How family structure shapes adolescent mental health under financial hardship?

Background: Financial hardship and family structure are each known to influence adolescent mental health, but their interactive effects remain underexplored. This study examined whether specific family structures buffer or amplify the impact of household financial hardship on adolescent mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: We analyzed data from the 2021-2022 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey, a nationally representative sample of 101,402 adolescents aged 12-18 years.

Prognostic Value of A/T/N Biomarkers: Comparing Plasma and Imaging Modalities in Alzheimer Disease.

Background: Alzheimer disease (AD) is characterized by amyloid-β plaques (A), tau tangles (T), and neurodegeneration (N), collectively defining the ATN framework. While imaging biomarkers are well-established, the prognostic value of plasma biomarkers in predicting cognitive decline remains underexplored. This study compares plasma and imaging A/T/N biomarkers in predicting cognitive decline and evaluate the impact of combining biomarkers across modalities.

Current status of the use of validated home blood pressure monitoring devices among Korean patients with hypertension.

The implementation of Home Blood Pressure Monitoring (HBPM) has improved the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension. Current clinical guidelines advocate the use of validated HBPM devices. However, few studies have examined the current use of validated HBPM devices.

COSINE-100 full dataset challenges the annual modulation signal of DAMA/LIBRA.

For over 25 years, the DAMA/LIBRA collaboration has claimed to observe an annual modulation signal, suggesting the existence of dark matter interactions. However, no experiment using different target materials has observed a dark matter signal consistent with their result. To address this puzzle, the COSINE-100 collaboration conducted a model-independent test using sodium iodide crystal detectors, the same target material as DAMA/LIBRA.

Cross-channel feature transfer 3D U-Net for automatic segmentation of the perilymph and endolymph fluid spaces in hydrops MRI.

The identification of endolymphatic hydrops (EH) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is crucial for understanding inner ear disorders such as Meniere's disease and sudden low-frequency hearing loss. The EH ratio is calculated as the ratio of the endolymphatic fluid space to the perilymphatic fluid space. We propose a novel cross-channel feature transfer (CCFT) 3D U-Net for fully automated segmentation of the perilymphatic and endolymphatic fluid spaces in hydrops MRI.

Development of a Prediction Model for Acute Exacerbation in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Study of the Korea IPF Cohort Registry.

Background: Acute exacerbation (AE) of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) has the most disastrous impact on prognosis as a major cause of morbidity and mortality. However, there is no proven treatment, and the occurrence of AE is unpredictable. This study aimed to develop a prediction model for AE in patients with IPF using the nationwide Korea IPF Cohort (KICO) registry.

Neoadjuvant palbociclib in women with operable, hormone receptor-positive breast cancer.

The addition of a cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitor to endocrine therapy augments biological response in breast cancer. This phase III randomized, double-blind study evaluated the efficacy of adding palbociclib to neoadjuvant endocrine therapy (NET) for operable, hormone receptor-positive human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)-negative breast cancer. Patients randomly received 16 weeks of endocrine therapy (letrozole for post-menopausal and tamoxifen plus ovarian function suppression for pre/peri-menopausal patients) plus palbociclib or placebo.

Effects of light wavelength on oocyte maturation, parthenogenesis, and parthenogenetic embryo development in pigs.

Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) to generate developmentally competent oocytes necessitates light exposure due to the use of microscopes. Previous studies in several species have reported that the wavelength of light during the light exposure period is a critical factor in embryo development. However, the effects of different light wavelengths on embryo development in pigs remain unexplored.

Investigating cytotoxic and inflammatory human IL-7 receptor low effector memory CD8 T cells in lupus.

Background: This study aims to interrogate the implications of CD8 T cells in lupus by examining CD8 T cell heterogeneity and assessing the significance of this heterogeneity in promoting inflammation and tissue damage.

Methods: Our own and publicly available RNA-seq and microarray data from the peripheral blood and kidney tissues of patients with lupus were analysed. Imaging Mass Cytometry (IMC) analysis of immune cells was conducted in lupus and normal kidney tissues.

Blockade of TLR2 activation in macrophages by self-assembled hyaluronic acid nanoparticles alleviates psoriasis-like skin dermatitis.

Self-assembled hyaluronic acid nanoparticles (HANPs) exhibit promising therapeutic effects against psoriasis, yet their precise targets and molecular mechanisms remain inadequately explored. Here, we demonstrate that HANPs target toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) to alleviate psoriatic skin inflammation in preclinical settings. This action is mediated by the HA-derived hydrophilic shell surrounding the NPs, rather than free HA or the hydrophobic core.

Transcriptional intermediary factor 1 gamma prevents lung inflammation and fibrosis via alveolar type 2 cells, fibroblasts, and macrophages.

Transcriptional intermediary factor 1 gamma (TIF1γ) inhibits transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) signaling, the main pathway involved in fibrosis. We previously showed that TIF1γ regulated anti fibrotic processes in the liver. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of TIF1γ in pulmonary fibrosis (PF).

100-kyr climate cycles caused by 2.4-Myr eccentricity-modulated carbon cycles.

