Comparative analysis of bevacizumab and sorafenib on the survival of retinal ganglion cells in the treatment of retinal diseases.

This study investigates the effects of bevacizumab, a common vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitor, in treating ocular neovascular disorders, with a focus on its impact on retinal ganglion cell (RGC) survival. Given that bevacizumab has been associated with adverse effects on RGCs, we aimed to validate these reports, identify an alternative VEGF inhibitor with similar antiangiogenic efficacy but without detrimental effects on RGCs, and explore the underlying mechanisms. Using primary RGCs extracted from neonatal rats and human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs), we compared the efficacy of bevacizumab with other VEGF inhibitors and assessed the apoptotic effects and cell survival pathways influenced by these treatments.

Risk of Depression in Persistent Blue Light Deprivation after Cataract Surgery: APopulation-BasedCohort Study.

Purpose: To identify the risk of depression in individuals exposed to persistent blue light deprivation through blue light-filtering (BLF) intraocular lenses (IOLs) based on previous studies that found blue light to promote affective arousal and modulate emotional responses.

Design: Population-based cohort analysis.

Participants: Individuals who underwent cataract removal and IOL implantation in both eyes within 1 year between January 2012 and December 2018.

Controversies, consensuses, and guidelines for acute primary angle closure attack (APACA) by the Asia-Pacific Glaucoma Society (APGS) and the Academy of Asia-Pacific Professors of Ophthalmology (AAPPO).

The Asia-Pacific Glaucoma Society (APGS), in collaboration with the Academy of Asia-Pacific Professors of Ophthalmology (AAPPO), convened a panel of 18 international experts from 10 countries/territories to identify areas of controversy and establish consensus on diagnosing and managing Acute Primary Angle Closure Attack (APACA). APACA is a relatively common and potentially vision-threatening ocular emergency, particularly in Chinese and Asian populations. With timely and appropriate intervention, favorable outcomes could be achieved.

Effects of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-7 on Steroid-Induced Extracellular Matrix Accumulation in Human Trabecular Meshwork Cells.

Long-term steroid use, though essential for treating eye diseases, can cause increased intraocular pressure (IOP) in susceptible individuals and may lead to steroid-induced glaucoma in a subset of patients. This study investigated the effect of bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) on steroid-induced extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis in human trabecular meshwork (TM) cells. We sought to explore the potential of BMP-7 as a protective agent against steroid-induced ECM accumulation in the TM.

Neuroprotective Mechanisms of Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor in Retinal Ganglion Cells: Insights from Microarray Analysis.

Purpose: This study investigated the changes in gene expression in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) following ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) treatment to elucidate the underlying mechanisms contributing to its neuroprotective effects.

Methods: RGCs isolated from Sprague-Dawley rat pups were treated with recombinant CNTF. Gene expression was analyzed via microarray.

Association between normal tension glaucoma and the risk of obstructive sleep apnoea using the STOP-Bang questionnaire.

Background: To assess the association between patients with normal tension glaucoma (NTG) and the risk of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) using the STOP-Bang questionnaire.

Methods: A population-based cross-sectional analysis was performed using data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2019 to 2021. An overall of 8832 subjects ≥ 40 years of age were investigated.

Efficacy and safety of the enhanced monofocal intraocular lens in glaucoma of varying severity.

This study evaluates the safety and visual outcomes of enhanced monofocal intraocular lenses compared to standard monofocal intraocular lenses in patients with varying severities of glaucoma. Utilizing data from surgeries performed in 2021, the study involved patients aged 40 and older with visually significant cataracts and diagnosed glaucoma or glaucoma suspects. The findings indicate that both enhanced and standard monofocal lenses lead to significant improvements in best-corrected visual acuity, visual field index, mean deviation, and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness postoperatively.

Artificial Intelligence in Predicting Ocular Hypertension After Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty.

Purpose: Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) has emerged as a novel approach in corneal transplantation over the past two decades. This study aims to identify predisposing risk factors for post-DMEK ocular hypertension (OHT) and develop a preoperative predictive model for post-DMEK OHT.

Methods: Patients who underwent DMEK at Gangnam Severance Hospital between 2017 and 2024 were included in the study.

Longitudinal corneal hysteresis changes predict structural progression in medically controlled, early-to-moderate, open-angle glaucoma with a history of refractive surgery.

Background: The present study aims to identify the relationship between longitudinal changes in corneal hysteresis (CH) and progressive retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thinning in a cohort of medically controlled, early-to-moderate open-angle glaucoma (OAG) patients with a history of laser refractive surgery (LRS).

