Osmotic demyelination syndrome caused by rapid correction of hyperammonemia and continuous hyperbilirubinemia: a case report and review of the literature.

Osmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS) is an acute demyelinating disorder characterized by the loss of myelin in the center of the basis pons, defined as central pontine myelinolysis (CPM), and demyelination in locations outside the pons, defined as extrapontine myelinolysis (EPM). ODS including CPM and EPM is mainly caused by rapid correction of hyponatremia. However, there are several reports of ODS in medical conditions such as malnutrition; alcoholism; liver transplantation; malignancy; sepsis; and electrolyte imbalance including hypernatremia, hypokalemia, hypophosphatemia, and chronic illness.

Association Between Plasma Amyloid-β and Neuropsychological Performance in Patients With Cognitive Decline.

To investigate the association between plasma amyloid-β (Aβ) levels and neuropsychological performance in patients with cognitive decline using a highly sensitive nano-biosensing platform. We prospectively recruited 44 patients with cognitive decline who underwent plasma Aβ analysis, amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) scanning, and detailed neuropsychological tests. Patients were classified into a normal control (NC, = 25) or Alzheimer's disease (AD, = 19) group based on amyloid PET positivity.

Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein-Immunoglobulin G in the CSF: Clinical Implication of Testing and Association With Disability.

Background And Objective: To investigate the clinical relevance of CSF myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-immunoglobulin G (MOG-IgG) testing in a large multicenter cohort.

Methods: In this multicenter cohort study, paired serum-CSF samples from 474 patients with suspected inflammatory demyelinating disease (IDD) from 11 referral hospitals were included. After serum screening, patients were grouped into seropositive myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody associated disease (MOGAD, 31), aquaporin-4-IgG-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4-IgG + NMOSD, 60), other IDDs (217), multiple sclerosis (MS, 45), and non-IDDs (121).

Serum level of IL-1β in patients with inflammatory demyelinating disease: Marked upregulation in the early acute phase of MOG antibody associated disease (MOGAD).

Background: To evaluate the serum cytokine profiles in patients with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoproteins antibody associated disease (MOGAD), compared to those in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder with aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G (APQ4-IgG+ NMOSD), multiple sclerosis (MS), and other inflammatory demyelinating diseases (IDDs).

Methods: The level of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-17A, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interferon (IFN)-γ in sera from 21 patients with MOGAD, 32 APQ4-IgG+ NMOSD, 24 MS, and 16 other IDDs were assessed.

Results: In MOGAD patients, the levels of IL-1β and IL-12p70 were elevated compared to APQ4-IgG+ NMOSD.

Interactive Effects of Apolipoprotein E ε4 and Triiodothyronine on Memory Performance in Patients With Subjective Cognitive Decline.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the associations between thyroid hormones, cognitive performance, and apolipoprotein E () genotype in euthyroid patients with subjective cognitive decline (SCD). We recruited 197 euthyroid patients that fulfilled the criteria for SCD. All participants were classified into ε4 carriers and non-carriers based on the presence of the ε4 allele.

Bone health in neuromyelitis optica: Bone mineral density and fractures.

Background: The bone health in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder with aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G antibodies (NMOSD-AQP4) have not been fully evaluated. To evaluate the prevalence of fractures and bone loss in patients with NMOSD-AQP4 compared to healthy controls and patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and to identify the risk factors associated with fractures and low bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with NMOSD-AQP4.

Methods: Seventy-one patients with NMOSD-AQP4 were included.

Sarcopenic Obesity in Elderly Korean Women: A Nationwide Cross-sectional Study.

Background: Sarcopenia causes loss of muscle mass in the elderly and is associated with development of metabolic syndrome in those with obesity. This study evaluated the prevalence of sarcopenic obesity (SO) in healthy Korean elderly women.

Methods: This study was based on data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey IV and V, 2008-2011.