Earth's climate has been dominated by ~100-kyr glacial cycles over the past ~800 ka, yet the mechanism remains debated. Here, we present correlation analyses of spectral power ratios of global records spanning the past 2.7 Ma, revealing a persistent anticorrelation between ~21-kyr and ~100-kyr power ratios, but no significant relationship between ~41-kyr and ~100-kyr power ratios.

Increasing Prevalence of Potential Vitamin D Toxicity and Its Risk Factors in Korea: A Large Population-Based Study.

: Vitamin D plays an important role in a wide range of health outcomes, including immune regulation, bone metabolism, cardiovascular health, and cancer prevention. However, recent data on the prevalence and risk factors for elevated serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations-indicative of potential vitamin D toxicity-remain limited in Korea. : We conducted a retrospective analysis of laboratory data from individuals who underwent serum 25(OH)D testing between 2020 and 2022.

Association of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor Use with COVID-19 Mortality in Diabetic Patients: A Nationwide Cohort Study in Korea.

Patients with diabetes mellitus face increased risk of severe outcomes and mortality from COVID-19. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, widely used antidiabetic agents, are hypothesized to affect COVID-19 outcomes via anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating mechanisms. However, real-world evidence, especially in Korean populations, remains limited.

Effects of social support on organizational commitment among experienced nurses experiencing department rotation: the mediating effect of organizational socialization.

Purpose: This study explored the mediating role of organizational socialization in the relationship between social support and organizational commitment among nurses in hospitals who had experienced department rotation.

Methods: A descriptive survey design was used with 202 nurses from a tertiary hospital who had experienced department rotation within the past 12 months. Data were collected via an online questionnaire from August 1 to August 30, 2024.

Long-term surgical outcome of high myopic full-thickness macular hole without retinoschisis.

Background: To examine the clinical features and long-term surgical results of highly myopic full-thickness macular hole (FTMH) without retinoschisis.

Methods: We retrospectively assessed surgical outcomes of highly myopic patients who underwent vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling and gas tamponade to treat FTMH without retinoschisis. Post-operative examinations were conducted at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery, with further follow-up intervals adjusted based on physician's discretion.

Spatial host-microbiome profiling demonstrates bacterial-associated host transcriptional alterations in pediatric ileal Crohn's disease.

Background: Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease involving complex relationships between the gut microbiome and host immune system. However, the spatial relationships between tissue-resident bacteria and host cells in CD pathogenesis remain poorly understood. We developed a spatial host-microbiome profiling approach to simultaneously detect host transcriptomics and bacterial species at high taxonomic resolution in pediatric ileal CD tissues.

Integrating analytical quality by design into bioanalytical method development: an HPLC-FLD method for quantification of alectinib in biological matrix.

This study presents the development and validation of a fluorescence-based high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the quantification of alectinib in rat plasma, with a focus on the application of Analytical Quality by Design (AQbD) to bioanalytical method development. Unlike conventional QbD applications, which primarily address synthetic formulations or instrumental settings, this study systematically applied AQbD principles to the complex environment of biological matrices. Critical method parameters, including the organic phase ratio, buffer concentration, and flow rate, were identified through Failure Mode and Effects Analysis, and optimized using a Box-Behnken design.

Effectiveness and Safety of Omidenepag Isopropyl 0.002% Ophthalmic Solution in Treatment-Naive Patients With Primary Open Angle Glaucoma: A Prospective Multicenter Phase IV Study.

Prcis: Omidenepag isopropyl is a selective E-prostanoid subtype 2 (EP2) receptor agonist that lowers intraocular pressure. Omidenepag isopropyl 0.002% ophthalmic solution is effective and safe to use at the first diagnosis of primary open angle glaucoma.

Effects of Auricular Acupressure on Depressive Symptoms, Gambling Withdrawal Symptoms, and Platelet Serotonin in People With Gambling Disorders: A randomized controlled trial.

Background: Auricular acupressure has been used to treat addiction, but there are few studies on gambling addiction and the mechanism of auricular acupressure.

Materials And Methods: This study examined the effects of auricular acupressure on depressive symptoms, gambling withdrawal symptoms, and platelet serotonin s in individuals with gambling disorders. This was a quasi-experimental study.

Neural correlates of social motor coordination in autism: A systematic review and meta-analysis of fNIRS studies.

This study aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of how individuals with autism spectrum condition (ASC) process social motor coordination, focusing on joint action and its neural correlates, as examined through functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in comparing to their neurotypical (NT) counterparts. Eleven studies were analyzed, with nine included in the meta-analysis. The results identified the inferior parietal lobule (IPL) and superior temporal sulcus (STS) as significant moderators explaining group differences in cortical activation during joint action.

Nanoscale Epigenetic Profiling of Colorectal Cancer Cell-Derived Exosomes via Single-Vesicle Nanoscopy.

Exosomes play critical roles in cancer diagnosis and treatment as they carry molecular information that reflects the epigenetic state of their parent cells. For the first time, nanoscale epigenetic profiling of individual exosomes derived from colorectal cancer cell lines is demonstrated via photo-induced force microscopy (PiFM). Exosomes from three cell lines with distinct CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) status are analyzed at the single-vesicle level.