Chronic fungal osteomyelitis of the tibia due to : a rare case.

Fungal osteomyelitis is a rare disease which usually presents in an indolent manner. Opportunistic infections due to other non-aspergillus moulds are an emerging entity. We report a case of fungal osteomyelitis due to spp in an immunocompetent adult which showed a chronic, indolent course but responded well to treatment with voriconazole.

A novel use of pneumococcal urinary antigen detection kits to identify cultures misidentified by the VITEK-2 system.

infections continue to be an important cause of morbidity and mortality in low-and middle-income countries. Differentiating from viridans group streptococci is essential to ensure appropriate antibiotic therapy. Conventional microbial identification tests can often misidentify the two groups.

A prospective cross sectional study of detection of toxin in patients with antibiotic associated diarrhoea.

Background And Objectives: infections (CDI) include self-limiting antibiotic associated diarrhoea (AAD), antibiotic-associated colitis, and pseudomembranous colitis. The present study aimed at detecting toxin in stool samples of patients with AAD and analyzing the antibiotic use and presence of other risk factors in these patients.

Materials And Methods: In this study, which was conducted on 660 samples, a 2- step strategy was used.

A Case Series and Review of Endocarditis from India.

Introduction: Bacillus cereus is a gram positive bacilli found commonly in the soil and environment. It is a bacteria rarely associated with endocarditis.

Case History: Intravenous drug abuse, presence of valvular defects, pacemakers, immunodeficiency are some of the known risk factors for endocarditis.

Antibiotic Screening of Urine Culture for Internal Quality Audit at Amrita Hospital, Kochi.

Introduction: Urine antimicrobial activity is a seldom analysed laboratory test which greatly impacts the quantification of urine specimens. Presence of antimicrobial activity in the urine reduces the bacterial load in these specimens. Hence, the chances of erroneously reporting insignificant bacteriuria can be reduced on analysis of the antimicrobial activity in urine.

Multiple cortical brain abscesses due to Listeria monocytogenes in an immunocompetent patient.

Listeria monocytogenes is an intracellular organism which is well recognised for its ability to cause meningeal infections in neonates, immunosuppressed, debilitated and elderly individuals. Other less common central nervous system (CNS) infections caused by Listeria spp. include rhomboencephalitis, cerebritis and abscesses in the brain, brain stem and spinal cord.

Antimicrobial susceptibility profile, treatment outcome and serotype distribution of clinical isolates of subspecies : a 2-year study from Kerala, South India.

Background/purpose: Typhoid and paratyphoid fever continue to be important causes of illness and death in parts of Asia, being associated with poor sanitation and consumption of unsafe food and water. Antimicrobial resistance has emerged to traditional first-line drugs, namely, the fluoroquinolones, as well as to third-generation cephalosporins, posing challenges to treatment. Azithromycin has proven to be an effective alternative for treatment of uncomplicated typhoid fever.

Detection of occult hepatitis B and window period infection among blood donors by individual donation nucleic acid testing in a tertiary care center in South India.

With the introduction of highly sensitive hepatitis B surface antigen immunoassay, transfusion associated HBV infection have reduced drastically but they still tend to occur due to blood donors with occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) and window period (WP) infection. Sera from, 24338 healthy voluntary blood donors were screened for HBsAg, HIV and HCV antibody using Vitros Enhanced Chemiluminescent Immunoassay. The median age of the donor population was 30 (range 18-54) with male preponderance (98%).

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) site infections: a clinical and microbiological study from university teaching hospital, India.

Background: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is used to provide enteral access in patients who are unable to swallow. Infection of the stoma is an important complication and there is little data from India on this problem, which can be used to inform infection prevention and prophylactic strategies.

Aim: The objective was to assess the prevalence and the role of contributory factors in PEG site infections.

Skin and Soft Tissue Infections due to Shewanella algae - An Emerging Pathogen.

