Orthogonal Control of Lattice Oxygen Activation and Oxygen Evolution Reaction Suppression via "Molecular Gates" for High-Efficiency Nitrile Electrosynthesis.

A fundamental barrier to industrial electrosynthesis is the inescapable trade-off between activity and selectivity at high current densities, where parasitic reactions overwhelm the desired interfacial chemistry. Here, we introduce a bioinspired interfacial decoupling strategy using hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA) to resolve this challenge for nitrile electrosysthesis. The activation of lattice oxygen for substrate dehydrogenation via metal-ligand charge redistribution, and the suppression of OH-driven oxygen evolution reaction (OER) via electrostatic shielding by hydrophobic alkyl chains are concurrently controlled.

[Expressions of androgen receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 in urinary bladder urothelial carcinoma with incidental prostate cancer and clinicopathological features of the malignancy].

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological features and prognosis of urinary bladder urothelial carcinoma (UBUC) with incidental prostate cancer (IPCa).

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinicopathological features of 65 cases of UBUC and 38 cases of UBUC + IPCa after radical cystoprostatectomy (RCP) from January 2017 to February 2020. We compared their expressions of the immunohistochemical markers androgen receptor (AR) and (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2,HER2) between the two groups of patients, and analyzed their clinicopathological characteristics by chi-square test and their survival rates using the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test.

Metallic Ni as Electron Acceptor Modulates the Redox of Catalytic Centers at Activated Ni/Ni(OH) Heterojunctions for Efficient Ethanol Electrooxidation.

The coproduction of high-value-added acetate and hydrogen fuel by ethanol-assisted water electrolysis is significant, but the efficiency of ethanol electrooxidation (EOR) is hindered both by sluggish kinetics, primarily dictated by the redox properties of the catalyst. Therefore, the development of efficient EOR electrocatalysts has to target optimized redox properties. Herein, a Ni/Ni(OH) heterostructure was synthesized by inducing a shift from hydrophilic to hydrophobic properties on the electrode surface during electrochemical deposition.

Oxygen Spillover: Revolutionizing Catalytic Performance and Disrupting Mechanistic Paradigms in Sustainable Chemistry.

Oxygen spillover, a dynamic interfacial phenomenon in catalysis, enables the migration of active oxygen species (*O, *OH) across catalyst interfaces, overcoming the limitations of traditional static active sites and establishing a new paradigm for optimizing catalytic performance in sustainable chemistry. This review systematically examines mechanistic advances in oxygen spillover and its applications in energy-related catalytic reactions (e.g.

Overcoming Acidic Challenges in Hematite Photoanodes: Charge Transport Engineering and Catalytic Interface Optimization.

Hematite (α-FeO) has emerged as a promising photoanode material for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting in acidic environments, owing to its abundance, non-toxicity, and favorable bandgap (≈2.1 eV) enabling visible-light absorption. Despite its high theoretical photocurrent density and stability, practical applications are hindered by rapid charge recombination, low hole mobility, and poor oxygen evolution reaction (OER) kinetics under acidic conditions.

A nanoengineered lithium-hosting carbon/zinc oxide composite electrode material for efficient non-aqueous lithium metal batteries.

Achieving Coulombic efficiency values greater than 99.9% for Li metal cells is considered one of the most important requirements for the technology development of long cycle life in energy-dense Li metal batteries. However, owing to the volume changes in Li metal electrodes and Li reservoir loss during battery operation, this requirement has not yet been realized in Li metal cells.

Steric-Electronic Synergy in Isopropyl-Tailored Electrolytes: Enabling Stable Interphases and Long-Cycling Lithium Metal Batteries via Terminal Isomerization.

The development of electrolytes that synergistically integrate moderate weak solvation, high oxidation stability, and low molecular weight remains a formidable challenge for lithium (Li) metal batteries (LMBs), as conventional chain-extension strategies often exacerbate ionic conductivity loss or fail to suppress α-hydrogen (α-H) oxidation. Herein, a terminal isomerization strategy is proposed to engineer 1,2-diisopropoxyethane (DIPE), an ether electrolyte featuring isopropyl termini that synergistically regulate steric-electronic effects. The branched isopropoxy groups 1) induce tailored steric hindrance to weaken Li⁺-solvent interaction (38.

Stack Pressure-Independent Side-Reaction-Dominant Nanoscale Inactive Mg Loss in Rechargeable Mg Metal Batteries.

