Implementation of the recommendations of the II Brazilian Consensus On Gastric Cancer in clinical practice: a multicenter study of the Brazilian Gastric Cancer Association.

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) remains a major global health problem. Despite a decline in its incidence, GC is still the third most lethal cancer worldwide.

Background: Multimodal treatment approaches are employed, including chemotherapy (CMT), radiotherapy (RDT), surgery, expanded criteria for endoscopic resection, and increased use of minimally invasive surgery.

The routine use of a digital tool for the tumor cell fraction quantification in molecular pathology: an international validation of QuANTUM.

Objective: The absolute and relative quantification of tumor cell fraction (TCF) in tissue samples for molecular pathology testing is time-consuming and poorly reproducible.

Methods: Here we report the results of an international survey on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), validating the Qupath Analysis of Nuclei from Tumor to Uniform Molecular tests (QuANTUM) automated computational pipeline for TCF quantification.

Results: The TCF obtained with QuANTUM is reliable, as demonstrated by the comparison with the manual counting of cells (ground truth, GT) in cell blocks, small biopsies and surgical specimens (overall correlation of 0.

Pathologist-Read vs AI-Driven Assessment of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Melanoma.

Importance: Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are a provocative biomarker in melanoma, influencing diagnosis, prognosis, and immunotherapy outcomes; however, traditional pathologist-read TIL assessment on hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides is prone to interobserver variability, leading to inconsistent clinical decisions. Therefore, development of newer TIL scoring approaches that produce more reliable and consistent readouts is important.

Objective: To evaluate the analytical and clinical validity of a machine learning algorithm for TIL quantification in melanoma compared with traditional pathologist-read methods.

Material-sparing method development for liquid-to-solid ratio determination for wet granulation process development.

The liquid-to-solid (L/S) ratio is a key process parameter in wet granulation processes, which ensures that the final granules meet the desired quality attributes. Mixer torque rheometer (MTR) is an established instrument to determine this parameter by measuring torque changes as a function of liquid content. Therefore, this study aimed to assess whether IKA Magic Plant and Freeman FT4 powder rheometer could serve as reliable alternatives to the MTR for developing a material sparing method for L/S ratio determination.

Advances in surveillance and control methods for Aedes-borne diseases and urban vectors: report of the International Conference, August 2024, Tanzania.

Vector-borne diseases, particularly arboviral diseases transmitted by mosquitoes (e.g. dengue, Zika and chikungunya), have (re)emerged globally with increasing prevalence and severity.

Alternative antibiotics for the treatment of bacterial meningitis in children: a systematic review of efficacy and safety.

Objective: This systematic review aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of alternative antibiotics and different standard treatment regimens for bacterial meningitis in children, considering the increasing antimicrobial resistance and the need for adapted therapeutic options. To justify the use of alternative antibiotics, the authors analyzed the specific efficacy of ampicillin, chloramphenicol, cefuroxime and meropenem, which showed potential to overcome cases of antimicrobial resistance.

Data Sources: A search was performed in databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane Library, without data restrictions, including planned clinical trials that compared alternative antibiotics and different standard treatment regimens, such as ceftriaxone, in children with bacterial meningitis.

Titanite U-Pb dating by LA-Quadrupole-ICP-MS: analytical procedures and applications to Rhyacian metamorphic rocks of the Southeastern Guiana Shield.

We present a comprehensive set of LA-Q-ICP-MS U-Pb ages on titanite standards (Tory Hill, Khan, Mud Tank, and CKHB titanites) together with samples from the Southeastern Guiana Shield, as a geological application of the method implemented at the Pará-Iso Laboratory. The results showed good reproducibility, accuracy, and precision for Mesoproterozoic to Mesozoic titanite standards, with uncertainties below 2%. The analytical protocol was validated through interlaboratory calibration with SHRIMP IIe dating, yielding ages consistent with LA-Q-ICP-MS results.

Population Structure of the Invasive Asian Tiger Mosquito, , in Europe.

The Asian tiger mosquito, , is currently the most widespread invasive mosquito species in the world. It poses a significant threat to human health, as it is a vector for several arboviruses. We used a SNP chip to genotype 748 mosquitoes from 41 localities across Europe, 28 localities in the native range in Asia, and 4 in the Americas.

Asian tiger mosquito in the oil-producing city of Soyo: the first report of Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse, 1894) in Angola.

Background: The Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1894), is a highly invasive species that has successfully colonized many tropical and temperate regions worldwide. Its rapid global spread is strongly associated with human activities and has created favorable conditions for the emergence of human arboviruses in new geographic areas.

Methods: Mosquito larvae were collected by community health workers from different breeding sites and reared to adults in a field insectary.

Investigating the effects of anthropogenic yttrium contamination: Biochemical alterations in the gills and digestive gland of exposed mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis).

The rapid growth of electronic waste, including fluorescent lamp waste (FLW), has led to an increase in elements like yttrium (Y) and other rare earth elements (REE) in aquatic environments due to improper waste management. However, there are no guidelines for permissible concentrations of these elements in the environment. This study examines the biochemical impacts of varying Y concentrations (50, 100, and 200 µg L), mimicking a FLW discharge, on the gills and digestive gland of Mytilus galloprovincialis exposed for 14 days.

