Synthesis of Chiral δ-Aminoboronic Esters by Enantioselective Hydrogenation of 1,2-Azaborines.

We describe herein an iridium-catalyzed highly diastereo- and enantioselective hydrogenation of 1,2-azaborines to access δ-aminoboronic esters of potential biological importance. This method represents the first enantioselective hydrogenation of a boron-containing heteroarene and features diverse substitution patterns and wide scope. The synthetic utility of our method was demonstrated by the synthesis of (-)-phenibut and the formal synthesis of (+)-3-PPP and fluvirucinine A.

Associations between sleep disorders and clinical outcomes of patients with primary biliary cholangitis.

Purpose: Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic autoimmune liver disease characterized by a range of symptoms, including sleep disturbances. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of sleep disorders and the associations between sleep disorders and clinical outcomes in PBC.

Patients And Methods: We enrolled 177 patients with PBC and 165 healthy controls (age- and sex-matched).

Association of gut microbiota with lactose intolerance and coeliac disease: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

Background And Objectives: Lactose intolerance and coeliac disease are common clinical nutrient malabsorption disorders, with an unclear pathogenesis and limited therapeutic options. It is widely believed that the gut microbiota plays an important role in many digestive disorders, but its role in lactose intolerance and coeliac disease is not yet clear. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between gut microbiota and lactose intolerance and coeliac disease.

Depressive symptom as a risk factor for cirrhosis in patients with primary biliary cholangitis: Analysis based on Lasso-logistic regression and decision tree models.

Background: Depressive symptoms are frequently observed in patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). The role of depressive symptoms on cirrhosis has not been fully noticed in PBC. We aimed to establish a risk model for cirrhosis that took depressive symptoms into account.

Tobacco shred varieties classification using Multi-Scale-X-ResNet network and machine vision.

The primary task in calculating the tobacco shred blending ratio is identifying the four tobacco shred types: expanded tobacco silk, cut stem, tobacco silk, and reconstituted tobacco shred. The classification precision directly affects the subsequent determination of tobacco shred components. However, the tobacco shred types, especially expanded tobacco silk and tobacco silk, have no apparent differences in macro-scale characteristics.

Modularized Tuning of Charge Transport through Highly Twisted and Localized Single-Molecule Junctions.

Although most molecular electronic devices and materials consist of a backbone with a planar structure, twisted molecular wires with reduced inter-ring π-orbital overlap offer a unique opportunity for the modularized fabrication of molecular electronic devices. Herein we investigate the modularized tuning of the charge transport through the localized molecules by designing highly twisted molecules and investigating their single-molecule charge transport using the scanning tunneling microscopy break junction technique. We find that the anthracenediyl-core molecule with a 90° inter-ring twist angle shows an unexpectedly high conductance value, which is five times higher than that of the phenylene-core molecule with a similar configuration, whereas the conductance of the delocalized planar molecule with an anthracenediyl core or a phenylene core is almost the same.

Phylogenetic relationships and genome divergence among the AA- genome species of the genus Oryza as revealed by 53 nuclear genes and 16 intergenic regions.

Rapid radiations have long been regarded as the most challenging issue for elucidating poorly resolved phylogenies in evolutionary biology. The eight diploid AA- genome species in the genus Oryza represent a typical example of a closely spaced series of recent speciation events in plants. However, questions regarding when and how they diversified have long been an issue of extensive interest but remain a mystery.

Biochemical and physiological characterization of a tau class glutathione transferase from rice (Oryza sativa).

The classical phase II detoxification glutathione transferases (GSTs) are key metabolic enzymes that catalyze the conjugation of glutathione to various electrophilic compounds. A tau class GST gene (OsGSTU17) was cloned from rice, which encodes a protein of 223 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 25.18 kDa.