Injectable vancomycin loaded hyaluronic acid-chitosan hydrogel for the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus septic arthritis.

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a Gram positive opportunistic pathogen and a major cause for bacterial septic arthritis. Vancomycin is the preferred antibiotic for the treatment of methicillin resistance S.

Amikacin sulphate loaded chitosan-diopside nanoparticles composite scaffold for infectious wound healing.

A wound dressing material should inhibit infections that may occur at the wound site, and at the same time, it should enhance the healing process. In this study, we developed an amikacin sulphate (AK) incorporated chitosan (Ch) and Diopside nanoparticles composite dressing (Ch-nDE-AK) for controlling wound infection and healing. The diopside nanoparticles (nDE) were prepared using sol-gel synthesis and characterized using XRD, FT-IR, and FESEM.

Antiseptic Chitosan-Poly(hexamethylene) Biguanide Hydrogel for the Treatment of Infectious Wounds.

Topical wound infections create the ideal conditions for microbial colonization and growth in terms of moisture, temperature, and nutrients. When they are not protected, numerous types of bacteria from the internal microbiota and the external environment may colonize them, creating a polymicrobial population. Treatment of these wounds often necessitates the use of antibiotics that may have systemic harmful effects.

Aerosol-CCN characteristics and dynamics associated with a pre-monsoon dust storm over a high-altitude site in Western Ghats, India.

Aerosol-CCN characteristics and dynamics during a pre-monsoon dust storm (April 6-11, 2015) over a high-altitude site ((17.92°N, 73.66°E, and 1348 m above mean sea level (MSL)) in Western Ghats, India, has been studied using ground-based observations, satellite, and reanalysis datasets.

Protective efficacy of Alum adjuvanted Amidase protein vaccine against Staphylococcus aureus infection in multiple mouse models.

Aims: Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen of humans. No commercial vaccine is available to combat S. aureus infections.

Seasonal characteristics of boundary layer over a high-altitude rural site in Western India: implications on dispersal of particulate matter.

The temporal variability of the planetary boundary layer height (PBLH) over Mahabaleshwar was studied for a period of 1 year from 1 December 2015 to 30 November 2016 using microwave radiometer (MWR) observations. The PBLH over Mahabaleshwar was found to be the highest during the pre-monsoon (March-May) season and lowest during the winter (December-February) season. The seasonal mean of PBLH was estimated to be 339±88 m during winter, 485±70 m during pre-monsoon, 99±153 m during monsoon, and 438±24 m during post-monsoon season.

Sub micron aerosol variability and its ageing process at a high altitude site in India: Impact of meteorological conditions.

The effect of relative humidity and temperature on the submicron aerosol variability and its ageing process was studied over a high altitude site, Mahabaleshwar in south-west India. The mass composition of non-refractory particulate matter of 1 μm (NR-PM) size was obtained using Time of Flight Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor (ToF-ACSM) along with the measurements on a few trace gases during winter (December 2017-February 2018) and summer season (20th March - 5th May 2018). Sulfate exhibited strong dependence on the relative humidity (RH) as its mass fraction increased with the increase in RH.

The cell surface adhesins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Bacterial cell surface adhesins play a major role in facilitating host colonization and subsequent establishment of infection. The surface of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, owing to the complex architecture of its cell envelope, expresses numerous adhesins with varied chemical nature, including proteins, lipids, lipoproteins, glycoproteins and glycopolymers. Studies on mycobacterial adhesins show that they bind with multifarious host receptors and extracellular matrix (ECM) components.

Antistaphylococcal and Neutrophil Chemotactic Injectable κ-Carrageenan Hydrogel for Infectious Wound Healing.

wound infection is a major concern due to the resistance of to topical antibiotics and capacity to inhibit neutrophil migration at the infection site. To overcome these problems, we have developed 0.01% (v/v) octenidine dihydrochloride (Oct) and 0.

Point prevalence surveys of antimicrobial use among eight neonatal intensive care units in India: 2016.

Background: Information about antimicrobial use is scarce and poorly understood among neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in India. In this study, we describe antimicrobial use in eight NICUs using four point prevalence surveys (PPSs).

Methods: As part of the Global Antimicrobial Resistance, Prescribing, and Efficacy in Neonates and Children (GARPEC) study, one-day, cross-sectional, hospital-based PPSs were conducted four times between 1 February 2016 and 28 February 2017 in eight NICUs.

