Automated early detection of androgenetic alopecia using deep learning on trichoscopic images from a Korean cohort: a retrospective model development and validation study.

Purpose: This study developed and validated a deep learning model for the automated early detection of androgenetic alopecia (AGA) using trichoscopic images, and evaluated the model's diagnostic performance in a Korean clinical cohort.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study using 318 trichoscopic scalp images labeled by board-certified dermatologists according to the Basic and Specific (BASP) system, collected at Ewha Womans University Medical Center between July 2018 and January 2024. The images were categorized as BASP 0 (no hair loss) or BASP 1-3 (early-stage hair loss).

Analysis of Phase I Clinical Trial Design of Anti-Cancer Agents.

Since 2000, there have been cancer research and regulatory changes in the development of anti-cancer therapies. The broadening understanding of cancer biology, coupled with advances in molecular biology and technology, has led to the development of new cancer drugs with diverse mechanisms of action. This study aims to analyze the trends and major features of Phase 1 clinical trial designs for anti-cancer agents approved by the U.

Polysomnographic findings and psychiatric symptoms in patients with comorbid insomnia and sleep apnea: a retrospective study focusing on sex differences.

Purpose: Comorbid insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea (COMISA) present significant clinical challenges, given their overlapping symptoms and detrimental effects on health. Only a few studies have explored sex differences in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and COMISA. This retrospective study investigated sex differences in psychiatric symptoms and polysomnographic findings between patients with COMISA and those with OSA alone.

Similarities and Differences in the WAIS-IV Performances in Korean and U.S. Populations.

Objective: This exploratory study examines the cognitive profiles of South Koreans using the WAIS-IV. It compares scores from the original U.S.

Primary Production in the Kara, Laptev, and East Siberian Seas.

Understanding of the primary production of phytoplankton in the Kara Sea (KS), the Laptev Sea (LS), and the East Siberian Sea (ESS) remains limited, despite the recognized importance of phytoplankton in the Arctic Ocean. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted three NABOS (Nansen and Amundsen Basins Observational System) expeditions in 2013, 2015, and 2018 to measure in situ primary production rates using a C-N dual-tracer method and examine their major controlling factors. The main goals in this study were to investigate regional heterogeneity in primary production and derive its contemporary ranges in the KS, LS, and ESS.

Associations of health-related quality of life with depression and stigma in MERS-CoV survivors during the recovery period.

We explored factors related to health-related quality of life (HRQOL), including psychiatric symptoms and stigma related to Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection, among MERS-CoV survivors during the recovery period.Sixty-three MERS-COV survivors were recruited from five hospitals for a cohort study, one year after their infection in 2015. The subjects' demographic information and medical conditions associated with MERS-CoV were recorded.

Efficacy and Safety of Pregabalin for Muscle Cramps in Liver Cirrhosis: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Muscle cramp is possibly related to peripheral nerve hyperexcitability (PNH), and one of the most debilitating symptoms frequently encountered in patients with liver cirrhosis. We investigated whether pregabalin, a gamma-aminobutyric acid analogue, can suppress neuronal excitability and reduce muscle cramps in cirrhotic patients.

Methods: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in which study participants with cirrhosis from a single tertiary center were enrolled.

Usefulness of Semi-cylindrical Beam Spoiler in Treatment of Early Glottic Cancer Using 6 MV Photon Beam.

Background/aim: To assess the dosimetric influence of a semi-cylindrical beam spoiler (sCBS) for the treatment of early glottic cancer using a 6 MV photon beam.

Patients And Methods: The 2D dose distributions were also calculated and measured with and without the sCBS and with a 0.5 cm thick bolus.

Perceptions and Feasibility of Actions Related to Sodium Reduction among Restaurant Owners and Cooks in Seongnam, South Korea: Comparison According to Stages of Behavioral Change.

With the increase in meals eaten outside the home, sodium reduction in restaurant foods is essential for reducing sodium intake. This study aimed to assess the stages of behavioral change for reducing sodium and the differences in perceptions among restaurant staff by stage. Restaurant owners and cooks ( = 313) in Seongnam, South Korea were surveyed on their stage of behavioral change, practices, and perceptive factors related to sodium reduction in restaurant meals using a questionnaire.

Inhibition of endocytosis of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus by rottlerin and its potential prophylactic administration in piglets.

Owing to several limitations of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) control procedures, the importance of antiviral agents is increasing; however, limited studies have been done on the development of anti-PRRSV agents. Herein, we explored the antiviral effect and mechanism of rottlerin against PRRSV. We demonstrated that treatment of rottlerin at an early stage of PRRSV infection significantly inhibited the viral replication.

Slow-wave sleep and obstructive sleep apnea in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze sleep architecture and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in patients with type 2 diabetes and clarify the association between sleep characteristics and glycemic control.

Methods: All participants underwent metabolism-related laboratory testing and a cross-sectional analysis of nocturnal polysomnography for sleep parameter analysis. Data were analyzed using the chi-squared test, a one-way analysis of variance, and Kruskal-Wallis test to compare the differences among three groups (type 2 diabetes, prediabetes, and control groups).

Content Analysis of Korean Videos Regarding Restless Legs Syndrome on YouTube.

Objective: To evaluate the accuracy and quality of Korean videos associated with restless legs syndrome (RLS) on YouTube.

Methods: A YouTube search was performed on April 1, 2020 using the term "restless legs syndrome" in the Korean language. Two reviewers coded the source, content, and demographics of the included videos.

Customized 3D Bolus Applied to the Oral Cavity and Supraclavicular Area for Head and Neck Cancer.

