Comparative morphological and lipidomic profiling of abdominal adipose tissue in Beijing You chickens at different ages and Ross 308 broilers.

This study aimed to compare fat deposition, muscle tissue structure, and abdominal fat lipid metabolism among 150-day-old Beijing You chickens, 450-day-old Beijing You chickens, and 150-day-old Ross 308 broilers. Slaughter performance analysis revealed that Beijing You chickens exhibited significantly higher fat deposition than Ross 308 broilers, with continuous accumulation observed with increasing age. Histological observations showed that the breast muscle fibers of Beijing You chickens were significantly smaller than those of Ross 308 broilers of the same age, while the diameters of abdominal adipocytes were significantly larger and increased further with age.

Genomic analysis reveals population structure and selection signatures in plateau dairy cattle.

Background: To solve the problem of an insufficient supply of dairy products in Tibet, work has been carried out to improve native dairy cattle and introduce purebred dairy cattle from low-altitude areas. The harsh environment of the plateau not only severely limits the production performance of high-yielding dairy cattle, such as Holstein and Jersey cattle, but also challenges their survival. The population structure and plateau adaptation mechanism of plateau dairy cattle are rarely reported.

RNA-Seq Analysis of Peripheral Whole Blood from Dairy Bulls with High and Low Antibody-Mediated Immune Responses-A Preliminary Study.

Enhancing the immune response through breeding is regarded as an effective strategy for improving animal health, as dairy cattle identified as high immune responders are reported to have a decreased prevalence of economically significant diseases. The identification of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with immune responses might be an effective tool for breeding healthy dairy cattle. In this study, antibody-mediated immune responses (AMIRs) were induced by the immunization of hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) in six Chinese Holstein dairy bulls divided into high- and low-AMIR groups based on their HEWL antibody level.

Identification of Key Genes Associated with Heat Stress in Rats by Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis.

Heat stress has been a big challenge for animal survival and health due to global warming. However, the molecular processes driving heat stress response were unclear. In this study, we exposed the control group rats ( = 5) at 22 °C and the other three heat stress groups (five rats in each group) at 42 °C lasting 30, 60, and 120 min, separately.

Identification of Novel mRNA Isoforms Associated with Acute Heat Stress Response Using RNA Sequencing Data in Sprague Dawley Rats.

The molecular mechanisms underlying heat stress tolerance in animals to high temperatures remain unclear. This study identified the differentially expressed mRNA isoforms which narrowed down the most reliable DEG markers and molecular pathways that underlie the mechanisms of thermoregulation. This experiment was performed on Sprague Dawley rats housed at 22 °C (control group; CT), and three acute heat-stressed groups housed at 42 °C for 30 min (H30), 60 min (H60), and 120 min (H120).

Weighted single-step GWAS and RNA sequencing reveals key candidate genes associated with physiological indicators of heat stress in Holstein cattle.

Background: The study of molecular processes regulating heat stress response in dairy cattle is paramount for developing mitigation strategies to improve heat tolerance and animal welfare. Therefore, we aimed to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) regions associated with three physiological indicators of heat stress response in Holstein cattle, including rectal temperature (RT), respiration rate score (RS), and drooling score (DS). We estimated genetic parameters for all three traits.

Epigenomics of rats' liver and its cross-species functional annotation reveals key regulatory genes underlying short term heat-stress response.

Molecular responses to heat stress are multifaceted and under a complex cellular post-transcriptional control. This study explores the epigenetic and transcriptional alterations induced by heat stress (42 °C for 120 min) in the liver of rats, by integrating ATAC-seq, RNA-Seq, and WGBS information. Out of 2586 differential ATAC-seq peaks induced by heat stress, 36 up-regulated and 22 down-regulated transcript factors (TFs) are predicted, such as Cebpα, Foxa2, Foxo4, Nfya and Sp3.

Identification of functional features underlying heat stress response in Sprague-Dawley rats using mixed linear models.

Since global temperature is expected to rise by 2 °C in 2050 heat stress may become the most severe environmental factor. In the study, we illustrate the application of mixed linear models for the analysis of whole transcriptome expression in livers and adrenal tissues of Sprague-Dawley rats obtained by a heat stress experiment. By applying those models, we considered four sources of variation in transcript expression, comprising transcripts (1), genes (2), Gene Ontology terms (3), and Reactome pathways (4) and focussed on accounting for the similarity within each source, which was expressed as a covariance matrix.

Analysis of Genomic Alternative Splicing Patterns in Rat under Heat Stress Based on RNA-Seq Data.