Understanding the adhesion mechanism of a mucin binding domain from Lactobacillus fermentum and its role in enteropathogen exclusion.

Lactobacillus species possesses surface exposed Mucin Binding Protein (MucBP) which plays a role in adhesion to gastrointestinal mucin. MucBP contains one or more mucin binding domain (MBD), the functionality of which has yet not been characterized thoroughly. Here, we have characterized a 93-amino acid MBD (MBD) of MucBP (LAF_0673) from Lactobacillus fermentum.

Mechanistic understanding of Phenyllactic acid mediated inhibition of quorum sensing and biofilm development in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa depends on its quorum sensing (QS) system for its virulence factors' production and biofilm formation. Biofilms of P. aeruginosa on the surface of indwelling catheters are often resistant to antibiotic therapy.

Point Prevalence Surveys of Antimicrobial Use among Hospitalized Children in Six Hospitals in India in 2016.

The prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in India is among the highest in the world. Antimicrobial use in inpatient settings is an important driver of resistance, but is poorly characterized, particularly in hospitalized children. In this study, conducted as part of the Global Antimicrobial Resistance, Prescribing, and Efficacy in Neonates and Children (GARPEC) project, we examined the prevalence of and indications of antimicrobial use, as well as antimicrobial agents used among hospitalized children by conducting four point prevalence surveys in six hospitals between February 2016 and February 2017.

Understanding the molecular differential recognition of muramyl peptide ligands by LRR domains of human NOD receptors.

Human nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain proteins, hNOD1 and hNOD2, are host intracellular receptors with C-terminal leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domains, which recognize specific bacterial peptidoglycan (PG) fragments as their ligands. The specificity of this recognition is dependent on the third amino acid of the stem peptide of the PG ligand, which is usually -diaminopimelic acid (DAP) or l-lysine (l-Lys). Since the LRR domains of hNOD receptors had been experimentally shown to confer the PG ligand-sensing specificity, we developed three-dimensional structures of hNOD1-LRR and the hNOD2-LRR to understand the mechanism of differential recognition of muramyl peptide ligands by hNOD receptors.

Congenital Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation: A Tertiary Care Hospital Experience.

Introduction: Congenital Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation (CCAM) is an uncommon developmental deformity affecting the terminal respiratory structures. It is characterized by broncho pulmonary foregut malformations. The reason behind it is an arrest in lung development between 4 and 7 week of fetal life.

Bacterial peptidoglycan with amidated meso-diaminopimelic acid evades NOD1 recognition: an insight into NOD1 structure-recognition.

Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 1 (NOD1) is an intracellular pattern recognition receptor that recognizes bacterial peptidoglycan (PG) containing meso-diaminopimelic acid (mesoDAP) and activates the innate immune system. Interestingly, a few pathogenic and commensal bacteria modify their PG stem peptide by amidation of mesoDAP (mesoDAP). In the present study, NOD1 stimulation assays were performed using bacterial PG containing mesoDAP (PG) and mesoDAP (PG) to understand the differences in their biomolecular recognition mechanism.

Antimicrobial activity of plumbagin, a naturally occurring naphthoquinone from Plumbago rosea, against Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans.

Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus are opportunistic pathogens. Despite causing a number of independent infections, both pathogens can co-infect to cause urinary tract infections, skin infections, biofilm associated infections, sepsis and pneumonia. Infections of these two pathogens especially their biofilm associated infections are often difficult to treat using currently available anti-bacterial and anti-fungal agents.

Amidase, a cell wall hydrolase, elicits protective immunity against Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis.

The morbidity and the mortality associated with Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis infections have greatly increased due to the rapid emergence of highly virulent and antibiotic resistant strains. Development of a vaccine-based therapy is greatly desired.

Fecal carriage rates of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli among antibiotic naive healthy human volunteers.

Introduction: Higher prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli fecal carriage has been reported in the nosocomial setting than in the community. We tried to determine the fecal carriage of ESBL-producing E. coli among healthy volunteers in a relatively isolated community.

Molecular Characterization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Causing Fatal Purulent Pericarditis.

Though pericardial disease is common in patients with renal disease, purulent pericarditis is very rare. We report a fatal case of purulent pericarditis and sepsis due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a 78-year-old male with systemic hypertension and renal disease along with the molecular characterization of its resistant mechanism.