Human fecal fermentation of high/low-molecular weight exopolysaccharides from a medicinal fungus Cs-HK1 and anti-inflammatory protection on gut barrier function.

The exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by the Cordyceps sinensis Cs-HK1 fungus have shown multiple bioactivities and potential health benefits in previous studies. This study was to assess the prebiotic properties and the protective effects on gut barrier of EPS and human fecal fermentation products. Two EPS fractions with different molecular weight (MW) and composition, EPS-LM (4.

The structural characteristics, beneficial effects and biological mechanisms of food and medicinal plant polysaccharides on exercise-induced fatigue: A review.

Exercise-induced fatigue is a common non-pathological condition as a result of excessive or exhaustive sport exercise, and its effective alleviation is essential for optimal sport performance. The use of polysaccharides extracted from food and medicinal plants has been increasingly recognized for their efficacy in relieving exercise-induced fatigue, owing to their remarkable effects and lack of side effects as supplements. Through a comprehensive analysis of nearly two decades of research, we have identified that polysaccharides derived from food and medicinal plants exhibit anti-fatigue properties primarily through antioxidant mechanisms, modulation of immune responses, regulation of gut microbiota, and the regulation of metabolic processes-often involving a combination of these factors.

HH079 alleviates early-life antibiotic-exposed colon dysbiosis in mice by restoring the gut microbiota and gut barrier function.

Antibiotic exposure in early life disrupts gut microbiota development in infants, which could result in intestinal dysfunction. This study mimicked early-life antibiotic exposure in mice by administering antibiotic water to lactating dams, and investigated the effects of a new strain of HH079 ( HH079) on intestinal dysbiosis associated with early-life antibiotic exposure in pups. The results showed that HH079 treatment inhibited the proliferation of and after antibiotic exposure, but promoted the abundance of and and acetate production.

Metabolic outcomes of Cordyceps fungus and Goji plant polysaccharides during in vitro human fecal fermentation.

This study was to assess the digestion and colonic fermentation of two bioactive polysaccharides, EPS-LM and LBPS, and the subsequent influences on human gut microbiota through simulated gastrointestinal systems. EPS-LM, an exopolysaccharide isolated from mycelial culture of a medicinal fungus Cordyceps sinensis Cs-HK1, was characterized as a heteropolysaccharide consisting of Man(108):Gal(52.7):Glc(29.

Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Cs-HK1 Fungus Exopolysaccharide on Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Macrophages via the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB Pathway.

Chronic inflammation is a common factor in the pathological processes of multiple human diseases. EPS-LM, an exopolysaccharide (EPS) from the Cordyceps sinensis fungus Cs-HK1, has shown notable anti-inflammatory activities in previous studies. This study aimed to investigate the major signaling events mediating the anti-inflammatory effects of EPS-LM in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.

Fractionation, characterization, and assessment of nutritional and immunostimulatory protein-rich polysaccharide-protein complexes isolated from Lentinula edodes mushroom.

This study aimed to fractionate and characterize the protein-rich polysaccharide-protein (PSP) complexes from a well-known edible mushroom, Lentinula edodes, and assess their nutritional and immunostimulatory properties. Crude PSP isolated from the mushroom water extract was purified by anion exchange chromatography, yielding fractions PSP-F1 and PSP-F2 containing 66.1 % and 74.

 (Sapotaceae), a new species from the Yuanjiang River basin, Yunnan, southwest China.

(Sapotaceae) is described and illustrated from Yunnan, southwest China. The new species is morphologically most similar to (Roxb.) Raf.

Anti-bacterial effects, and metabolites derived from bifidobacterial fermentation of an exopolysaccharide of Cs-HK1 medicinal fungus.

This study was to investigate the antibacterial effects and metabolites derived from bifidobacterial fermentation of an exopolysaccharide EPS-LM produced by a medicinal fungus Cordyceps sinensis, Cs-HK1. EPS-LM was a partially purified polysaccharide fraction which was mainly composed of Man, Glc and Gal at 7.31:12.

Simulated human digestion and fermentation of a high-molecular weight polysaccharide from Lentinula edodes mushroom and protective effects on intestinal barrier.

Lentinula edodes (Shiitake) is an important edible mushroom and polysaccharides are its major constituents with proven health benefits. The study was to investigate the gut bacterial fermentation and subsequent effects on gut barrier function of a glucan-rich polysaccharide, LePS40 precipitated from the mushroom water extract with 40 % (v/v) ethanol. LePS40 consisted of a β-(1→3)-glucan main chain with substitution in the C-6 position with side chains mainly composed of (1 → 6)-linked β-Glcp residues, (1 → 6)-linked α-Galp residues and terminal residues of β-Glcp.

Phylogenomics and biogeographical diversification of Collabieae (Orchidaceae) and its implication in the reconstruction of the dynamic history of Asian evergreen broadleaved forests.

