5-HT6R-ATR-primary cilia network supports morphine-related memory extinction in the medial prefrontal cortex.

Drug addiction involves pathological learning and memory with serious personal and societal effects. Primary cilia on the cell surface are crucial for signal transduction. The 5-HT6R, highly localized in primary cilia, is linked to cognitive and emotional disorders, but its role in morphine-related reward memory is unclear.

Baicalein reduces cardiac inflammatory infiltration in EAM mice by blocking the CCL2-CCR2 signaling axis through its binding with TNF-α and CCR2.

Myocarditis refers to localized or diffuse inflammatory lesions of the myocardium. Experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) in mice is commonly utilized as an animal model for studying the pathogenesis of myocarditis. Baicalein (BAI), the main active component extracted from Scutellaria baicalensis root, has been proven to possess diverse effects such as anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and antioxidant activities.

Antibiotic treatment improves gut dysbiosis and depression-like behavior induced by morphine withdrawal.

Opioid withdrawal poses a significant neuropsychiatric challenge, notably contributing to the onset of depression. Depression intertwines with gut flora richness and diversity, frequently coinciding with synaptic plasticity alterations in the brain. Gut microbiota dysbiosis potentially contributes to withdrawal-triggered depression via gut-brain axis.

Implementation of simulated driving tests and interviews to investigate the impact of gender on rail transit driving tasks.

BackgroundThe rail transit sector is experiencing growing gender diversity and increasing system automation. Understanding how gender influences drivers' trust in automation, operational performance, and perceived workload is crucial for ensuring safe and equitable development.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate gender differences in automation trust, task performance, and subjective workload in rail transit driving tasks and to explore the interrelationships among these factors.

Puerarin exerts an inhibitory effect on inflammatory infiltration in the cardiac tissue of EAM mice by regulation of the TNF-α/CCL2/CCR2 signal pathway.

Autoimmune myocarditis can result in dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure, but effective drugs and clear therapeutic targets are still lacking. Experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) serves as the primary animal model utilized for investigating human myocarditis. Puerarin (PUE), a compound derived from the root of Pueraria lobata, exhibits a broad spectrum of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects; nevertheless, its underlying mechanism remains elusive.

The Histone Lysine Demethylase KDM7A Contributes to Reward Memory via Fscn1-Induced Synaptic Plasticity in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex.

Lysine demethylase 7A (KDM7A) catalyzes the removal of dimethylation from histone H3 lysine 9 and lysine 27, both of which are associated with transcription repression. Previous study indicates that Kdm7a mRNA in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) increases after drug exposure, yet its role in drug-related behaviors is largely unknown. In a morphine-conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm, these findings reveal a specific increase of Kdm7a expression in the mPFC 7 days after drug withdrawal.

Stage-specificity of STING activation in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma determines the efficacy of its agonism.

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is an aggressive cancer with an extremely poor prognosis, and new treatment options are needed. Recently, immunotherapy has emerged as an efficient treatment against malignant tumors, but less effective in iCCA. Activation of stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling could reignite immunologically inert tumors, but the expression and role of STING in iCCA remains to be determined.

Effects of a color gradient and emoji in AR-HUD warning interfaces in autonomous vehicles on takeover performance and driver emotions.

Objective: This study examined the effects of color gradients and emojis in an augmented reality-head-up display (AR-HUD) warning interface on driver emotions and takeover performance.

Methods: A total of 48 participants were grouped into four different warning interfaces for a simulated self-driving takeover experiment. Two-way analysis of variance and the Kruskal-Wallis test was used to analyze takeover time, mood, task load, and system availability.

Neuroprotective Effect of Hydrogen Sulfide Subchronic Treatment Against TBI-Induced Ferroptosis and Cognitive Deficits Mediated Through Wnt Signaling Pathway.

Emerging evidence shows that targeting ferroptosis may be a potential therapeutic strategy for treating traumatic brain injury (TBI). Hydrogen sulfide (HS) has been proven to play a neuroprotective role in TBI, but little is known about the effects of HS on TBI-induced ferroptosis. In addition, it is reported that the Wnt signaling pathway can also actively regulate ferroptosis.

Moderate Intensity of Treadmill Exercise Rescues TBI-Induced Ferroptosis, Neurodegeneration, and Cognitive Impairments via Suppressing STING Pathway.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a universal leading cause of long-term neurological disability and causes a huge burden to an ever-growing population. Moderate intensity of treadmill exercise has been recognized as an efficient intervention to combat TBI-induced motor and cognitive disorders, yet the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Ferroptosis is known to be highly implicated in TBI pathophysiology, and the anti-ferroptosis effects of treadmill exercise have been reported in other neurological diseases except for TBI.

Phosphorylation of Neurofilament Light Chain in the VLO Is Correlated with Morphine-Induced Behavioral Sensitization in Rats.

Neurofilament light chain (NF-L) plays critical roles in synapses that are relevant to neuropsychiatric diseases. Despite postmortem evidence that NF-L is decreased in opiate abusers, its role and underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. We found that the microinjection of the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor Trichostatin A (TSA) into the ventrolateral orbital cortex (VLO) attenuated chronic morphine-induced behavioral sensitization.

Influence of Multi-Modal Warning Interface on Takeover Efficiency of Autonomous High-Speed Train.

As a large-scale public transport mode, the driving safety of high-speed rail has a profound impact on public health. In this study, we determined the most efficient multi-modal warning interface for automatic driving of a high-speed train and put forward suggestions for optimization and improvement. Forty-eight participants were selected, and a simulated 350 km/h high-speed train driving experiment equipped with a multi-modal warning interface was carried out.

Influence of optical zone on myopic correction in small incision lenticule extraction: a short-term study.

Background: To evaluate the influence of preoperative optical zone on myopic correction in small incision lenticule extraction.

Methods: In this retrospective clinical study, 581 eyes from 316 patients underwent SMILE were selected, including 117 eyes in the small optical zone group (range from 6.0 to 6.

The impact of different AR-HUD virtual warning interfaces on the takeover performance and visual characteristics of autonomous vehicles.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the different effects of the arrow-pointing augmented reality head-up display (AR-HUD) interface, virtual shadow AR-HUD interface, and non-AR-HUD interface on autonomous vehicle takeover efficiency and driver eye movement characteristics in different driving scenarios.

Methods: Thirty-six participants were selected to carry out a simulated driving experiment, and the eye movement index and takeover time were analyzed.

Results: The arrow pointing AR-HUD interface and the virtual shadow AR-HUD interface could effectively reduce the driver's visual distraction, improve the efficiency of obtaining visual information, reduce the number of times the driver's eyes leave the road, and improve the efficiency of the takeover compared with the non-AR-HUD interface, but there was no significant difference in eye movement indexes between the arrow pointing AR-HUD interface and the more eye-catching virtual shadow AR-HUD interface.

Estimation of thyroid volume from scintigraphy through 2D/3D registration of a statistical shape model.

Accurate measurement of thyroid volume is important for thyroid disease diagnosis and therapy. In nuclear medicine, the thyroid volume is usually estimated from scintigraphy images using empirical equations. However, due to the lack of volumetric information from the scintigraphy image, the accuracy of equation-based estimation is imperfect.