Consumption of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages before 2 Years of Age and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.

Introduction: This study examined the association between sugar-sweetened beverage consumption before the first 24 months of life and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Methods: A population administrative cohort study was conducted in Korea (2008-2019) using linked national insurance data and a health screening survey. The cohort included 25,305 children in the exposed group with high sugar-sweetened beverage drinks (≥200 mL) and 339,931 in the reference groups (<200 mL) at 24 months of age.

Age-related effects of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection and subsequent asthma exacerbation in children.

Background: Mycoplasma pneumoniae causes community-acquired pneumonia in children and increases asthma risk, but large studies are lacking.

Objective: To assess the link between M. pneumoniae infection and to asthma exacerbation, in children with allergies, and age of infection impact.

Investigating the occurrence of autoimmune diseases among children and adolescents hospitalized for infections.

Background: infection is common in the general population and may be followed by immune dysfunction, but links with subsequent autoimmune disease remain inconclusive.

Objective: To estimate the association of infection with the risk of subsequent autoimmune disease.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study examined the medical records of South Korean children from 01/01/2002 to 31/12/2017.

Association between statin use and the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma after resection: a nationwide cohort study.

Background: The majority of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) following hepatic resection experience tumor recurrence. Statin use is associated with a reduced risk of HCC development; however, the association between statin use and the prognosis of HCC after resection remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the effect of statin use on the prognosis after hepatic resection among patients with HCC.

Effect of antihypertensive medications on the risk of open-angle glaucoma.

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of antihypertensive medication on risks of open-angle glaucoma (OAG) among patients diagnosed with hypertension (HTN). A total of 5,195 patients, who were diagnosed with HTN between January 1, 2006 and December 31, 2015, and subsequently diagnosed with OAG, were selected for analysis. For each OAG patient, 5 non-glaucomatous, hypertensive controls were matched (n = 25,975) in hypertension diagnosis date, residential area, insurance type and economic status.

Associations between Delayed Introduction of Complementary Foods and Childhood Health Consequences in Exclusively Breastfed Children.

The timing of complementary food (CF) introduction is closely related to childhood health, and it may vary depending on the region, culture, feeding type, or health condition. Despite numerous studies on the benefits of breastfeeding and the optimal timing of CF introduction, there have been limited investigations regarding delayed CF introduction in exclusively breastfed children. We compared an exposed group (CF introduction ≥7 months) with a reference group (CF introduction at 4 -< 7 months) regarding hospital admission, disease burden, and growth until age 10.

Association between atopic dermatitis and school readiness in preschool children.

Background: Although atopic dermatitis (AD) in children affects diverse stages of life, no studies have reported on the association between school readiness and AD.

Methods: This study used Korean National Health Insurance data and the Health Screening Program for Infants and Children. Among all children born between 2008 and 2012 in Korea, those who were assessed for school readiness through questionnaires in a health screening program performed at 54 and 60 months old were enrolled.

Assessment of Neurodevelopment and Growth in Congenital Hypothyroidism: Serial 6-Year Follow-up Study of 408 Patients.

Context: The link between congenital hypothyroidism (CH) and neurodevelopment is suggested, yet studies applying quantifiable measures are lacking. Moreover, socioeconomic disparities and subtle variation in timing of approach make the relationship difficult to detect.

Objective: To evaluate associations between CH and abnormalities in neurodevelopment and growth and determine the critical period for intervention.

Association Between Receipt of General Anesthesia During Childhood and Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder and Neurodevelopment.

Background: There are inconsistent reports regarding the association between general anesthesia and adverse neurodevelopmental and behavioral disorders in children.

Methods: This nationwide administrative cohort study included children born in Korea between 2008 and 2009, and followed until December 31, 2017. The cohort included 93,717 participants who received general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation (ETI) who were matched to unexposed subjects in a 1:1 ratio.

Acquired susceptibility to autoimmune diseases in pediatric patients with Escherichia coli infection: A population-matched retrospective cohort study.

Background: Escherichia coli (E.coli) infection has been proposed to play an important role as an initial trigger in the development of autoimmunity via molecular mimicry. However, there has been no preliminary cohort study to establish the association of E.

Relationship Between Feeding to Sleep During Infancy and Subsequent Childhood Disease Burden.

Objective: To investigate the association of feeding to sleep during infancy and subsequent childhood health burdens.

Study Design: Information was collected from the parents of children who participated in the national health screening survey when the child was 9-12 months old. The exposure group included participants who were fed to sleep.

Infantile Colic and the Subsequent Development of the Irritable Bowel Syndrome.

Background/aims: Little is known about the association between infantile colic and the later onset of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

Methods: This study examined all 917 707 children who were born in Korea between 2007 and 2008. Infantile colic was defined with 1 or more diagnoses of ICD-10 code R10.

Long-Term Observational Outcomes after Total Correction of Congenital Heart Disease in Korean Patients with Down Syndrome: A National Cohort Study.

Background: In the present study, the population prevalence and postoperative morbidity and mortality in Down syndrome patients who underwent total correction for congenital heart disease were investigated using data from a large national cohort. Methods: Retrospective administrative data from 2,395,966 participants born between 2008 and 2012 were acquired from the National Investigation of Birth Cohort in Korea. Among Down syndrome patients, 58.

Growth pattern during early infancy, body mass index during childhood and childhood asthma.

Background: There is a lack of longitudinal studies of associations between growth from infancy to childhood and asthma development.

Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of weight change during infancy, body mass index (BMI) and the interaction of these factors on the risk of childhood asthma.

Methods: We enrolled children born in 2008 and 2009 at full-term and with normal birth weight.

Growth in Exclusively Breastfed and Non-exclusively Breastfed Children: Comparisons with WHO Child Growth Standards and Korean National Growth Charts.

Background: This study examined the relationship of infant feeding with anthropometric indices of children during their first six years of life relative to the Korean National Growth Charts (KNGC) and the World Health Organization Child Growth Standards (WHO-CGS).

Methods: The study population consisted of 547,669 Korean infants and children who were 6 months-old to 6 years-old (born in 2008-2009) and participated in the National Health Screening Program for Infants and Children. Data on height, weight, and type of feeding during the first 6 months (exclusively breastfed [BF] vs.

Association of clinical and social factors with risk of fracture in children with atopic dermatitis.

Background: Children with atopic dermatitis (AD) have multiple risk factors for accidental fractures, injuries that can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. However, little is known about the factors that mediate the relationship between AD and fracture in children.

Objective: Our purpose was to examine the association of AD with fracture and to identify potential mediating factors.