[Methodological breakthroughs and challenges in research of soil phage microecology].

Phages, as obligate bacterial and archaeal parasites, constitute a virus group of paramount ecological significance due to their exceptional abundance and genetic diversity. These biological entities serve as critical regulators in Earth's ecosystems, driving biogeochemical cycles, energy fluxes, and ecosystem services across terrestrial and marine environments. Within soil microbiomes, phages function as microbial "dark matter," maintaining the soil-plant system balance through precise modulation of the microbial community structure and functional dynamics.

The fate of aortic valve after surgical repair for discrete membranous subaortic stenosis in pediatric patients.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the long-term outcomes of aortic valve function and identify predictors of significant aortic regurgitation and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction recurrence after surgical repair of discrete membranous subaortic stenosis in pediatric patients and to develop a scoring model for long-term management.

Methods: This single-center, retrospective cohort study analyzed 219 pediatric patients who underwent surgical repair for discrete membranous subaortic stenosis between 2008 and 2022. The primary end point was the composite of significant aortic regurgitation and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction recurrence assessed during a median follow-up of 7.

Multisource remote sensing and ensemble learning for multidimensional monitoring of heavy metals on mine surfaces.

This study aims to establish monitoring models for surface heavy metals in mining areas by utilizing multi-source remote sensing data and ensemble learning algorithms. By collecting heavy metal content data from soil and crop leaves within the study area, and combining it with data obtained from the Google Earth Engine platform, including Landsat 8, Sentinel-2 spectral data, vegetation indices, and VV and VH polarization information from Sentinel-1, along with terrain factors derived from the Digital Elevation Model such as elevation, hillshade, slope, and aspect, a total of 43 feature indicators were consolidated. Feature importance ranking (FI) and the successive projections algorithm (SPA) feature selection method were employed to filter feature factors, selecting different features for each type of heavy metal.

Single-Cell Transcriptomics Identified Fibrosis-Activated Valve Interstitial Cells Involved in Functional Tricuspid Regurgitation.

Background: The treatment of functional tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is still controversial. Characterizing the cellular composition of the tricuspid valve and identifying the molecular alterations of each cell type in valves with TR will advance our understanding of the mechanisms of TR and guide improvements in treatment.

Objectives: The authors aimed to investigate the changes in cellular composition and gene expression patterns of cells in regurgitant tricuspid valves and shed light on the mechanisms of functional TR.

Runchangningshen paste activates NLRP6 inflammasome-mediated autophagy to stimulate colonic mucin-2 secretion and modulates mucosal microbiota in functional constipation.

Background: Runchangningshen paste (RCNSP) is a paste made of four medicinal and edible homologous Chinese medicine mixed with honey. It is known for its ability to nourish yin and blood as well as to loosen the bowel to relieve constipation. The pathophysiology of functional constipation (FC) is associated with a reduction in mucin-2 (MUC2) secretion and microbial dysbiosis.

Chaihushugan powder regulates the gut microbiota to alleviate mitochondrial oxidative stress in the gastric tissues of rats with functional dyspepsia.

Introduction: Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a prevalent functional gastrointestinal disorder associated with oxidative stress (OS) and dysbiosis. Chaihushugan powder (CHSGP) demonstrates efficacy in treating FD; however, the underlying therapeutic mechanism is not yet elucidated. This study aims to investigate the effects of CHSGP on OS and gut microbiota (GM) in FD rats, with a particular emphasis on the role of GM as a potential target for the antioxidant properties of CHSGP.

Multitarget Stool DNA Testing for Colorectal Cancer Screening in Clinical Practice.

Introduction: Few studies have evaluated multitarget stool DNA (mt-sDNA) in clinical practice. We analyzed mt-sDNA utilization at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center.

Methods: We assessed mt-sDNA orders between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2021.

Identification of copper and lead pollution elements based on spectra of corn leaves in different leaf layers.

With the development of industrialization, environmental heavy metal pollution has become increasingly serious, and the growth of crops has been seriously affected by heavy metal pollution in the soil environment. Therefore, it is necessary to establish methods for distinguishing and monitoring heavy metal pollution. The application of hyperspectral remote sensing in heavy metal pollution monitoring demonstrates the great potential of using crop leaf spectra to accurately distinguish heavy metal pollution elements.

Maladaptive weight control and eating behaviours in female adolescents/young adults are associated with increased risk of irritable bowel syndrome in adulthood: Results from the Growing Up Today Study (GUTS).

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is common among individuals with eating disorders. The relationship between these conditions is likely bidirectional. However, data on the risk of IBS among those with prior eating disorders is largely limited to cross-sectional studies.

Extraction of vegetation disturbance range using aboveground biomass estimated from Sentinel-2 imagery in coal mining areas with high groundwater table.

