Microbial Production of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide: Key Enzymes Discovery, Host Cells Selection, and Pathways Design and Optimization.

As an important bioactive substance in cells, nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) has been proven to play an important role in antiaging, treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, and cardioprotection. It presents a high potential for application in the research fields of functional foods, cosmetics, healthcare products, and active pharmaceuticals. With the increased demand, whether NMN can achieve large-scale industrial production has been a wide concern.

Quantification and Molecular Analysis of Antagonism between Xylose Utilization and Acetic Acid Tolerance in Glucose/Xylose Cofermentation Strains.

For bioethanol production from lignocellulosic materials, an ideal microorganism must possess both excellent xylose utilization and a high tolerance to inhibitory compounds. However, these two traits often exhibit antagonism in recombinant xylose-utilizing strains. In this study, we developed a quantitative metric using an aggregated parameter to evaluate the degree of this antagonism and applied it to evaluate the antagonism of three strains (LF1, LF1-6M, and 6M-15), which had been iteratively evolved in xylose and hydrolyzate environments.

Widely Targeted Metabolomics Revealed the Metabolic Basis of Physiological Function and Flavor of Natto.

Natto is a fermented product derived from soybeans through the action of Bacillus subtilis natto, possessing various pharmacological and health-promoting properties. However, due to the absence of large-scale and systematic investigations into its metabolite profile, the mechanisms governing the biological functions and flavor characteristics of natto remain incompletely elucidated. In this study, a comprehensive, widely targeted metabolome analysis was conducted using UHPLC-MS/MS to compare soybeans and natto.

Effect of lignin carbon material on phosphorus solubilisation performance of Bacillus megaterium.

Secondary salinisation significantly compromises soil quality because of the over-application of chemical fertilisers. The combined application of biochar and microorganisms enhanced soil physicochemical properties and improved soil remediation efficiency. However, different types of biochar had varying effects on microbial growth and reproduction.

Engineering transcriptional regulatory networks for improving second-generation fuel ethanol production in .

Presently, demonstrates proficient co-fermentation of glucose and xylose, marking a significant advancement in second-generation fuel ethanol production. However, the presence of high concentrations of inhibitors in industrial lignocellulose hydrolysates and post-glucose effect caused by glucose consumption hinders severely impedes yeast robustness and xylose utilization for ethanol fermentation. Even worse, the antagonism between xylose utilization ability and strain robustness was observed, which proposes a difficult challenge in the production of second-generation fuel ethanol by .

Development of a Robust Strain for Efficient Co-Fermentation of Mixed Sugars and Enhanced Inhibitor Tolerance through Protoplast Fusion.

The economical and efficient commercial production of second-generation bioethanol requires fermentation microorganisms capable of entirely and rapidly utilizing all sugars in lignocellulosic hydrolysates. In this study, we developed a recombinant strain, BLH510, through protoplast fusion and metabolic engineering to enhance its ability to co-ferment glucose, xylose, cellobiose, and xylooligosaccharides while tolerating various inhibitors commonly found in lignocellulosic hydrolysates. The parental strains, LF1 and BLN26, were selected for their superior glucose/xylose co-fermentation capabilities and inhibitor tolerance, respectively.

Metabolic engineering for compartmentalized biosynthesis of the valuable compounds in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is commonly used as a microbial cell factory to produce high-value compounds or bulk chemicals due to its genetic operability and suitable intracellular physiological environment. The current biosynthesis pathway for targeted products is primarily rewired in the cytosolic compartment. However, the related precursors, enzymes, and cofactors are frequently distributed in various subcellular compartments, which may limit targeted compounds biosynthesis.

Highly Efficient Production of Cellulosic Ethanol from Poplar Using an Optimal C6/C5 Co-Fermentation Strain of .

Cellulosic ethanol is the key technology to alleviate the pressure of energy supply and climate change. However, the ethanol production process, which is close to industrial production and has a high saccharification rate and ethanol yield, still needs to be developed. This study demonstrates the effective conversion of poplar wood waste into fuel-grade ethanol.

Secondary hemophagocytic syndrome in an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and -thalassemia patient infected with : A case report and literature review.

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a life-threatening disease characterized by a hyperinflammatory syndrome and impairment of multiple organ systems. Talaromycosis marneffei (TSM) is an opportunistic infection mostly found in immunosuppressed populations, such as those with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and is prevalent in southern China. However, HLH secondary to TSM is extremely rare and has only been reported in isolated cases.