Lower Cranial Nerves in the Neck: An Anatomical Study.

Objectives The aim of this anatomical study was to analyze distances and anatomical relations between the lower cranial nerves and important neck landmarks. Methods Anatomical study based on neck dissection in Thiel-embalmed cadavers. Anatomical relations and distances between the vagus (X), accessory (XI), and hypoglossal (XII) nerves and important neck landmarks were registered and compared.

Vector competence of Culex quinquefasciatus from Santiago Island, Cape Verde, to West Nile Virus: exploring the potential effect of the vector native Wolbachia.

Background: Culex quinquefasciatus plays a crucial role as a vector of West Nile virus (WNV). This mosquito species is widely distributed in Cape Verde, being found in all inhabited islands of the archipelago. However, no data are currently available on the susceptibility of the local mosquito population to WNV.

The status of insecticide resistance of Anopheles coluzzii on the islands of São Tomé and Príncipe, after 20 years of malaria vector control.

Background: Insecticide-based malaria vector control has been implemented on the islands of São Tomé and Príncipe (STP) for more than 20 years. During this period malaria incidence was significantly reduced to pre-elimination levels. While cases remained low since 2015, these have significantly increased in the last year, challenging the commitment of the country to achieve malaria elimination by 2025.

Laryngeal dystonia and vocal tremor response to botulinum toxin injection.

Purpose: The main objective of this study was to compare laryngeal dystonia (LD) and vocal tremor's (VT) response to botulinum toxin injection.

Methods: Retrospective study including every patient with LD or VT injected with botulinum toxin guided by electromyography, from January 1, 2010, to September 30, 2022, at a tertiary hospital centre. Improvement was assessed with the VHI-10, grade of dysphonia in a visual analogue scale (VAS; 0-10), GRBAS(I) scale (0-3) and maximum phonation time (MPT).

Using artificial intelligence to prioritize pathology samples: report of a test drive.

The digital transformation of pathology, through automation and computational tools, addresses current challenges in the field. This study evaluates Paige Pan Cancer, a novel artificial intelligence tool based on the Virchow foundation model, designed to flag invasive cancer in haematoxylin and eosin-stained slides from 16 primary tissue types. Using 62 cases from the Ipatimup Pathology Laboratory, we found the tool had a sensitivity of 93.

Implications of crystal disorder on the solid-state stability of olanzapine.

Mechanical perturbations of drug during solid pharmaceutical processing like milling can often generate crystal disorder posing serious implications to drug's stability. While physical changes like amorphization, recrystallization, polymorphism of the disordered drugs are extensively studied and reported in the literature, the propensities and inter-dependencies of recrystallization and degradation of disordered drugs have seldom received deep attention. Previous investigations from our lab have explored some of these interplays, aiming to develop predictive stability models.

Vector Competence of from São Tomé and Príncipe for West Nile Virus Transmission.

The global distribution of mosquitoes, particularly in tropical regions, poses a significant public health risk due to their apparent ability to transmit arboviruses such as West Nile virus (WNV). This study aimed to evaluate the vector competence of from São Tomé and Príncipe (STP) for the transmission of the WNV PT6.39 strain, considering its potential role as a bridge vector in a region where would be the main vector.

Evaluation of different techniques for wet granulation and pelletization processes using milk as innovative pharmaceutical excipient for pediatric use.

The present study focused on the use of milk as a novel excipient for the manufacture of pharmaceutical dosage forms specifically designed for the pediatric population. Dairy milks with different fat contents were studied to deliver paracetamol orally. The World Health Organization included milk in the list of GRAS (generally recognized as safe) substances, which together with its taste-masking ability and solubility solving properties, makes it a good candidate as an excipient in formulations containing paracetamol for pediatrics.

Complex interactions of rare earth elements in aquatic systems: Comparing observed and predicted cellular responses on Mytilus galloprovincialis.

Recent societal and technological developments have led to new sources of contamination, particularly from electronic waste (e-waste). The rapid increase in e-waste, combined with inadequate disposal and recycling practices has resulted in rising levels of hazardous substances in aquatic systems, including rare-earth elements (REEs). However, the effects of REEs on aquatic organisms remain poorly understood.

Effect of processing and formulation factors on Catalase activity in tablets.

The manufacturing of tablets containing biologics exposes the biologics to thermal and shear stresses, which are likely to induce structural changes (e.g., aggregation and denaturation), leading to the loss of their activity.

Removal of Rare Earth Elements from complex mixtures by using manganese ferrite nanoparticles: Optimization through surface response methodology.

The crucial role of Rare Earth Elements (REEs) in the development of hi-tech in addition to their limited availability have urged countries to develop sustainable alternatives to their conventional primary sources (ore mining). Sorption technologies using magnetic materials such as spinel ferrite nanoparticles provide efficient removal of REEs from contaminated solutions and ease of separation through application of an external magnetic field. However, there is still limited knowledge available regarding the optimal operational conditions in which to use these materials, especially in complex aqueous mixtures with different REEs.