Coal mining in regions characterized by high groundwater table markedly predisposes to surface subsidence and water accumulation, thereby engendering substantial harm to surface vegetation, soil, and hydrological resources. Developing effective methods to extract surface disturbance information aids in quantitatively assessing the comprehensive impacts of coal mining on land, ecology, and society. Due to the shortcomings of traditional indicators in reflecting mining disturbance, vegetation aboveground biomass (AGB) is introduced as the primary indicator for extracting the mining disturbance range.

Ozaki technique versus Ross operation for complex aortic valve diseases in children: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: The Ozaki technique demonstrated promising results in adults, but few studies reported on pediatric patients with limited follow-up time. This study aimed to evaluate the mid-term results of Ozaki technique compared with Ross operation for complex aortic valve diseases in children.

Materials And Methods: One hundred and seventeen children underwent either Ozaki ( n =64) or Ross ( n =53) operation from January 2017 to December 2023.

Biventricular function after Ebstein anomaly repair from a single-center echocardiography study.

Objective: We aimed to examine biventricular remodeling and function after Ebstein anomaly (EbA) surgical correction using echocardiographic techniques, particularly, the relations between the biventricular changes and the EbA types.

Methods: From April 2015 to August 2022, 110 patients with EbA were included in this retrospective study based on the Carpentier classification. Echocardiography assessments during the preoperative, early, and mid-term postoperative periods were performed.

Phages enhance both phytopathogen density control and rhizosphere microbiome suppressiveness.

Unlabelled: Bacteriophages, viruses that specifically target plant pathogenic bacteria, have emerged as a promising alternative to traditional agrochemicals. However, it remains unclear how phages should be applied to achieve efficient pathogen biocontrol and to what extent their efficacy is shaped by indirect interactions with the resident microbiota. Here, we tested if the phage biocontrol efficacy of phytopathogenic bacterium can be improved by increasing the phage cocktail application frequency and if the phage efficacy is affected by pathogen-suppressing bacteria already present in the rhizosphere.

Mapping livestock density distribution in the Selenge River Basin of Mongolia using random forest.

Mapping dynamically distributed livestock in the vast steppe area based on statistical data collected by administrative units is very difficult as it is limited by the quality of statistical data and local geographical environment factors. While, spatial mapping of livestock gridded data is critical and necessary for animal husbandry management, which can be easily integrated and analyzed with other natural environment data. Facing this challenge, this study introduces a spatialization method using random forest (RF) in the Selenge River Basin, which is the main animal husbandry region in Mongolia.

The role of rhizosphere phages in soil health.

While the One Health framework has emphasized the importance of soil microbiomes for plant and human health, one of the most diverse and abundant groups-bacterial viruses, i.e. phages-has been mostly neglected.

Success rate of current human-derived gastric cancer organoids establishment and influencing factors: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Human-derived gastric cancer organoids (GCOs) are widely used in gastric cancer research; however, the culture success rate is generally low.

Aim: To explore the potential influencing factors, and the literature on successful culture rates of GCOs was reviewed using meta-analysis.

Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE were searched for studies.

Bibliometrics analysis based on the Web of Science: Current trends and perspective of gastric organoid during 2010-2023.

Background: Three-dimensional organoid culture systems have been established as a robust tool for elucidating mechanisms and performing drug efficacy testing. The use of gastric organoid models holds significant promise for advancing personalized medicine research. However, a comprehensive bibliometric review of this bur-geoning field has not yet been published.

Chaihu Shugan Powder inhibits interstitial cells of cajal mitophagy through USP30 in the treatment of functional dyspepsia.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Chaihu Shugan Powder (CHSGP) has significant clinical efficacy in the treatment of functional dyspepsia (FD), but the specific mechanism requires further study.

Aim Of Study: The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of CHSGP on FD rats and the underlying mechanism of the effect on interstitial cells of cajal (ICC) mitophagy.

Materials And Methods: The tail-clamping stimulation method was utilized to establish an FD rat model in vivo.

Effect of Chaihu-Shugan-San on functional dyspepsia and gut microbiota: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Chaihu-Shugan-San (CSS) is a classic traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula from the Ming Dynasty "Jingyue's Complete Works". In China, it is prevalent for the treatment of a wide range of ailments, with a particular emphasis on functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs). Clinical evidence suggests that CSS has been found to be a highly effective therapeutic approach for the treatment of Functional Dyspepsia (FD), however, there is a limited amount of high-quality clinical evidence, particularly randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials to support this claim.

"It's a feeling of complete disconnection": experiences of existential loneliness from youth to older adulthood.

Background: Existential loneliness is a feeling which stems from a sense of fundamental separation from others and the world. Although commonly mentioned in the loneliness literature, there is relatively little empirical work on this construct, and existing work tends to focus on older and seriously ill individuals. The present study aimed to understand how people experience existential loneliness without specific constraints on precipitating factors like illness or age.