The impacts of nicotinamide and inositol on the available cells and product performance of industrial baker's yeasts.

A suitable nutrient supply, especially of vitamins, is very significant for the deep display of the inherent genetic properties of microorganisms. Here, using the chemically defined minimal medium (MM) for yeast, nicotinamide and inositol were confirmed to be more beneficial for the performance of two industrial baker's yeasts, a conventional and a high-sugar-tolerant strain. Increasing nicotinamide or inositol to proper levels could enhance the both strains on cell growth and activity and product performance, including trehalose accumulation and leavening performance.

Engineering for efficient production of recombinant proteins.

is an excellent microbial cell factory for producing valuable recombinant proteins because of its fast growth rate, robustness, biosafety, ease of operability via mature genomic modification technologies, and the presence of a conserved post-translational modification pathway among eukaryotic organisms. However, meeting industrial and market requirements with the current low microbial production of recombinant proteins can be challenging. To address this issue, numerous efforts have been made to enhance the ability of yeast cell factories to efficiently produce proteins.

Promoting Nucleic Acid Synthesis in through Enhanced Expression of Rrn7p, Rrn11p, IMPDH, and Pho84p.

has emerged as a preferred source for industrial production of ribonucleic acids (RNAs) and their derivatives, which find wide applications in the food and pharmaceutical sectors. In this study, we employed a modified RNA polymerase I-mediated green fluorescent protein expression system, previously developed by our team, to screen and identify an industrial strain with an impressive 18.2% increase in the RNA content.

Reaction-passivation mechanism driven materials separation for recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries.

Development of effective recycling strategies for cathode materials in spent lithium-ion batteries are highly desirable but remain significant challenges, among which facile separation of Al foil and active material layer of cathode makes up the first important step. Here, we propose a reaction-passivation driven mechanism for facile separation of Al foil and active material layer. Experimentally, >99.

Analysis of the genomic landscape of primary central nervous system lymphoma using whole-genome sequencing in Chinese patients.

Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is an uncommon non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with poor prognosis. This study aimed to depict the genetic landscape of Chinese PCNSLs. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on 68 newly diagnosed Chinese PCNSL samples, whose genomic characteristics and clinicopathologic features were also analyzed.

[Advances in the production of chemicals by organelle compartmentalization in ].

As a generally-recognized-as-safe microorganism, is a widely studied chassis cell for the production of high-value or bulk chemicals in the field of synthetic biology. In recent years, a large number of synthesis pathways of chemicals have been established and optimized in . by various metabolic engineering strategies, and the production of some chemicals have shown the potential of commercialization.

Engineering Cell Polarization Improves Protein Production in .

has been widely used as a microbial cell factory to produce recombinant proteins. Therefore, enhancing the protein production efficiency of yeast cell factories to expand the market demand for protein products is necessary. Recombinant proteins are often retained in the secretory pathway because of the limited protein transport performed by vesicle trafficking.

Integrated analysis of tRNA-derived small RNAs in proliferative human aortic smooth muscle cells.

Background: Abnormal proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) contributes to vascular remodeling diseases. Recently, it has been discovered that tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs), a new type of noncoding RNAs, are related to the proliferation and migration of VSMCs. tsRNAs regulate target gene expression through miRNA-like functions.

Biosensor-Coupled Mutagenesis and Omics Analysis Reveals Reduced Lysine and Arginine Synthesis To Improve Malonyl-Coenzyme A Flux in .

Malonyl-coenzyme A (malonyl-CoA) is an important precursor for producing various chemicals, but its low availability limits the synthesis of downstream products in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Owing to the complexity of metabolism, evolutionary engineering is required for developing strains with improved malonyl-CoA synthesis. Here, using the biosensor we constructed previously, a growth-based screening system that links the availability of malonyl-CoA with cell growth is developed.

Early Death and Survival of Patients With Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia in ATRA Plus Arsenic Era: A Population-Based Study.

Most randomized trials for acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) have investigated highly selected patients under idealized conditions, and the findings need to be validated in the real world. We conducted a population-based study of all APL patients in Zhejiang Province, China, with a total population of 82 million people, to assess the generalization of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic as front-line treatment. The outcomes of APL patients were also analyzed.