Lamina Cribrosa Steepness Index to Measure the Morphology of the Lamina Cribrosa in Myopic Eyes With Optic Disc Distortion.

Purpose: To propose a new parameter for evaluating lamina cribrosa (LC) morphology in myopic eyes with optic nerve head (ONH) distortion.

Methods: This study included 169 eyes with normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) and myopic ONH distortion from the Myopic NTG Treatment Study. The LC curvature index (LCCI) and the LC steepness index (LCSI) were assessed in optical coherence tomography B-scan images obtained using an enhanced-depth imaging technique.

Natural Course and Risk Factors of Glaucoma Development in the Untreated Fellow Eye in Unilateral Normal-Tension Glaucoma.

Purpose: To test whether the level of intraocular pressure (IOP) significantly affects the development of glaucoma in the untreated fellow eye of patients with unilateral normal-tension glaucoma (NTG).

Methods: Long-term observational study on consecutive patients newly diagnosed with unilateral NTG and followed up for >5 years with more than five IOP measurements. We investigated the factors associated with NTG development in the untreated fellow eye, including the longitudinal IOP profile.

Corneal enlargement in congenital glaucoma exhibits predominant peripheral corneal thinning.

We aimed to investigate regional corneal thickness changes in patients with congenital glaucoma and enlarged corneas. Medical records of patients with primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) and two control groups of pediatric patients with intermittent exotropia and adult myopic normal tension glaucoma (NTG) patients were reviewed. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) was used to measure corneal thickness at seven locations along the 3-9 o'clock meridian: the center, midpoint of the 2-5-mm pericentral zone, corneo-limbal junction, and scleral spur on temporal and nasal sides.

Understanding glaucoma as astrocyte-driven neurodegeneration in the optic nerve head: an integrative clinicopathological perspective.

Glaucoma is characterized by the progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), primarily driven by axonal degeneration within the optic nerve head (ONH). Recent advances in neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation research have opened new astrocyte-centered perspectives on glaucoma pathogenesis. Critical evaluation of emerging evidence suggests that ONH astrocyte changes may serve as the primary driver of pathogenesis, with loss of astrocytic support playing a substantial role.

Deep learning-assisted 10-μL single droplet-based viscometry for human aqueous humor.

Probing the viscosity of human aqueous humor is crucial for optimizing micro-tube shunts in glaucoma treatment. However, conventional viscometers are not suitable for aqueous humor due to the limited sample volume-only tens of microliters-that can be safely extracted without causing permanent ocular damage. Here, we present an artificial intelligence-assisted microfluidic viscometry for measuring 10-μL aqueous humor collected at the point of care.

Sleep duration modifies the association between obstructive sleep apnea risk and glaucoma: evidence from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the combined effects of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) risk and short sleep duration on glaucoma prevalence and intraocular pressure (IOP) using data from the 2019 to 2021 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES).

Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed data from 7,732 KNHANES participants aged ≥ 40 years. OSA risk was assessed using the STOP-BANG questionnaire, with a high risk defined as a score ≥ 3.

Enlargement of microvascular dropout toward the disc-fovea axis indicates new central visual field defect in glaucoma.

We aimed to evaluate the relationship between the increase in choroidal microvascular dropout (MvD) toward the disc-fovea axis and the development of central visual field defect (CVFD) in patients with glaucoma. We retrospectively reviewed the longitudinal medical records of patients who underwent at least two optical coherence tomography angiographies (OCTA) with significant macular retinal ganglion cell (RGC) damage at baseline. Patients were divided into three groups: Group 1, no CVFD; Group 2, new CVFD during the follow-up period; and Group 3, CVFD at baseline.

Measurement of Aqueous Humor Viscosity in an Experimental Rabbit Model With Corneal Neovascularization.

Purpose: This study investigated the relationship between aqueous humor (AH) viscosity and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) in a corneal neovascularization (CNV) model.

Methods: Ten female New Zealand rabbits were divided into two groups (n = 5 each). CNV was induced by alkaline burns on the right corneas of group B, whereas group A underwent a sham procedure.

Short-term efficacy and safety of A-stream glaucoma shunt: a 6-month study.

Purpose: This study evaluated the short-term efficacy and safety of the A-stream Glaucoma Shunt (A-stream; MICROT Inc., Republic of Korea) in patients who completed 6 months of follow-up after implantation.

Methods: Medical records of 49 patients (49 eyes) who underwent A-stream implantation between October 2023 and February 2024 were retrospectively reviewed.

Earliest location of glaucomatous retinal nerve fibre layer damage is determined by intact baseline RNFL thickness profile.

Background/aims: To identify whether an intact retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness profile could determine the location of the earliest RNFL defect in glaucoma.

Methods: Retrospective longitudinal cohort study of patients with initial unilateral glaucoma who eventually developed new glaucoma in the fellow eye. Guided progression analysis (GPA) of serial optical coherence tomography (OCT) examinations was used to identify the angular locations of the earliest RNFL defect, peak and temporal edge of the baseline RNFL profile and major vessels based on the peripapillary OCT scan circle.

Differential protein expression and metabolite profiling in glaucoma: Insights from a multi-omics analysis.

Various substances within the aqueous humor (AH) can directly or indirectly impact intraocular tissues associated with intraocular pressure (IOP), a critical factor in glaucoma development. This study aims to investigate individual changes in these AH substances and the interactions among altered components through a multi-omics approach. LC/MS analysis was conducted on AH samples from patients with exfoliation syndrome (XFS, n = 5), exfoliation glaucoma (XFG, n = 4), primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG, n = 11), and cataracts (control group, n = 7).