Background/aim: In this study, a new method to create a customized three-dimensional (3D) bolus by accurately considering the anatomy of an individual patient is demonstrated.

Patients And Methods: A 3D bolus structure was created from an extended planning target volume (PTV) to reduce an inevitable skin reaction. In addition, during computed tomography simulation in patients with oral cavity cancers, a balloon was inserted into the mouth of a patient to secure space, and then the area surrounding the balloon was designed into a 3D bolus structure.

Serum level of IL-1β in patients with inflammatory demyelinating disease: Marked upregulation in the early acute phase of MOG antibody associated disease (MOGAD).

Background: To evaluate the serum cytokine profiles in patients with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoproteins antibody associated disease (MOGAD), compared to those in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder with aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G (APQ4-IgG+ NMOSD), multiple sclerosis (MS), and other inflammatory demyelinating diseases (IDDs).

Methods: The level of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-17A, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interferon (IFN)-γ in sera from 21 patients with MOGAD, 32 APQ4-IgG+ NMOSD, 24 MS, and 16 other IDDs were assessed.

Results: In MOGAD patients, the levels of IL-1β and IL-12p70 were elevated compared to APQ4-IgG+ NMOSD.

Rapid Electroformation of Biopolymer Gels in Prescribed Shapes and Patterns: A Simpler Alternative to 3-D Printing.

We demonstrate the use of to rapidly form gels of the biopolymer alginate (Alg) in specific three-dimensional (3-D) shapes and patterns. In our approach, we start with a gel of the biopolymer agarose, which is thermoresponsive and hence can be molded into a specific shape. The agarose mold is then loaded with Ca cations and placed in a beaker containing an Alg solution.

Repeated low-dose rituximab treatment based on the assessment of circulating B cells in patients with refractory myasthenia gravis.

Background: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of repeated low-dose rituximab treatment guided by monitoring circulating CD19+ B cells in patients with refractory myasthenia gravis (MG).

Methods: Patients with refractory MG who had received rituximab treatment at two teaching hospitals between September 2013 and January 2017 were reviewed retrospectively. The treatment protocol consisted of an induction treatment with low-dose rituximab (375 mg/m twice with a 2-week interval), followed by retreatment (375 mg/m once).

Prophylactic endoscopic coagulation to prevent delayed post-EMR bleeding in the colorectum: a prospective randomized controlled trial (with videos).

Background And Aims: Post-EMR bleeding (PEB) is the most common adverse event after EMR. However, there are no established endoscopic methods for the prevention of PEB. This study aimed to investigate whether prophylactic endoscopic coagulation (PEC) using coagulation probes reduces the incidence of overall delayed PEB.

Chronic relapsing inflammatory optic neuropathy (CRION): a manifestation of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies.

Background: Key clinical features of chronic relapsing inflammatory optic neuropathy (CRION) include relapsing inflammatory optic neuritis (ON) and steroid dependency, both of which have been reported among patients with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies (MOG-Abs). We investigated the relevance of the presence of serum MOG-IgG with the current diagnostic criteria for CRION among patients with idiopathic inflammatory optic neuritis (iON).

Methods: Retrospective reviews of a database prospectively collated between 2011 and 2017 from the tertiary referral center for multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica were performed.

Anterior Shoulder Stabilization Using a Single Portal Technique With Suture Lasso.

Open Bankart repair was the standard technique used in the past, but the request for less invasiveness, always pursued by every surgeon, pushed the development of the arthroscopic procedure. Nowadays the stabilization of the anteroinferior labrum is usually performed with an arthroscopic technique that uses the classic posterior portal and 2 anterior working portals. Because arthroscopy is progressing steadily under every aspect, there is now the chance to use only one working portal with the aid of a suture passer.

Comparative Analysis of Emotional Symptoms in Elderly Koreans with Hwa-Byung and Depression.

Objective: This study compared the symptomatic emotional traits of elderly South Korean patients with hwa-byung and those with depression.

Methods: We enrolled 58 patients with hwa-byung, 180 patients with depression, and 181 healthy control subjects. All participants completed the Hwa-byung Scale, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), State Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI), Reaction Inventory (RI), and Aggression Questionnaire (AQ).

Status and Perception of Risk Management in Radiation Therapy: Survey Among Korean Medical Physicists.

This study was conducted as part of an endeavor to improve the risk management system of radiation therapy departments in the Republic of Korea. An online survey on the status and perception of Korea's medical physicists on risk management in radiation therapy was carried out. A total of 40 domestic radiation oncology departments participated.

A Comparison of the Severe Cognitive Impairment Rating Scale With the Mini-Mental State Examination and Delirium Rating Scale-Revised-98 for Delirium: A Cross-sectional Study.

Background: Cognitive impairment including attention deficits, disorientation, memory impairment, language disturbance, and impaired visuospatial ability are core symptoms of delirium. The Severe Cognitive Impairment Rating Scale (SCIRS) was developed to assess cognition in patients with severe dementia, but may also be useful in elderly people with delirium.

Objective: We investigated the use of the SCIRS to assess cognition in elderly patients with delirium.

Stages of Behavioral Change for Reducing Sodium Intake in Korean Consumers: Comparison of Characteristics Based on Social Cognitive Theory.

High sodium intake increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. Given the importance of behavioral changes to reducing sodium intake, this study aims to investigate the stages of change and the differences in cognitive and behavioral characteristics by stage in Korean consumers. Adult participants ( = 3892) completed a questionnaire on the stages of behavioral change, recognition of social efforts, outcome expectancy, barriers to practice, nutrition knowledge and dietary behaviors, and self-efficiency related to reduced sodium intake.