

Online Learning versus Hands-On Learning of Basic Ocular Ultrasound Skills: A Randomized Controlled Non-Inferiority Trial.

Background and objectives: Ocular ultrasound is a core application of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) to assist physicians in promptly identifying various ocular diseases at the bedside; however, hands-on POCUS training is challenging during a pandemic. Materials and Methods: A randomized controlled non-inferiority trial was conducted in an academic emergency department from October 2020 to April 2021. Thirty-two participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups.

Endocrine and Metabolic Illnesses in Young Adults with Prader-Willi Syndrome.

Prader−Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by an insatiable appetite that leads to morbid obesity. Previous studies reported health problems in adults with PWS. However, studies on younger adults are lacking, and there are no specific studies of endocrine and metabolic illness in this age group.

Cerebrovascular reactivity and deep white matter hyperintensities in migraine: A prospective CO targeting study.

Several studies suggested the association of migraine with deep white matter hyperintensities (WMHs). We aimed to explore the cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR), deep WMH burden, and their association in patients with migraine using a state-of-the-art methodology. A total of 31 patients with migraine without aura and 31 age/sex-matched controls underwent 3T MRI with prospective end-tidal carbon dioxide (CO) targeting.

Dietary Diversity during Early Infancy Increases Microbial Diversity and Prevents Egg Allergy in High-Risk Infants.

We aimed to investigate associations of dietary diversity (DD) with gut microbial diversity and the development of hen's egg allergy (HEA) in infants. We enrolled 68 infants in a high-risk group and 32 infants in a control group based on a family history of allergic diseases. All infants were followed from birth until 12 months of age.

Dealing with the COVID-19 crisis: Theoretical application of social media analytics in government crisis management.

Little theory-grounded research addresses how to use social media strategically in government public relations through machine learning. To fill this gap, we propose a way to optimize social media analytics to manage issues and crises by using the framework of attribution theory to analyze 360,861 tweets. In particular, we examined the attribution of crisis responsibility related to the spread of COVID-19 and its relations to the negative emotions of U.

Development of prediction models for distinguishable cognitive trajectories in patients with amyloid positive mild cognitive impairment.

The clinical outcomes of patients with amyloid beta-positive (Aβ+) mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are heterogeneous. We therefore developed prediction models for distinguishable cognitive trajectories in Aβ+ participants with MCI. We included 238 Aβ+ participants with MCI from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative to develop a group-based trajectory model and 63 Aβ+ participants with MCI from the Samsung Medical Center for external validation.

Impact of Insurance Benefits and Education on Point-of-Care Ultrasound Use in a Single Emergency Department: An Interrupted Time Series Analysis.

: Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is a useful tool that helps clinicians properly treat patients in emergency department (ED). This study aimed to evaluate the impact of specific interventions on the use of POCUS in the ED. : This retrospective study used an interrupted time series analysis to assess how interventions changed the use of POCUS in the emergency department of a tertiary medical institute in South Korea from October 2016 to February 2021.

Bone-density testing interval and transition to osteoporosis in differentiated thyroid carcinoma patients on TSH suppression therapy.

Objective: Thyrotropin (TSH) suppression therapy is a standard treatment after surgery for differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). It may be associated with osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. However, there are no guidelines for bone mineral density (BMD) testing intervals to screen for osteoporosis in these patients.

Factors Contributing to the Severity and Laterality of Pisa Syndrome in Parkinson's Disease.

Pisa syndrome (PS) is a disabling postural deformity in Parkinson's disease (PD). We aimed to elucidate clinical factors determining the severity and laterality of PS in PD. In 54 PD patients with PS, we measured the clinical factors that are previously known to contribute to the occurrence of PS as follows: asymmetry of motor symptoms for the evaluation of asymmetric basal ganglia dysfunction, the degree and direction of subjective visual vertical (SVV) tilt for the misperception of body verticality, the canal paresis for unilateral peripheral vestibulopathy, and the tonic electromyographic (EMG) hyperactivity of paraspinal muscles for dystonia.

Discontinuation of Azathioprine could be considered in pediatric patients with Crohn's disease who have sustained clinical and deep remission.

Few studies have demonstrated treatment strategies about the duration and cessation of medications in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). We investigated factors affecting clinical relapse after infliximab (IFX) or azathioprine (AZA) withdrawal in pediatric patients with CD on combination therapy. Pediatric patients with moderate-to-severe CD receiving combination therapy were analyzed retrospectively and factors associated with clinical relapse were investigated.

Effects of smartphone application-based cognitive training at home on cognition in community-dwelling non-demented elderly individuals: A randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: We investigated whether cognitive function improves in elderly individuals after Application-based Cognitive Training at Home (ACTH) for 12 months.

Methods: A total of 389 non-demented elderly volunteers aged over 60 years were recruited and randomly assigned to the intervention or control group. The intervention group underwent daily ACTH (with regular feedback from the administrator) and monthly offline cognitive training in groups for 12 months.

Clinical Outcomes of Hepatitis B Virus-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients with Undetectable Serum HBV DNA Levels.

Background And Aims: Some hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients show undetectable serum HBV DNA levels at HCC diagnosis. The risk of HBV reactivation and its impact on clinical outcomes are not well-unknown.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included a total of 985 HBV-related HCC patients with undetectable serum HBV DNA levels (< 12 IU/mL) at HCC diagnosis (112 were antiviral treatment (AVT)-naïve; 873 were receiving AVT).

Intraepineurial fat quantification and cross-sectional area analysis of the sciatic nerve using MRI in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A patients.

The objectives of this study were to assess the fat fraction (FF) and cross-sectional area (CSA) of the sciatic nerve in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A (CMT1A) patients using Dixon-based proton density fat quantification MRI and to elucidate its potential association with clinical parameters. Thigh MRIs of 18 CMT1A patients and 18 age- and sex-matched volunteers enrolled for a previous study were reviewed. Analyses for FF and CSA of the sciatic nerve were performed at three levels (proximal to distal).

Independent effects of amyloid and vascular markers on long-term functional outcomes: An 8-year longitudinal study of subcortical vascular cognitive impairment.

Background And Purpose: Subcortical vascular cognitive impairment (SVCI) is characterized by the presence of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) markers. Some SVCI patients also show Alzheimer's disease and cerebral amyloid angiopathy markers. However, the effects of these imaging markers on long-term clinical outcomes have not yet been established.

Association of mental disorders and strabismus among South Korean children and adolescents: a nationwide population-based study.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to determine the association between mental disorders and strabismus in South Korean children and adolescents.

Methods: Using data from the Korean National Health Claims Database from 2011 to 2017, the prevalence rates of mental illnesses and odds ratio were calculated. Children and adolescents (1-19 years) with strabismus and their randomly selected nonstrabismic age- and sex-matched controls (1:1) were enrolled.