Advances in the regulation of macrophage polarization by the tumor microenvironment.

The tumor microenvironment (Tumor Microenvironment, TME) is a core regulatory factor in the occurrence, development, and treatment resistance of tumors. Macrophages, as key immune cell components in the TME, have a profound impact on the tumor process (Visser and Joyce in Cancer Cell 41:374-403, 2023). This review aims to systematically elucidate the characteristics and functional differences of macrophage polarization into M1 and M2 phenotypes within the TME.

HDAC3 in neurodevelopmental disorders: Molecular mechanisms and targeted intervention.

Autosomal dominant neurodevelopmental disorders are increasingly linked to genetic mutations that interfere with brain development and function. Among the genes implicated, HDAC3 plays a central role as an epigenetic regulator, maintaining chromatin structure and controlling gene expression. Mutations in HDAC3 have been associated with developmental delays, intellectual disabilities, and autism spectrum disorder.

Lane line detection based on cross-convolutional hybrid attention mechanism.

In order to enhance the accuracy and robustness of lane line recognition in dynamic and complex environments, this paper proposes a lane line detection model based on a cross-convolutional hybrid attention mechanism (CCHA-Net). Unlike traditional approaches that separately employ channel and spatial attention, our proposed mechanism integrates these modalities through cross-convolution, thereby enabling cross-group feature interaction and dynamic spatial weight allocation. This novel integration not only improves the continuity of elongated lane features but also enhances the model's ability to capture long-range dependencies in challenging scenarios.

Engineered nanovesicles targeting SERPINE1 overcome temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive brain tumor with limited treatment options due to its resistance to temozolomide (TMZ). This study explores a novel therapeutic approach using engineered cell membrane nanovesicles loaded with SERPINE1 inhibitors to combat TMZ resistance. High-throughput sequencing identified pivotal genes associated with resistance, while the nanovesicles demonstrated excellent stability and the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier.

Clusterin-mediated polarization of M2 macrophages: a mechanism of temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma stem cells.

Glioblastoma remains one of the most lethal malignancies, largely due to its resistance to standard chemotherapy such as temozolomide. This study investigates a novel resistance mechanism involving glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) and the polarization of M2-type macrophages, mediated by the extracellular vesicle (EV)-based transfer of Clusterin. Using 6-week-old male CD34 humanized huHSC-(M-NSG) mice (NM-NSG-017) and glioblastoma cell lines (T98G and U251), we demonstrated that GSC-derived EVs enriched with Clusterin induce M2 macrophage polarization, thereby enhancing temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma cells.

Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the role of immune-related autophagy in aseptic loosening of biomaterials bone-implant.

This study employed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to investigate the role of immune-related autophagy in the mechanism of aseptic loosening (AL) of biomaterial bone-implant. Through single-cell analysis of AL tissues, we mapped the cellular landscape, revealing various cell types and their characteristics within the context of AL. Our study specifically targeted immune cell subpopulations, including macrophages and neutrophils.

Visceral fat distribution: Interracial studies.

Visceral adipose tissue, a type of abdominal adipose tissue, is highly involved in lipolysis. Because increased visceral adiposity is strongly associated with the metabolic complications related with obesity, such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, there is a need for precise, targeted, personalized and site-specific measures clinically. Existing studies showed that ectopic fat accumulation may be characterized differently among different populations due to complex genetic architecture and non-genetic or epigenetic components, ie, Asians have more and Africans have less visceral fat vs Europeans.

MicroRNA-mediated Ets1 repression in retinal endothelial cells: A novel anti-angiogenic mechanism in nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy.

Aims: This study aimed to discover the regulatory mechanisms contributing to angiogenesis in nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR).

Materials And Methods: This study employed a case-control design involving type 2 diabetes patients with and without NPDR. We utilised microRNA sequencing to analyse plasma and retina samples from T2D patients, to identify both existing and novel microRNAs relevant to retinal health.

KLHL24 associated cardiomyopathy: Gene function to clinical management.

Background: KLHL24 (Kelch-like protein 24) is a significant component of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), involved in regulating protein turnover through targeted ubiquitination and degradation. Germline mutations in KLHL24 gene have been known to cause Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex characterized by skin fragility but has recently been found to cause Cardiomyopathy.

Main Body: Various cardiomyopathies, including hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and dilated cardiomyopathy, leading to abnormal protein degradation and affecting the stability and function of essential cardiac proteins which finally results into structural and functional abnormalities in cardiac muscle.

Recent Advances in the Biosynthesis of Mid- and Long-Chain Dicarboxylic Acids Using Terminally Oxidizing Unconventional Yeasts.

As high-performance monomers for the manufacture of polyamide materials, mid- and long-chain dicarboxylic acids (DCA, ≥ 6) have received extensive attention from researchers. Biosynthesis is gradually replacing chemical synthesis due to its outstanding advantages in the industrial production of mid- and long-chain dicarboxylic acids, which is mostly achieved by using the strong terminal oxidation ability of nonmodel microorganisms such as to oxidize hydrophobic substrates such as alkanes. Here, we first summarize the metabolic pathways of oxidative alkane conversion into dicarboxylic acid by terminally oxidizing unconventional yeasts and the corresponding metabolic engineering strategies.