Introduction: Shewanella spp. are emerging human pathogens, the predominant species being Shewanella algae. Shewanella skin and soft tissue infections are more commonly seen in immunocompromised patients with a pre-existing cutaneous ulcer and most often associated with exposure to marine environments.

Chromoblastomycosis due to Fonsecaea pedrosoi: an old wine in a rare bottle.

Chromoblastomycosis is a chronic subcutaneous mycosis commonly caused by Fonsecaea, Phialophora, and Cladophialophora spp. Out of these, Fonsecaea pedrosoi is the most common etiological agent, implicated in 70%-90% of the cases reported worldwide. The histopathological diagnosis of chromoblastomycosis is based on visualization of medlar or sclerotic bodies in the tissue.

Salmonella Typhimurium pneumonia in a patient with multiple myeloma.

Pneumonia due to non-typhoidal Salmonella is a rarely reported entity. A fatal case of Salmonella pneumonia is reported here where Salmonella Typhimurium was isolated from the endotracheal aspirate and blood culture.

Nocardia farcinica brain abscess: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and literature review.

Background: Infections caused by Nocardia farcinica are potentially lethal because of the organism's tendency to disseminate and resist antibiotics. Central nervous system involvement has been documented in 30% of infections caused N. farcinica.

Molecular Characterization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Causing Fatal Purulent Pericarditis.

Though pericardial disease is common in patients with renal disease, purulent pericarditis is very rare. We report a fatal case of purulent pericarditis and sepsis due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a 78-year-old male with systemic hypertension and renal disease along with the molecular characterization of its resistant mechanism.

Autochthonous blastomycosis of the adrenal: first case report from Asia.

Systemic endemic mycoses, such as blastomycosis, are rare in Asia and have been reported as health risks among travelers who visit or reside in an endemic area. Adrenal involvement is rarely seen in blastomycosis and has never been reported from Asia. We report the first case of blastomycosis with bilateral involvement of the adrenals in a diabetic patient residing in the state of Arunachal Pradesh, India.

Revised Ciprofloxacin Breakpoints for Salmonella: Is it Time to Write an Obituary?

Objectives: To determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of ciprofloxacin among 50 blood stream isolates of Salmonella enterica.

Material And Methods: A total of 50 consecutive isolates of Salmonella enterica were tested for susceptibility to antimicrobials using the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined using Hi-Comb strips.

Post-operative endophthalmitis due to Fusarium dimerum.

Fungal endophthalmitis is a destructive intraocular infection resulting in poor visual prognosis. Endophthalmitis due to Fusarium spp has the worst visual prognosis. We report a case of a 58-year-old female patient who underwent cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation in the right eye and presented two months after the surgery with fungal endophthalmitis.

Detection of oxacillin-susceptible mecA-positive Staphylococcus aureus isolates by use of chromogenic medium MRSA ID.

Reports of oxacillin-susceptible mecA-positive Staphylococcus aureus strains are on the rise. Because of their susceptibility to oxacillin and cefoxitin, it is very difficult to detect them by using routine phenotypic methods. We describe two such isolates that were detected by chromogenic medium and confirmed by characterization of the mecA gene element.

Leuconostoc garlicum: an unusual pathogen in the era of vancomycin therapy.

Leuconostoc garlicum, belonging to the family of Leuconostocaceae, is a catalase-negative, Gram-positive ovoid cocci, intrinsically resistant to vancomycin. Clinical infection by Leuconostoc garlicum is rare. We report a case of respiratory tract infection subsequent to vancomycin therapy.

Intraocular gnathostomiasis: report of a case and review of literature.

Intraocular gnathostomiasis is a rare parasitic infection caused by the third-stage larvae of spiruroid nematode Gnanthostoma spp. seen mostly in tropical and subtropical regions. It is a food-borne zoonosis caused by ingestion of raw or undercooked freshwater fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals, all of which are known to harbor advanced third-stage larvae of Gnanthostoma spp.