Clinical Utility of Salivary Steroid Profiling for the Differential Diagnosis of Adrenal Diseases.

Context: Although salivary steroid sampling offers several advantages, the diagnostic potential of salivary steroid metabolites remains largely unexplored.Objective To evaluate the diagnostic utility of salivary steroid profiling in patients with adrenal diseases.

Design: Prospective multicenter study.

Machine learning-based classification of adrenal tumors using clinical, hormonal, and body composition data.

Objective: Accurate diagnosis of adrenal tumors, including mild autonomous cortisol secretion (MACS), adrenal Cushing's syndrome (ACS), primary aldosteronism (PA), pheochromocytoma (PCC), and nonfunctioning adrenal adenomas (NFAs), is crucial but challenging. We aimed to develop a machine learning (ML)-based single-step diagnostic method for differentiating adrenal tumors by integrating clinical data, serum adrenal hormone profiles (SAPs), and body composition data.

Methods: A total of 641 patients with adrenal tumors (MACS = 141, ACS = 64, PA = 265, PCC = 78, and NFA = 93), excluding adrenal metastases and adrenocortical carcinoma, were enrolled from Seoul National University Hospital.

Radiofrequency ablation for patients with primary hyperparathyroidism: a multicenter non-randomized open-label single-arm prospective clinical trial.

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy, safety, and factors influencing the response to radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) in a prospective multicenter trial.

Materials And Methods: Between September 2022 and June 2024, 34 patients with 35 parathyroid lesions who either refused surgery or were ineligible for it underwent RFA for treatment of PHPT across three hospitals. Nodule size, volume, and biochemical data were compared before and after treatment (at 2 h, 1 week, and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months).

Factors associated with nursing students' satisfaction with simulation-based assessments: interaction between psychological safety and gender in a cross-sectional study.

Background: Simulation-based learning (SBL) provides realistic clinical scenarios within a safe and controlled environment, allowing students to develop clinical skills without posing risks to patient safety. However, heightened anxiety surrounding performance assessments may hinder nursing students' learning outcomes, with potential gender-based differences. Identifying factors associated with student satisfaction in SBL is crucial to optimize learning experience and improve educational strategies.

Impact of Serious Infection on Mortality of Patients With Chronic Liver Disease: A Nationwide Population-based Cohort Study.

Background & Aims: This study aimed to investigate the impact of serious infection on mortality of patients with chronic liver disease (CLD).

Methods: This study was conducted on 1,699,159 patients with CLD from the Korean National Health Insurance Service between 2009 and 2021. Serious infection was defined as acute meningitis, acute osteomyelitis, bacteremia, pneumonia, pyelonephritis, serious gastrointestinal infection, skin and soft tissue infections, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, or COVID-19 infection.

Fracture risks in patients aged 50 years and older with panhypopituitarism: a nationwide cohort study.

Unlabelled: This study investigated fracture risks in 3,877 older adults with panhypopituitarism compared with matched controls using Korean health insurance data. Findings showed higher risks of major osteoporotic, spine, and hip fractures in both men and women with panhypopituitarism compared to controls, with a more pronounced increase in risk among men.

Purpose: Patients with hypopituitarism are known to have increased cardiovascular risk and mortality; however, data on fracture risk are limited.

Deep Learning-Based Classification of NSCLC-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Using AFM Nanomechanical Signatures.

Nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality, with liquid biopsy emerging as a promising tool for noninvasive diagnostics. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) serve as molecular messengers of the tumor microenvironment, yet precise characterization methods remain limited. Using atomic force microscopy (AFM), we analyzed EVs from NSCLC subtypes (A549, PC9, PC9/GR) and nontumorigenic bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B), revealing that A549-derived EVs exhibited significantly higher stiffness, likely due to mutation-associated lipid alterations.

Deep Learning-Based Adrenal Gland Volumetry for the Prediction of Diabetes.

Background: The long-term association between adrenal gland volume (AGV) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains unclear. We aimed to determine the association between deep learning-based AGV and current glycemic status and incident T2D.

Methods: In this observational study, adults who underwent abdominopelvic computed tomography (CT) for health checkups (2011-2012), but had no adrenal nodules, were included.

Alizarin, which reduces ExoS, attenuates inflammation by P. aeruginosa in H292 cells.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is resistant to several drugs as well as antibiotics and is thus classified as multidrug resistant and extensively drug resistant. These bacteria have a secretion system called the "type 3 secretion system (T3SS)", which facilitates infection by delivering an effector protein.

Efficacy and safety of radiofrequency ablation for hyperparathyroidism: a meta-analysis and systematic review.

Objective: Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is increasingly being investigated as a treatment for parathyroid lesions, with favorable outcomes, especially in patients who are ineligible for surgery or decline surgery. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of RFA in treating hyperparathyroidism.

