Saponins from L. Fruit: Extraction Optimization, Structural Characterization, and Dual-Functional Efficacy.

L., a widely consumed Asian medicinal edible plant, is a promising source of bioactive saponins for functional food applications. This study optimized the extraction of saponins from fruits (8.

Influences of nutrients on summer algal bloom in the Changjiang plume revealed by high-resolution profiles.

Fine-scale vertical distributions of nitrate and other biogeochemical parameters provide critical insights into nutrient dynamics and their role in fueling algal blooms in coastal waters. In August 2022, we conducted high-resolution vertical nitrate profiling in the Changjiang Estuary using a Submersible Ultraviolet Nitrate Analyzer. In the inner estuary, the mixing of nutrient-rich Changjiang waters elevated nitrate concentrations in the upper layer, forming a positive vertical nitrate gradient.

Hyperglycemia induces an immunosuppressive microenvironment in colorectal cancer liver metastases by recruiting peripheral blood monocytes through the CCL3-CCR1 axis.

Background: The treatment of colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRLM), a leading cause of mortality in patients with colorectal cancer, is complicated by type 2 diabetes (T2D). This study aimed to investigate the CRLM immune microenvironment in the context of T2D and identify potential therapeutic targets.

Methods: A hyperglycemic CRLM mouse model was established.

Riverine freshwater outflow enhanced ocean acidification in an urbanized subtropical estuary.

Ocean acidification poses a growing environmental threat to estuarine ecosystems. Most research has focused on bottom water acidification driven by eutrophication from riverine nutrient inputs. In contrast, the impacts of other riverine components in estuarine systems have received less attention.

Early warning on the potential harmful algal bloom species in Beibu Gulf of South China Sea under the background of climate change and human activity.

Human activity and global climate change increasingly affect marine environments, leading to increases in harmful algal blooms (HABs) caused by phytoplankton. These blooms pose significant threats to public health, tourism, fisheries, and ecosystems. As an important fishing ground and tourist destination, the Beibu Gulf faces growing environmental pressure.

Automated Determination of Ammonium at Nanomolar Levels in Seawater by Coupling Lab-in-Syringe with Highly Sensitive Light-Emitting-Diode-Induced Fluorescence Detection.

Ammonium concentrations in marine environments are typically found at the nanomolar level, and due to the transformation tendencies of ammonium species, there is a growing demand for a simple, convenient, and highly sensitive automated method for seawater ammonium quantification. Such a method should be suitable for in situ applications without the need for additional enrichment or extraction steps. To meet this need, we developed a highly sensitive automated flow system that integrates a portable LED-induced fluorescence detector, incorporating the novel 2000 photodetector and lab-in-syringe technology, enabling direct fluorescence measurement of trace ammonium in seawater.

CO dynamics and sequestration potential in high-nutrient, low-chlorophyll bays: A case study of Yueqing Bay.

Bays, as transitional zones in the land-sea continuum, exhibit fluctuating sea-air CO fluxes influenced by climate change and human activities. The role of eutrophic bays as CO sinks is debated, highlighting the need to understand CO dynamics and controlling factors. This research employs the subtropical semi-enclosed Yueqing Bay as a case to investigate the dynamics of pCO and sea-air CO flux, as well as the carbon sink potential in high-nutrient, low-chlorophyll (HNLC) bays through high-resolution underway surveys.

Unexpected ice-edge diatom blooms occur as thin phytoplankton layers in Barrow Canyon, Chukchi Sea.

Observations of environmental variables and photosynthetic pigments were carried out in and around Barrow Canyon, northeast Chukchi Sea, from 2008 to 2016. Barrow Canyon and its western flank are occupied by relatively cold waters (T < 0 °C) with high nutrient and chlorophyll concentrations, whereas the eastern flank is occupied by relatively warm waters (T > 0 °C) with low nutrient and chlorophyll concentrations. The variable dominance of these cold and warm waters appears to be the main driving factor of regional differences in phytoplankton distribution in and around Barrow Canyon.

High-Entropy Engineering for Multivalency-Induced Stability in SnSb-Based Anodes.

Achieving high energy density and long cycle life in alloy-type anodes remains a significant challenge due to the large volume changes during cycling. Here, we introduce a high-entropy engineering approach using SnSb-based oxides codoped with Ti and Al (SSBTA-600), designed to promote the formation of efficient oxygen vacancies at a calcination temperature of 600 . This approach results in remarkable performance with a capacity of 1012 at 0.

Ocean acidification and its regulating factors in the East China Sea off the Yangtze River estuary.

This study examines the seasonal variations in carbonate system parameters in the East China Sea (ECS) off the Yangtze River estuary (YRE) and analyzes the contributions of anthropogenic CO₂ and eutrophication to acidification. Carbonate parameters data were collected during summer 2019 and combined winter 2011. During winter, acidification is primarily driven by rising atmospheric CO₂, with minimal impact from biological processes.

Seasonal agricultural activities and monsoon shifts drive fluctuations in nitrogen levels in eutrophic coastal waters: A case study of Xiangshan Bay, China.