Methods: A total of 123 consecutive eyes with a diagnosis of medically controlled (peak intraocular pressure (IOP)<18 mm Hg), early-to-moderate OAG with a history of LRS underwent measurements of CH, corneal-compensated intraocular pressure (IOPcc) and RNFL thicknesses every 6 months. Linear models were used to investigate the relationship between CH change and RNFL thickness change over time.

Changes in the Incidence of Optic Neuritis before and after the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak: A Nationwide Study 2017-2022.

Purpose: To determine the risk of optic neuritis (ON) during nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPI), vaccination, and infection phases of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in comparison with levels before the outbreak in pediatric and adult populations in South Korea.

Design: A nationwide, population-based retrospective study.

Participants: South Korean individuals with a primary diagnosis of ON received between January 2017 and December 2022.

Baseline intraocular pressure: an independent risk factor in severe steroid-induced ocular hypertension after intravitreal dexamethasone implant.

Purpose: To evaluate the baseline intraocular pressure (IOP)-related risk of severe steroid-induced ocular hypertension (SIOH). We hypothesized that the incidence and severity of SIOH may differ according to baseline IOP in patients who received intravitreal dexamethasone implants.

Methods: A total of 889 eyes treated with intravitreal dexamethasone implants and a baseline IOP of ≤ 23 mmHg were enrolled.

Effect of antihypertensive medications on the risk of open-angle glaucoma.

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of antihypertensive medication on risks of open-angle glaucoma (OAG) among patients diagnosed with hypertension (HTN). A total of 5,195 patients, who were diagnosed with HTN between January 1, 2006 and December 31, 2015, and subsequently diagnosed with OAG, were selected for analysis. For each OAG patient, 5 non-glaucomatous, hypertensive controls were matched (n = 25,975) in hypertension diagnosis date, residential area, insurance type and economic status.

Alterations of Macular Structure in Non-Glaucomatous Subjects With Obstructive Pulmonary Function.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify possible associations between obstructive pulmonary function and macular structure parameters on optical coherence tomography (OCT) and angiography in subjects without glaucomatous optic neuropathy.

Methods: A total of 70 patients were prospectively enrolled from June to December 2021 as a part of All About Life Yongin-Pulmonary/Psychiatry, Rehabilitation, Eye (AALY PRE) cohort in Yongin Severance Hospital. Patients underwent intraocular pressure (IOP), visual acuity measurements, cirrus OCT, OCT angiography, and pulmonary function testing (PFT) on the same day.

Clinical characteristics of open-angle glaucoma progression with peripapillary microvasculature dropout in different locations.

Objective: The study attempted to identify clinical characteristics associated with structural progression in open-angle glaucoma (OAG) in the presence of MvD in different locations.

Methods: A total of 181 consecutive OAG eyes (follow-up 7.3 ± 4.

Optic Nerve Head Morphology is Associated with the Initial Location of Structural Progression in Early Open Angle Glaucoma.

Prcis: Glaucoma eyes with a small cup-to-disk ratio (CDR) tend to show retinal nerve fiber layer progression earlier than ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer progression.

Purpose: To investigate the effects of clinical variables on the temporal relationship between macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (mGCIPL) loss and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) loss in glaucoma.

Methods: This retrospective observational study used medical records of patients diagnosed with open angle glaucoma.

Effect of Intraoperative Mitomycin C on the Surgical Outcomes of Ahmed Glaucoma Valve Implantation with Ciliary Sulcus Tube Placement.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of intraoperative mitomycin C (MMC) on the surgical outcomes of ciliary sulcus (CS) Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) tube placement.

Methods: A retrospective review of medical records of 54 consecutive patients who underwent AGV implantation with tube placed in CS was performed. Consecutive cases operated without the use of intraoperative MMC from 2017 to 2019 were compared with consecutive cases operated with MMC from 2019 to 2021.

Association of trabecular meshwork height with steroid-induced ocular hypertension.

It is important to identify at-risk patients prior to administering steroid injections to prevent avoidable irreversible blindness inducted by steroid-induced ocular hypertension (SIOH). We aimed to investigate the association of SIOH following intravitreal dexamethasone implantation (OZURDEX) using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). We conducted a retrospective case control study to assess the association between trabecular meshwork and SIOH.

Increased Risks of Open-Angle Glaucoma in Untreated Hypertension.

Purpose: Hypertension (HTN) has been associated with open-angle glaucoma (OAG), but whether elevated blood pressure (BP) alone is associated with OAG is unknown. Whether stage 1 hypertension, as per the 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) BP guidelines, increases the risk of the disease is uncertain.

Design: Retrospective, observational, cohort study.