Materials And Methods: PubMed and Embase were searched for original literature published on or before July 18, 2024.

Phenotype of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma by germline mutation: a Korean multicenter study.

Recent advances in genetic testing have challenged the traditional genotype-phenotype correlation in pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGL). We aimed to characterize the genotype-phenotype correlations in PPGL in a large Korean cohort and compare our findings with those from other countries. We retrospectively analyzed 627 patients with PPGL from two centers who underwent genetic testing for germline pathogenic variants (PVs) from 2000 to 2023 to examine the prevalence of clusters and their correlation with specific phenotypes.

Body composition and cardiometabolic risks of patients with adrenal tumours in relation to hormonal activity: a large cross-sectional single-centre study.

Objective: We aimed to examine how different types of adrenal hormone excess influence body composition.

Design: A retrospective, cross-sectional, single-centre study.

Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 2971 consecutive adults with adrenal tumours and age-, sex-, and body mass index-matched controls at a 1:3 ratio.

Two-Stage Deep Learning Model for Adrenal Nodule Detection on CT Images: A Retrospective Study.

Background The detection and classification of adrenal nodules are crucial for their management. Purpose To develop and test a deep learning model to automatically depict adrenal nodules on abdominal CT images and to simulate triaging performance in combination with human interpretation. Materials and Methods This retrospective study (January 2000-December 2020) used an internal dataset enriched with adrenal nodules for model training and testing and an external dataset reflecting real-world practice for further simulated testing in combination with human interpretation.

Sex-Specific Cardiovascular Risks and Mortality in Patients with Panhypopituitarism: A Nationwide Cohort Study.

Backgruound: Panhypopituitarism is a condition of combined deficiency of multiple pituitary hormones, which requires lifelong hormone replacement therapy. Hormone deficiency or inadequate hormone replacement may contribute to cardiovascular disease. Here, we aimed to investigate the burden of cardiovascular, cerebrovascular diseases and mortality in patients with panhypopituitarism.

Comparison of the Effectiveness and Hypocalcemia Risk of Antiresorptive Agents in Patients with Hypercalcemia of Malignancy.

Backgruound: Hypercalcemia of malignancy (HCM), a major metabolic complication of cancer, is often managed with bisphosphonates (BP) and, increasingly, with denosumab. We aimed to compare the effectiveness and safety of denosumab with that of BP, with or without calcitonin, in treating HCM.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted at a tertiary hospital from 2017 to 2022 and included 317 patients treated for HCM.

Aetiology of chronic liver disease is a valuable factor for stratifying adverse outcomes of acute decompensation: prospective observational study.

Background/aims: Acute decompensation (AD) is defined as the development of complications related to portal hypertension and liver dysfunction that affect the progression of chronic liver disease (CLD) or liver cirrhosis (LC). Variations exist in patient demographics and prognostic outcomes of AD based on the aetiology of CLD, encompassing LC. However, limited research has been conducted to analyse these discrepancies across aetiologies.

The Modified S-GRAS Scoring System for Prognosis in Korean with Adrenocortical Carcinoma.

Backgruound: Adrenocortical carcinomas (ACCs) are rare tumors with aggressive but varied prognosis. Stage, Grade, Resection status, Age, Symptoms (S-GRAS) score, based on clinical and pathological factors, was found to best stratify the prognosis of European ACC patients. This study assessed the prognostic performance of modified S-GRAS (mS-GRAS) scores including modified grade (mG) by integrating mitotic counts into the Ki67 index (original grade), in Korean ACC patients.

A Computed Tomography-Based Fracture Prediction Model With Images of Vertebral Bones and Muscles by Employing Deep Learning: Development and Validation Study.

Background: With the progressive increase in aging populations, the use of opportunistic computed tomography (CT) scanning is increasing, which could be a valuable method for acquiring information on both muscles and bones of aging populations.

Objective: The aim of this study was to develop and externally validate opportunistic CT-based fracture prediction models by using images of vertebral bones and paravertebral muscles.

Methods: The models were developed based on a retrospective longitudinal cohort study of 1214 patients with abdominal CT images between 2010 and 2019.

Effectiveness synchronous e-learning in nursing education: A meta-analysis and subgroup analysis.

Aim: This study aimed to identify the best available evidence of the effects of synchronous e-learning in nursing education through a meta-analysis and to compare mean effect sizes between study subgroups.

Background: With the rapid development of synchronous e-learning, adequate preparation is essential, as the formulation of effective educational strategies is crucial for learners' success. However, rather than focusing solely on using technology to implement e-learning, instructors should design education programs that meet learning objectives while considering appropriate technologies and types of interactions.