Global trends in publications regarding macrophages-related diabetic foot ulcers in the last two decades.

Background: Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are one of the most severe and popular complications of diabetes. The persistent non-healing of DFUs is the leading cause of ampu-tation, which causes significant mental and financial stress to patients and their families. Macrophages are critical cells in wound healing and perform essential roles in all phases of wound healing.

Available Strategies for Improving the Biosynthesis of Methionine: A Review.

Methionine is the only nonpolar α-amino acid containing sulfur among the eight essential amino acids and is closely related to the metabolism of sulfur-containing compounds in the human body. Widely used in feed, medicine, food, and other fields, the market demand is increasing annually. However, low productivity and high cost largely limit the industrial production of methionine, and many novel production methods still have their own disadvantages.

SEPHS1 Gene: A new master key for neurodevelopmental disorders.

The SEPHS1 (Selenophosphate Synthetase 1) gene encodes a critical enzyme for synthesizing selenophosphate, the active donor of selenium (Se) necessary for selenoprotein biosynthesis. Selenoproteins are vital for antioxidant defense, thyroid hormone metabolism, and cellular homeostasis. Mutations in SEPHS1 gene, are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders with developmental delay, poor growth, hypotonia, and dysmorphic features.

Strategies for improving fengycin production: a review.

Fengycin is an important member of the lipopeptide family with a wide range of applications in the agricultural, food, medical and cosmetic industries. However, its commercial application is severely hindered by low productivity and high cost. Therefore, numerous studies have been devoted to improving the production of fengycin.

Progress of Angiogenesis Signal Pathway and Antiangiogenic Drugs in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma.

Nasopharyngeal cancer is a rare cancer with unique ethnic and geographic distribution. Since nasopharyngeal cancer often originates from the pharyngeal crypt, early symptoms are not obvious. They are difficult to detect in time, and the disease is usually diagnosed and treated only when it has progressed to an advanced-stage.

Mid-Long Chain Dicarboxylic Acid Production via Systems Metabolic Engineering: Progress and Prospects.

Mid-to-long-chain dicarboxylic acids (DCA, ≥ 6) are organic compounds in which two carboxylic acid functional groups are present at the terminal position of the carbon chain. These acids find important applications as structural components and intermediates across various industrial sectors, including organic compound synthesis, food production, pharmaceutical development, and agricultural manufacturing. However, conventional petroleum-based DCA production methods cause environmental pollution, making sustainable development challenging.

Enhancing surfactin production in Bacillus subtilis: Insights from proteomic analysis of nitrate-induced overproduction and strategies for combinatorial metabolic engineering.

Surfactin biosynthesis in Bacillus subtilis is intricately regulated by environmental conditions. In the present study, addition of nitrate, a nitrogen source, increased the production of surfactin in B. subtilis ATCC 21332, whereas its absence resulted in minimal or no surfactin production.

Construction of for efficient production of fengycin from xylose through CRISPR-Cas9.

Fengycin is a multifunctional peptide antibiotic produced mainly by species and the purpose of this research was to construct a strain that can produce fengycin with the xylose as the substrate with CRSIPR-Cas9. Hence, at the beginning of this study, functional and were expressed in 168 strain to give the strain the ability to produce the fengycin with the titer of 71.21 mg/L.

Corrigendum to: Progress of Angiogenesis Signal Pathway and Antiangiogenic Drugs in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma.

In the online version of the article titled 'Progress of Angiogenesis Signal Pathway and Antiangiogenic Drugs in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma' published in Current Molecular Pharmacology (2024; 2: e18761429290933), a change was made in the author position. [1]. The original article can be found online at: https://www.

Study on the intracellular adaptative mechanism of Acidithiobacillus caldus MTH-04 to NaCl stress.

To understand the adaptive mechanism of bioleaching microorganism Acidithiobacillus caldus MTH-04, its physiology and metabolic changes at the transcriptional level were systemically studied. The results of growth curves, SO content, pH and flow cytometry analyses indicated that the higher the NaCl concentration, the more the strain was inhibited. The transcriptome response of A.

Long Non-coding RNAs: Pivotal Epigenetic Regulators in Diabetic Retinopathy.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a severe complication of diabetes; however, its mechanism is not fully understood. Evidence has recently revealed that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are abnormally expressed in DR, and lncRNAs may function as pivotal regulators. LncRNAs are able to modulate gene expression at the epigenetic level by acting as scaffolds of histone modification complexes and sponges of binding with microRNAs (miRNAs).

Asperosaponin VI induces osteogenic differentiation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells via the estrogen signaling pathway.

Background: Asperosaponin VI (ASA VI) is an active ingredient found in the traditional Chinese herb Radix Dipsaci, which is used to treat fractures. ASA VI combined with osteogenic medium can induce osteogenic differentiation of rat-derived stem cells. However, whether ASA VI alone can induce osteoblast differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) remains unclear.