Integrated multi-omics reveals flavonoid-dominated defense strategies in Coptis chinensis under Fusarium root rot infection.

Root rot disease poses a devastating threat to Coptis chinensis Franch, a medicinal plant prized for its bioactive alkaloids. To dissect its defense mechanisms, we conducted integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses on resistant (R), early-stage infected (S-ES), and late-stage infected (S-LS) plants Our findings reveal a disease severity-dependent escalation in flavonoid metabolism. Key metabolites, such as kaempferol and quercetin derivatives, were significantly increased compared to R, paralleled by progressive upregulation of biosynthetic genes (PAL, CHS, CHI, FLS).

Dynamic revelation of early development in mouse embryo via Raman spectroscopy.

Non-invasive embryo quality assessment techniques in clinical practice remain in early developmental phase, highlighting the critical need to expand technical methods and improve evaluation accuracy.This study applies Raman spectroscopy to characterize glucose and lipid metabolic profiles during the early development of mouse embryos, aiming to explore the possibility of both as biomarkers for non-invasive assessment of embryo quality. Through semi-quantitative analysis, this research demonstrate that the average glucose metabolism remains relatively stable from Day 0 to 3 post conception (D0-3), followed by a significant increase in consumption around D3, and robust metabolic activity during D4-D5.

Ancient origin of an urban underground mosquito.

Understanding how life is adapting to urban environments represents an important challenge in evolutionary biology. Here we investigate a widely cited example of urban adaptation, form , also known as the London Underground Mosquito. Population genomic analysis of ~350 contemporary and historical samples counter the popular hypothesis that originated belowground in London less than 200 years ago.

Characterization of microplastics in human follicular fluid and assessment of their potential impact on mouse oocyte maturation in vitro.

Microplastics (MPs) have been identified in various human tissues and organs. This study aims to evaluate the presence of MPs in human follicular fluid (hFF) and their potential impact on oocyte maturation. Laser direct infrared spectroscopy of 19 hFF samples identified 7956 particles, including 1739 microplastics (21.

Evaluating the impact of visceral fat on the outcomes of frozen embryo transfer via bioelectrical impedance analysis.

Objectives: The increasing prevalence of obesity underscores the need to explore its impact on assisted reproductive technology (ART) outcomes. This study aims to evaluate the association between visceral fat area (VFA), measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and pregnancy outcomes following frozen embryo transfer (FET).

Methods: In this retrospective clinical study, the data of 1,510 patients who underwent FET between April 2022 and April 2023 were analyzed.

Effects of a color gradient and emoji in AR-HUD warning interfaces in autonomous vehicles on takeover performance and driver emotions.

Objective: This study examined the effects of color gradients and emojis in an augmented reality-head-up display (AR-HUD) warning interface on driver emotions and takeover performance.

Methods: A total of 48 participants were grouped into four different warning interfaces for a simulated self-driving takeover experiment. Two-way analysis of variance and the Kruskal-Wallis test was used to analyze takeover time, mood, task load, and system availability.

Targeted mutagenesis of flavonoid biosynthesis pathway genes reveals functional divergence in seed coat colour, oil content and fatty acid composition in Brassica napus L.

Yellow-seed is widely accepted as a good-quality trait in Brassica crops. Previous studies have shown that the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway is essential for the development of seed colour, but its function in Brassica napus, an important oil crop, is poorly understood. To systematically explore the gene functions of the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway in rapeseed, several representative TRANSPARENT TESTA (TT) genes, including three structural genes (BnaTT7, BnaTT18, BnaTT10), two regulatory genes (BnaTT1, BnaTT2) and a transporter (BnaTT12), were selected for targeted mutation by CRISPR/Cas9 in the present study.

Targeted mutagenesis of leads to abnormal shoot apex development and cotyledon petiole fusion at the seedling stage in L.

The Arabidopsis homeodomain transcription factor () is crucial for shoot apical meristem (SAM) function, which cooperates with () () feedback regulation loops to maintain the homeostasis of stem cells in SAM. also interacts with the boundary genes to regulate the tissue boundary formation. However, there are still few studies on the function of in , an important oil crop.

Influence of Multi-Modal Warning Interface on Takeover Efficiency of Autonomous High-Speed Train.

As a large-scale public transport mode, the driving safety of high-speed rail has a profound impact on public health. In this study, we determined the most efficient multi-modal warning interface for automatic driving of a high-speed train and put forward suggestions for optimization and improvement. Forty-eight participants were selected, and a simulated 350 km/h high-speed train driving experiment equipped with a multi-modal warning interface was carried out.

Precise A∙T to G∙C base editing in the allotetraploid rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) genome.

Rapeseed is an important source of oilseed crop in the world. Achieving genetic improvement has always been the major goal in rapeseed production. Single nucleotide substitution is the basis of most genetic variation underpinning important agronomic traits.

Site-Directed Mutagenesis of the Carotenoid Isomerase Gene Alters the Color of Petals and Leaves in L.

The diversity of petal and leaf color can improve the ornamental value of rapeseed and promote the development of agriculture and tourism. The two copies of carotenoid isomerase gene () in ( and ) was edited using the CRISPR/Cas9 system in the present study. The mutation phenotype of creamy white petals and yellowish leaves could be recovered only in targeted mutants of both functional copies, indicating that the redundant roles of and are vital for the regulation of petal and leaf color.

Precision Genome Engineering Through Cytidine Base Editing in Rapeseed (. L).

Rapeseed is one of the world's most important sources of oilseed crops. Single nucleotide substitution is the basis of most genetic variation underpinning important agronomic traits. Therefore, genome-wide and target-specific base editing will greatly facilitate precision plant molecular breeding.

Fine mapping and candidate gene analysis of a major locus controlling ovule abortion and seed number per silique in Brassica napus L.

A major QTL controlling ovule abortion and SN was fine-mapped to a 80.1-kb region on A8 in rapeseed, and BnaA08g07940D and BnaA08g07950D are the most likely candidate genes. The seed number per silique (SN), an important yield determining trait of rapeseed, is the final consequence of a complex developmental process including ovule initiation and the subsequent ovule/seed development.

Targeted mutagenesis of BnTT8 homologs controls yellow seed coat development for effective oil production in Brassica napus L.

Yellow seed is a desirable trait with great potential for improving seed quality in Brassica crops. Unfortunately, no natural or induced yellow seed germplasms have been found in Brassica napus, an important oil crop, which likely reflects its genome complexity and the difficulty of the simultaneous random mutagenesis of multiple gene copies with functional redundancy. Here, we demonstrate the first application of CRISPR/Cas9 for creating yellow-seeded mutants in rapeseed.