Heat stress is one of the most severe challenges faced in livestock production in summer. Alternative splicing as an important post-transcriptional regulation is rarely studied in heat-stressed animals. Here, we performed and analyzed RNA-sequencing assays on the liver of Sprague-Dawley rats in control (22 °C, = 5) and heat stress (4 °C for 120 min, H120; = 5) groups, resulting in the identification of 636 differentially expressed genes.

Gene Silencing Promotes Apoptosis and Suppresses Proliferation of Heat-Stressed Bovine Granulosa Cells via Induction of Oxidative Stress.

Heat stress (HS) compromises dairy cattle reproduction by altering the follicular dynamics, oocyte maturation, and normal physiological function of ovarian granulosa cells (GCs), eventually resulting in oxidative damage and cell apoptosis. To protect the cells from oxidative damage, the Superoxide dismutase-1 () degraded the hydrogen peroxide (HO) to oxygen (O) and water. The objective of the current study was to investigate the impact of silencing on intracellular ROS accumulation, cell viability, MMP, hormone synthesis (P4, E2), cell proliferation, and apoptosis in GCs under HS.

Comprehensive RNA-Seq Profiling Reveals Temporal and Tissue-Specific Changes in Gene Expression in Sprague-Dawley Rats as Response to Heat Stress Challenges.

Understanding heat stress physiology and identifying reliable biomarkers are paramount for developing effective management and mitigation strategies. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying thermal tolerance in animals. In an experimental model of Sprague-Dawley rats subjected to temperatures of 22 ± 1°C (control group; CT) and 42°C for 30 min (H30), 60 min (H60), and 120 min (H120), RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) assays were performed for blood (CT and H120), liver (CT, H30, H60, and H120), and adrenal glands (CT, H30, H60, and H120).

Genome-wide identification and functional prediction of long non-coding RNAs in Sprague-Dawley rats during heat stress.

Background: Heat stress (HS) is a major stress event in the life of an animal, with detrimental upshots in production and health. Long-non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in many biological processes by transcriptional regulation. However, no research has been reported on the characterization and functionality of lncRNAs in heat-stressed rats.

Identification of novel molecular markers of mastitis caused by using gene expression profiling in two consecutive generations of Chinese Holstein dairy cattle.

Background: Mastitis in dairy cows caused by is a major problem hindering economic growth in dairy farms worldwide. It is difficult to prevent or eliminate due to its asymptomatic nature and long persistence of infection. Although transcriptomic responses of bovine mammary gland cells to pathogens that cause mastitis have been studied, the common responses of peripheral blood leukocytes to infection across two consecutive generations of dairy cattle have not been investigated.

Overview of Folic Acid Supplementation Alone or in Combination with Vitamin B12 in Dairy Cattle during Periparturient Period.

The periparturient period is the period from three weeks before calving to three weeks post-calving. This period is important in terms of health, productivity and profitability, and is fundamental to successful lactation. During this period, the animal experiences stress because of hormonal changes due to pregnancy and the significant rise in milk production.

RNAi-Mediated Silencing of Catalase Gene Promotes Apoptosis and Impairs Proliferation of Bovine Granulosa Cells under Heat Stress.

Heat stress in dairy cattle is recognized to compromise fertility by altering the functions of ovarian follicle-enclosed cells, e.g., oocyte and granulosa cells (GCs).

Heat Stress Impairs the Physiological Responses and Regulates Genes Coding for Extracellular Exosomal Proteins in Rat.

Heat stress (HS) is challenging in humans and animals as it is a complicated regulatory mechanism. This prompted us to characterize the physiological and molecular responses of a HS-animal model. In this study, a rat model system was developed by using three temperature treatments (40 ℃, 42 ℃, and 43 ℃) and sixteen biochemical indicators in blood at 42 ℃ for 30 min (H30), 60 min (H60), and 120 min (H120).

Evaluation of heat stress effects on cellular and transcriptional adaptation of bovine granulosa cells.

Background: Heat stress is known to affect follicular dynamics, oocyte maturation, and fertilization by impairing steroidogenic ability and viability of bovine granulosa cell (bGCs). The present study explored the physiological and molecular response of bGCs to different heat stress intensities . We exposed the primary bGCs to heat stress (HS) at 39 °C, 40 °C and 41 °C along with control samples (38 °C) for 2 h.

Corticosterone tissue-specific response in Sprague Dawley rats under acute heat stress.

Our study evaluated the physiological responses to acute heat stress in rats via body temperature and tissue corticosterone levels, and investigated the relative tissue response to heat stress based on corticosterone. Body temperature of rats under 22 °C (control) and 42 °C for 30 (H30), 60 (H60) and 120 min (H120) was measured. Correspondingly, corticosterone was analyzed in 11 tissues (adrenal, brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, leg muscle, blood, stomach, spleen and small intestine).