Investigating cytotoxic and inflammatory human IL-7 receptor low effector memory CD8 T cells in lupus.

Background: This study aims to interrogate the implications of CD8 T cells in lupus by examining CD8 T cell heterogeneity and assessing the significance of this heterogeneity in promoting inflammation and tissue damage.

Methods: Our own and publicly available RNA-seq and microarray data from the peripheral blood and kidney tissues of patients with lupus were analysed. Imaging Mass Cytometry (IMC) analysis of immune cells was conducted in lupus and normal kidney tissues.

The tumor microenvironment of non-small cell lung cancer impairs immune cell function in people with HIV.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality among people with HIV (PWH), with increased incidence and poor outcomes. This study explored whether the tumor microenvironment (TME) of HIV-associated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) limits tumor-specific immune responses. With a matched cohort of NSCLC samples from PWH and from people without HIV (PWOH), we used imaging mass cytometry, a linear mixed-effects model, and an artificial intelligence-based (AI-based) PageRank mathematical algorithm based on spectral graph theory to demonstrate that HIV-associated tumors have differential distribution of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, enriched for the expression of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and lymphocyte-activating gene 3 (LAG3), as well as activation and proliferation markers.

Association of clinical manifestations and immune alterations with genetic variants of uncertain significance in patients concerned for inborn errors of immunity.

Despite advances in genetic testing, Inborn Errors of Immunity (IEI) continue to present a diagnostic challenge, further complicated by genetic variants of uncertain significance (VUS). Therefore, this study evaluated associations of VUS with clinical and immunological characteristics in subjects with potential IEIs. Genes for which VUS were identified were clustered by distinct immune functions.

Decreased T helper 1 cell function underlies recurrent sinopulmonary infections in the 17q12 deletion syndrome.

Background: The 17q12 deletion syndrome (17q12DS) is a heterozygous deletion of a 1.4 megabase‒spanning DNA sequence on chromosome 17. The clinical characteristics of 17q12DS include neurodevelopmental disorders, kidney and urinary tract abnormalities.

Prognostic and therapeutic insights into MIF, DDT, and CD74 in melanoma.

Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) and its homolog D-dopachrome Tautomerase (DDT) have been implicated as drivers of tumor progression across a variety of cancers. Recent evidence suggests MIF as a therapeutic target in immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) resistant melanomas, however clinical evidence of MIF and particularly of DDT remain limited. This retrospective study analyzed 97 patients treated at Yale for melanoma between 2002-2020.

Aging gene signature of memory CD8 T cells is associated with neurocognitive functioning in Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Memory CD8 T cells expand with age. We previously demonstrated an age-associated expansion of effector memory (EM) CD8 T cells expressing low levels of IL-7 receptor alpha (IL-7Rα) and the presence of its gene signature (i.e.

Aging gene signature of IL-7 receptor alpha low effector memory CD8 T cells is associated with neurocognitive functioning in Alzheimer's disease.

CD45RA effector memory (EM) CD8 T cell expansion was reported in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Such cells are IL-7 receptor alpha (IL-7Rα) EM CD8 T cells, which expand with age and have a unique aging gene signature (i.e.

Ultrasound-Guided Transthoracic Fine-Needle Aspiration: A Reliable Tool in Diagnosis and Molecular Profiling of Lung Masses.

Introduction: Pulmonary adenocarcinoma is a major cause of mortality worldwide. The majority of patients present with advanced stage disease, and minimally invasive procedures are desirable for diagnosis and treatment plans. Herein, we report our experience with percutaneous/transthoracic needle aspiration (TT-NA) in the cytologic diagnosis of pulmonary adenocarcinoma.

Current WHO guidelines and the critical role of immunohistochemical markers in the subclassification of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC): Moving from targeted therapy to immunotherapy.

Recent large scale genomic studies from the Clinical Lung Cancer Genome Project have identified different driver gene mutations in the subtypes of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). These findings not only lead to remarkable progress in targeted therapies for lung cancer patients, but also provide fundamental knowledge for the subclassification of NSCLC. More recently, the advancement and clinical application of immunotherapy have reinforced the need for the accurate subclassification of NSCLC.

Current insight in the localized insulin-derived amyloidosis (LIDA): clinico-pathological characteristics and differential diagnosis.

Background: In diabetic patients, subcutaneous insulin injection may cause several types of injection site-related lesions, such as lipoatrophy, insulin-induced cutaneous lipohypertrophy (IICL), allergic reaction, and iatrogenic localized insulin-derived amyloidosis (LIDA). Among these complications, both IICL and LIDA present as tumor-like and slow growing lesions; and they may be confused with one another. The clinical implication and management of IICL and LIDA are different.

The COMBREX project: design, methodology, and initial results.

Experimental data exists for only a vanishingly small fraction of sequenced microbial genes. This community page discusses the progress made by the COMBREX project to address this important issue using both computational and experimental resources.

Thousands of missed genes found in bacterial genomes and their analysis with COMBREX.

Background: The dramatic reduction in the cost of sequencing has allowed many researchers to join in the effort of sequencing and annotating prokaryotic genomes. Annotation methods vary considerably and may fail to identify some genes. Here we draw attention to a large number of likely genes missing from annotations using common tools such as Glimmer and BLAST.

COMBREX: a project to accelerate the functional annotation of prokaryotic genomes.

COMBREX (http://combrex.bu.edu) is a project to increase the speed of the functional annotation of new bacterial and archaeal genomes.