Diagonal Earlobe Crease is a Visible Sign for Cerebral Small Vessel Disease and Amyloid-β.

We investigated the frequency and clinical significance of diagonal earlobe crease (DELC) in cognitively impaired patients using imaging biomarkers, such as white matter hyperintensities (WMH) on MRI and amyloid-β (Aβ) PET. A total of 471 cognitively impaired patients and 243 cognitively normal (CN) individuals were included in this study. Compared with CN individuals, cognitively impaired patients had a greater frequency of DELC (OR 1.

Effects of Triflusal and Clopidogrel on the Secondary Prevention of Stroke Based on Cytochrome P450 2C19 Genotyping.

Background And Purpose: To compare the efficacy and safety of antiplatelet agents for the secondary prevention of ischemic stroke based on cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19) polymorphisms.

Methods: This study was a prospective, multicenter, randomized, parallel-group, open-label, blind genotype trial. First time non-cardiogenic ischemic stroke patients were enrolled and screened within 30 days.

Sarcopenia: Neurological Point of View.

Sarcopenia is an age-related geriatric syndrome which is characterized by the gradual loss of muscle mass, muscle strength, and muscle quality. There are a lot of neurologic insults on sarcopenia at various levels from the brain to the neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) to generate a volitional task. Dopaminergic downregulation, inadequate motor programming and motor coordination impairment lead to decline of supraspinal drive.

Non-ketotic hyperglycaemia presenting as epilepsia partialis continua.

Epilepsia partialis continua is a rare epileptic syndrome observed in patients with brain structural lesions and metabolic disorders. We report a patient with non-ketotic hyperglycaemia presenting as epilepsia partialis continua with reversible focal brain lesions. An 83-year-old woman visited our hospital due to sudden and repetitive left facial twitching lasting for two days.

Unusual lesion in the bilateral external capsule following status epilepticus: a case report.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an essential tool for determining the underlying cause of status epilepticus and can exhibit a variety of unpredictable findings. A 28-year-old woman presented with status epilepticus of unknown etiology. She had been recovered from status epilepticus twenty days later, but afterwards developed transient postural instability and cognitive impairment.

Sleep disturbances and predictive factors in caregivers of patients with mild cognitive impairment and dementia.

Background And Purpose: We examined the characteristics of sleep disturbances and sleep patterns in the caregivers of patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and dementia.

Methods: We prospectively studied 132 patients (60 with aMCI and 72 with dementia) and their caregivers, and 52 noncaregiver controls. All caregivers and controls completed several sleep questionnaires, including the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).

High total hospitalization cost but low cost of imaging studies in recurrent acute ischemic stroke patients.

Background: Due to the high risk and severity of recurrence after stroke attack, recurrence is a major reason contributing to the disease burden. This study aims to determine whether recurrence is a significant contributor of hospitalization cost in items for ischemic stroke patients.

Methods: This study assessed acute ischemic stroke patients admitted to an academic medical center in 2003 through 2009.

Categorized hospital charges of acute ischemic stroke according to trial of org 10172 in acute stroke treatment classification.

Background: Previous studies have shown that the cost of hospitalization due to stroke is significantly associated with the length of stay, stroke severity and other clinical characteristics, as well as various socio-demographic factors. However, these studies have been rather inconsistent with regard to the influence of stroke subtypes on costs.

Aims: This study was examined and compared hospital charges of in-patients with acute ischemic stroke according to the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment classification.

Itemized hospital charges for acute cerebral infarction patients influenced by severity in an academic medical center in Korea.

Background And Purpose: Stroke imposes a major burden on patients, their families, and the national healthcare system. The purpose of this study was to determine the itemized hospital charges in acute ischemic stroke patients according to their severity by partitioning the charges in detail and then examining whether stroke severity was a significant contributor to these charges.

Methods: This study analyzed data of first-time acute ischemic stroke patients who had been admitted to an academic medical center between September 2003 and April 2009.