Inactive magnesium, including electrochemically formed nanoscale Mg ions in the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI Mg) and electrically isolated unreacted nano metallic Mg (Mg), contributes to poor capacity and cycle life in magnesium metal batteries. Nevertheless, the precise quantification of nanoscale SEI Mg versus inactive Mg, as well as their formation mechanisms and relationship with the anode cycling reversibility, remains elucidated, thereby hindering progress in anode optimization design. Here, a magnesium-targeted acid-assisted continuous titration-collection-gas chromatography (AAC-TCGC) technique is developed to precisely quantify the percentage of nanolevel inactive SEI Mg and Mg in Mg anode, revealing that the predominant contributor to Mg loss is the nanolevel inactive SEI Mg, which is different from the well-known inactive metal-dominant loss mechanism in Li/Zn battery.

Ultra-Processed Food Intake and Risk of Adverse Liver Outcomes: A Meta-Analysis.

This meta-analysis systematically evaluated the association between ultra-processed food (UPF) intake and adverse liver outcomes, addressing a critical evidence gap as prior observational studies lacked pooled quantitative synthesis. Researchers conducted a comprehensive search in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science (up to October 17, 2024) using Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms and keywords. Statistical analyses in Stata 14.

Association between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T polymorphism and cerebral small vessel disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the association between the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, MTHFR) cytosine (C)677thymine (T) polymorphism and cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), addressing potential sources of heterogeneity and publication bias.

Methods: An extensive search of databases, including PubMed, the Excerpta Medical Database, and The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, was conducted to identify studies assessing the prevalence of the MTHFR C677T variant associated with CSVD subtypes in humans. Random or fixed effects models were used to accommodate heterogeneity across the study results.

Leveraging the gut microbiome to understand the risk factor of cognitive impairment in patients with liver cirrhosis.

Objectives: The role of the gut-liver axis in liver cirrhosis is becoming increasingly recognized. We investigated the fecal microbiome in patients with liver cirrhosis and its potential function as a predictive biomarker of hepatic encephalopathy.

Methods: Patients were divided into either a high plasma ammonia (HPA) group or a low plasma ammonia (LPA) group according to the upper limit of normal of plasma ammonia concentration.

Efficacy and safety of switching from entecavir to tenofovir alafenamide in chronic hepatitis B patients with low-level viremia: a real-world 48-week extension study.

Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients receiving entecavir (ETV) treatment might develop low-level viremia (LLV), which is proven to be associated with worse clinical outcomes, such as risk of drug-related mutations, progression to cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma. This real-world prospective study evaluated the efficacy and safety of switching from ETV to tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (TAF) in CHB patients with LLV. From August 2020 to August 2023, 351 ETV-experienced CHB patients with LLV were enrolled from eight hospitals.

Breaking the Ice: Hofmeister Effect-Inspired Hydrogen Bond Network Reconstruction in Hydrogel Electrolytes for High-Performance Zinc-Ion Batteries.

Gel electrolytes have emerged as a promising solution for enhancing the performance of zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs), particularly in flexible devices. However, they face challenges such as low-temperature inefficiency, constrained ionic conductivity, and poor mechanical strength. To address these issues, this study presents a novel PAMCD gel electrolyte with tunable freezing point and mechanical properties for ZIBs, blending the high ionic conductivity of polyacrylamide with the anion interaction capability of β-cyclodextrin.

The breakthrough of oxide pathway mechanism in stability and scaling relationship for water oxidation.

An in-depth understanding of electrocatalytic mechanisms is essential for advancing electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The emerging oxide pathway mechanism (OPM) streamlines direct O-O radical coupling, circumventing the formation of oxygen vacancy defects featured in the lattice oxygen mechanism (LOM) and bypassing additional reaction intermediates (*OOH) inherent to the adsorbate evolution mechanism (AEM). With only *O and *OH as intermediates, OPM-driven electrocatalysts stand out for their ability to disrupt traditional scaling relationships while ensuring stability.

Application of polyamide 56 nanofiber membrane loaded with coffee grounds carbon dots in Fe detection.

One novel nanofiber membrane was fabricated which could detect Fe with the help of either fluorescence spectrometer or smartphone. Coffee grounds carbon dots (CCDs) were prepared by the solvent-thermal method, followed by the fabrication of CCDs/polyamide 56 (PA56) composite nanofiber membrane through electrospinning process. The 4 % CCDs/PA56 composite nanofiber membrane (FNM4) maintained good fluorescence performance (λ = 554 nm, λ = 470 nm) even after 5-runs quenching-recovery cycles.

A smartphone-integrated bimetallic ratiometric fluorescent probe for specific visual detection of tetracycline antibiotics in food samples and latent fingerprinting.