Deep Optic Nerve Head Morphology in Tilted Disc Syndrome and Its Clinical Implication on Visual Damage.

Purpose: To study deep optic nerve head (ONH) morphology in tilted disc syndrome (TDS) and identify factors associated with retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) defect.

Methods: In patients with TDS, we evaluated the optic disc shape using the Bruch's membrane opening (BMO)-anterior scleral canal opening (ASCO) offset and measured the border tissue (BT) length, depth, and angle in the direction of the tilt, using radial ONH optical coherence tomography (OCT). We compared the parameters between the TDS groups with and without RNFL defects.

Peripapillary Vascular Density in Compressive Optic Neuropathy and Normal-Tension Glaucoma: A Severity-Controlled Comparison.

Purpose: To investigate the differences in peripapillary vessel density (VD) between compressive optic neuropathy (CON) and normal-tension glaucoma (NTG).

Methods: We compared patients with chronic CON and NTG, particularly after strictly controlling the mean extent of macular damage by the area of the ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) loss in optical coherence tomography (OCT). We compared retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and GCIPL thickness from OCT and peripapillary and macular VD from OCT angiography (OCTA) between the CON and NTG groups.

Filtering Bleb Size in the Early Postoperative Period Affects the Long-term Surgical Outcome after Trabeculectomy.

Purpose: To investigate whether postoperative filtering bleb size affects the surgical outcome after trabeculectomy.

Methods: In this study, we retrospectively reviewed 145 medically uncontrolled glaucoma patients with intraocular pressure (IOP) values >21 mmHg before surgery and data from ≥2 years of follow-up. Postoperative IOP, filtering bleb size including extent and height, and other clinical factors were measured after trabeculectomy.

Border tissue morphology is associated with macular ganglion cell thickness in open-angle glaucoma.

Externally oblique border tissue (EOBT) configuration is topographically associated with glaucomatous damage in the optic nerve head. We investigated the relationship between the EOBT characteristics and macular retinal ganglion cell (RGC) thickness in patients with open-angle glaucoma (OAG). A total of 149 eyes with OAG that had an EOBT observed on optical coherence tomography exams were included.

Association between atrial fibrillation and the risk of glaucoma development: a 12-year Nationwide cohort study.

Objective: To investigate the risk of glaucoma development in patients with atrial fibrillation (A-fib) using Korean National Health Insurance Service data.

Methods: The present study used a National Sample Cohort consisting of approximately one million random subjects who were tracked from 2002 to 2013 (12 years). Newly diagnosed glaucoma and A-fib were included based on the Korean Classification of Disease codes.

Ancillary PanoMap OCT shows the progression of glaucomatous papillomacular bundle defect with disc haemorrhage on the fovea-disc axis.

Background/aims: To identify the spatial relationship between disc haemorrhage (DH) on the fovea-disc axis and retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) defect in the papillomacular bundle (PMB) using ancillary PanoMap optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Methods: We investigated the presence and progression of spatially corresponding PMB defects in glaucomatous eyes with temporally located DH on the fovea-disc axis (FoDi-DH). We identified PMB defects using ancillary PanoMap OCT with guided progression analysis, in addition to red-free photographs.

Border tissue morphology is associated with the pattern of visual field progression in open-angle glaucoma.

The etiology of open-angle glaucoma (OAG) is yet unclear. This study investigated possible risk factors, such as the morphology of the border tissue that affect the pattern of visual field (VF) progression in eyes with OAG. 166 eyes of 166 OAG patients with an externally oblique border tissue (EOBT) at least in one direction were included.

Topographic Relationships among Deep Optic Nerve Head Parameters in Patients with Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma.

Purpose: To investigate the topographic relationships among the deep optic nerve head (ONH) parameters representing myopic axial elongation or changes in the lamina cribrosa (LC) in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).

Methods: Among patients with POAG who visited the clinic between January 2015 and March 2017, the following deep ONH parameters were measured using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT): externally oblique border tissue (EOBT) length, ONH tilt angle, optic canal (OC) obliqueness, and anterior LC insertion depth (ALID). In addition, the angular locations of the maximal value of each parameter were measured.

Comparative Topographical Analysis of Choroidal Microvascular Dropout Between Glaucoma and Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy.

Purpose: To identify the presence of choroidal microvascular dropout (MvD) in nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) eyes and to characterize the topographical distribution for the mechanistic interpretation of MvD development.

Methods: We performed optical coherence tomography angiography on 47 open-angle glaucoma (OAG) and 19 NAION eyes with β-zone peripapillary atrophy (βPPA). We recorded the presence of MvD and compared between the peripapillary topographical measures of MvD, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) defect, and βPPA in angular width and location.

Methodology and Rationale for Ophthalmic Examinations in the Seventh and Eighth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (2017-2021).

This report provides a detailed description of the methodology for ophthalmic examinations according to the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) VII and VIII (from 2017 to 2021). The KNHANES is a nationwide survey which has been performed since 1998 in representatives of whole Korean population. During the KNHANES VII and VIII, in addition to the ophthalmic questionnaire, intraocular pressure measurement, visual field test, auto refractometry, axial length and optical coherence tomography measurements were included.

Ahmed implant coated with poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) inhibits foreign body reactions in rabbit eyes.

Purpose: Wound healing after Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implantation often entails fibrosis as a foreign body reaction to the silicone plate. Poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (PMPC) forms an antifouling surface that inhibits fibrosis during wound healing. In this study, we aimed to compare the effects of the implantation of AGV coated with PMPC (wPMPC) versus AGV without PMPC (woPMPC) in rabbits.