Xiangshan Bay, one of China's most eutrophic semi-enclosed bays, was studied to examine the seasonal distributions of salinity, temperature, nutrients, and nitrate isotopes (δN and δO) to elucidate seasonal variations in nitrate sources and the key factors driving nitrogen level fluctuations. Based on nitrate δN (6.1-8.

Dissolved oxygen depletion in Chinese coastal waters.

Estuarine and coastal environments have experienced dissolved oxygen (DO hereafter) depression and hypoxia due to increasingly intensified anthropogenic eutrophication and climate warming. This review compared diverse systems in Chinese coastal waters that experience DO depletion or hypoxia, aiming to identify essential aspects in advancing the abilities in comprehensively understanding DO dynamics across systems that span wide ranges of physical and biogeochemical environments. The coastal DO depression and relevant ecological consequences around the world are generally overviewed.

Characteristics and Biological Activities of a Novel Polysaccharide R1 Isolated from Hu.

Raspberry ( Hu) is a Chinese herb that is rich in nutrients and has anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-allergic, hypoglycemic, and other effects. A water-soluble polysaccharide was extracted from raspberry by using hot water extraction then purified by DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow column chromatography. The structural characteristics of the polysaccharide (R1) are as follows: the molar ratio of the monosaccharide composition is Ara:Gal:Xyl:Glc:Man = 31.

Enhanced wind mixing and deepened mixed layer in the Pacific Arctic shelf seas with low summer sea ice.

The Arctic Ocean has experienced significant sea ice loss over recent decades, shifting towards a thinner and more mobile seasonal ice regime. However, the impacts of these transformations on the upper ocean dynamics of the biologically productive Pacific Arctic continental shelves remain underexplored. Here, we quantified the summer upper mixed layer depth and analyzed its interannual to decadal evolution with sea ice and atmospheric forcing, using hydrographic observations and model reanalysis from 1996 to 2021.

Leveraging Artificial Oxygenation Efficacy for Coastal Hypoxia by Taking Advantage of Local Hydrodynamics.

This study evaluates deployment strategies for artificial oxygenation devices to mitigate coastal hypoxia, particularly in mariculture regions. Focusing on a typical mariculture region in the coastal waters of China, we examined the combined effects of topography, hydrodynamics, and biogeochemical processes. A high-resolution three-dimensional physical-biogeochemical coupled model, validated against observational data from three summer cruises in 2020, accurately captured key drivers of hypoxia.

Integrative residue-intuitive machine learning and MD Approach to Unveil Allosteric Site and Mechanism for β2AR.

Allosteric drugs offer a new avenue for modern drug design. However, the identification of cryptic allosteric sites presents a formidable challenge. Following the allostery nature of residue-driven conformation transition, we propose a state-of-the-art computational pipeline by developing a residue-intuitive hybrid machine learning (RHML) model coupled with molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, through which we can efficiently identify the allosteric site and allosteric modulator as well as reveal their regulation mechanism.

Decoupling of high-resolution surface pH and DO reveals temporal algal bloom dynamics on the East China Sea.

The stoichiometric ratio between seawater CO and dissolved oxygen (DO) during phytoplankton metabolism holds significant importance in evaluating ecological and biogeochemical processes. We collected high-resolution underway temperature, salinity, DO, and pH data in the East China Sea inner shelf in May 2017. Our results revealed high pH (8.

Seamounts generate efficient active transport loops to nourish the twilight ecosystem.

Seamounts are ecological oases nurturing abundant fisheries resources and epibenthic megafauna in the vast oligotrophic ocean. Despite their significance, the formation mechanisms underlying these seamount ecological oases remain uncertain. To shed light on this phenomenon, this study conducted interdisciplinary in situ observations focusing on a shallow seamount in the oligotrophic ocean.

Strengthening Sn-MOF with SiO/GeO Nanoparticles for Synergistically Enhanced High Capacity and Cycle Stability.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) based on tin (Sn) have shown great potential as materials for lithium storage, thanks to their ability to alleviate volume expansion due to the homogeneous distribution of Sn in a porous matrix framework. However, the weak mechanical strength of the porous Sn-MOF structure has been a major challenge, leading to pulverization during the discharging/charging process. To overcome this issue, we have developed a feasible strategy to strengthen the Sn-MOF mechanical properties by incorporating SiO/GeO nanoparticles during the synthesis process.

A novel FAK-degrading PROTAC molecule exhibited both anti-tumor activities and efficient MDR reversal effects.

FAK (focal adhesion kinase) is widely involved in cancer growth and drug resistance development. Thus, FAK inhibition has emerged as an effective strategy for tumor treatment both as a monotherapy or in combination with other treatments. But the current FAK inhibitors mainly concentrate on its kinase activity, overlooking the potential significance of FAK scaffold proteins.

Prokaryotic community assembly patterns and nitrogen metabolic potential in oxygen minimum zone of Yangtze Estuary water column.

It is predicted that oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) in the ocean will expand as a consequence of global warming and environmental pollution. This will affect the overall microbial ecology and microbial nitrogen cycle. As one of the world's largest alluvial estuaries, the Yangtze Estuary has exhibited a seasonal OMZ since the 1980s.