Designing and preparing highly sensitive and accurate fluorescent chemosensors for monitoring tetracycline antibiotics remains a challenge. Herein, a fluorescent chemosensor based on lanthanide metal-organic frameworks (Ln-MOFs) is proposed to realize high-precision monitoring by adjusting the ratio of lanthanide ions. Ln-MOFs with good aqueous stability were prepared by a solvothermal method using Eu, Tb and the ligand 4,4',4″-s-triazine-2,4,6-triyltribenzoic acid (HTATB) in DMF/NMP/HO.

Efficacy of problem-solving therapy in treating late-life depression with potential cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Late-life depression (LLD) is a global public health issue, often accompanied by cognitive impairments that can exacerbate the severity of depression and impair social functioning. Despite being a well-established treatment for LLD, the suitability of problem-solving therapy (PST) for individuals with LLD and varying degrees of cognitive impairments warrants further investigation. This paper presents the protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) aimed at evaluating the effectiveness and acceptability of PST for this specific demographic.

Copper Sulfide based Photocatalysts, Electrocatalysts and Photoelectrocatalysts: Innovations in Structural Modulation and Application.

Copper sulfides (CuS, 1 ≤ x ≤ 2) are notable for their unique photoelectric properties and potential applications, particularly in photo/electrocatalysis. These materials are valued for their tunable band gap, near-infrared optical characteristics, and plasmonic resonance effects. However, challenges such as low catalytic activity and limited stability impede their practical applications.

Unlocking Lattice Oxygen on Selenide-Derived NiCoOOH for Amine Electrooxidation and Efficient Hydrogen Production.

In pursuit of advancing the electrooxidation of amines, which is typically encumbered by the inertness of C(sp)-H/N(sp)-H bonds, our study introduces a high-performance electrocatalyst that significantly enhances the production efficiency of vital chemicals and fuels. We propose a novel electrocatalytic strategy employing a uniquely designed (NiCo)Se-R electrocatalyst, which is activated through Se-O exchange and electron orbital spin manipulation. This catalyst efficiently generates M species, thus enabling the activation of lattice oxygen and streamlining the electrooxidation of amines.

Five new glycosides from the culms of var. .

Five new glycosides, namely methyl 3-methoxybenzoate-4,5-di---D-glucopyranoside , (1a,3a,3)-3-(4'---D-glucopyranosyl-3'-methoxyphenyl)-5,6-dioxa-bicyclo[3.3.0]octane-1-one , quinolin-4(1)-one-3---D-glucopyranoside , 3-methoxy-propiophenone 4--(6'--D-xylopyranosyl)--D-glucopyranoside , methyl 3-methoxybenzoate 4--(6'--D-xylopyranosyl)--D-glucopyranoside , and one known compound, bambulignan B were isolated from the culms of var.

Suppression of excitatory synaptic transmission in the centrolateral amygdala via presynaptic histamine H3 heteroreceptors.

The central histaminergic system has a pivotal role in emotional regulation and psychiatric disorders, including anxiety, depression and schizophrenia. However, the effect of histamine on neuronal activity of the centrolateral amygdala (CeL), an essential node for fear and anxiety processing, remains unknown. Here, using immunostaining and whole-cell patch clamp recording combined with optogenetic manipulation of histaminergic terminals in CeL slices prepared from histidine decarboxylase (HDC)-Cre rats, we show that histamine selectively suppresses excitatory synaptic transmissions, including glutamatergic transmission from the basolateral amygdala, on both PKC-δ- and SOM-positive CeL neurons.

Advancing BiVO Photoanode Activity for Ethylene Glycol Oxidation via Strategic pH Control.

The photoelectrochemical (PEC) conversion of organic small molecules offers a dual benefit of synthesizing value-added chemicals and concurrently producing hydrogen (H). Ethylene glycol, with its dual hydroxyl groups, stands out as a versatile organic substrate capable of yielding various C1 and C2 chemicals. In this study, we demonstrate that pH modulation markedly enhances the photocurrent of BiVO photoanodes, thus facilitating the efficient oxidation of ethylene glycol while simultaneously generating H.

The mechanism of Vaspinregulates the proliferation and steroidogenesis of rat lutein cells.

Objective: Stable luteal cell function is an important prerequisite for reproductive ability and embryonic development. However, luteal insufficiency seriously harms couples who have the desire to have a pregnancy, and the most important thing is that there is no complete solution. In addition, Vaspin has been shown to have regulatory effects on luteal cells, but the complex mechanisms involved have not been fully elucidated.

Metabolic syndrome is associated with significant hepatic fibrosis and steatosis in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.

Background And Aims: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), an inflammatory form of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, can progress to advanced liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) parallels the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease/NASH and increases patients' risk of advanced liver disease. This study aimed to determine whether MetS was associated with the histological progression of NASH.