The tribe Collabieae (Epidendroideae, Orchidaceae) comprises approximately 500 species. Generic delimitation within Collabieae are confusing and phylogenetic interrelationships within the Collabieae have not been well resolved. Plastid genomes and nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences were used to estimate the phylogenetic relationships, ancestral ranges, and diversification rates of Collabieae.

Pathogen Discovery in the Post-COVID Era.

Pathogen discovery plays a crucial role in the fields of infectious diseases, clinical microbiology, and public health. During the past four years, the global response to the COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the importance of early and accurate identification of novel pathogens for effective management and prevention of outbreaks. The post-COVID era has ushered in a new phase of infectious disease research, marked by accelerated advancements in pathogen discovery.

Diffuse arterial atherosclerosis presenting with acute ischemic gastritis: A case report.

Background: Ischemic gastritis is a clinically rare disease with high mortality that infrequently reported in the medical literature and under-recognized clinically and histopathologically. Early diagnosis and treatment can only be achieved through upper gastrointestinal endoscopy after symptoms appear.

Case Summary: A 68-year-old woman with a history of intracranial aneurysm developed dizziness, chest tightness and unconsciousness for 2 d.

Genome sequence of a Sobemovirus from the feces of Northern Pintail (Anas acuta).

Northern pintail (Anas acuta) is a migratory waterfowl that can transmit various viruses. The genome sequence of a Sobemovirus was determined using metagenomic sequencing from the feces of northern pintail (Anas acuta) in Xinjiang, northwest China. The virus possesses a linear RNA molecule of 4177 bp and is most closely related to isolates SoMV-WA (GenBank accession no.

Altered GC- and AT-biased genotypes of Ophiocordyceps sinensis in the stromal fertile portions and ascospores of natural Cordyceps sinensis.

Objective: To examine multiple genotypes of Ophiocordyceps sinensis in a semi-quantitative manner in the stromal fertile portion (SFP) densely covered with numerous ascocarps and ascospores of natural Cordyceps sinensis and to outline the dynamic alterations of the coexisting O. sinensis genotypes in different developmental phases.

Methods: Mature Cordyceps sinensis specimens were harvested and continuously cultivated in our laboratory (altitude 2,254 m).

Theoretical framework, indicator system and practical application of key biodiversity areas.

With the continuous decline of global biodiversity, biodiversity conservation has attracted more and more attention from the international society. In order to slow down the trend of biodiversity decline, it is particularly important to identify key areas for biodiversity conservation. However, most of current methods for identifying important areas have different assessment criteria and focus on different biological assemblages (species or communities) and ecosystem types.

Comprehensive analysis of the fates and risks of veterinary antibiotics in a small ecosystem comprising a pig farm and its surroundings in Northeast China.

This study investigated the behavior of veterinary antibiotics (VAs) in a small farm ecosystem. Manure and environmental samples were collected around a large pig farm in northeast China. Thirty-four VAs in six categories were analyzed.

Efficient isolation of immunostimulatory polysaccharides from Lentinula edodes by autoclaving-ultrasonication extraction and fractional precipitation.

A hyphenated process, autoclaving followed by ultrasonication (AU), was evaluated for efficient extraction of polysaccharides (PS) from Lentinula edodes (Shiitake) mushroom. The PS yield (w/w) was 8.44 % from hot-water extraction (HWE), 11.

Differential coexistence of multiple genotypes of Ophiocordyceps sinensis in the stromata, ascocarps and ascospores of natural Cordyceps sinensis.

Objective: To examine the differential occurrence of Ophiocordyceps sinensis genotypes in the stroma, stromal fertile portion (SFP) densely covered with numerous ascocarps, and ascospores of natural Cordyceps sinensis.

Methods: Immature and mature C. sinensis specimens were harvested.

 (Phyllanthaceae, Phyllantheae), a new species from Yunnan, south-west China.

Huan C. Wang & Feng Yang (Phyllanthaceae), of sect. Cryptogynium (Müll.

Retrospective genomic analysis of the first Lumpy skin disease virus outbreak in China (2019).

Lumpy skin disease caused by Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) is a severe systemic disease affecting cattle and other ruminants. Lumpy skin disease was first reported in northwest China in August 2019 and has severely threatened the cattle breeding industry in China. However, there have been limited genomic studies of LSDV from the first outbreak and its subsequent epidemics.

Prevalence of Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) in Feral and Farmed Wild Boars in Xinjiang, Northwest China.

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes infections in humans and a wide range of animal hosts. Wild boar is an important natural reservoir of HEV genotypes 3−6 (HEV-3−HEV-6), but comparative analysis of HEV infections in both feral and farmed wild boars remains limited. In this study, samples from 599 wild boars were collected during 2017−2020, including 121 feral wild boars (collected 121 fecal, 121 serum, and 89 liver samples) and 478 farmed wild boars (collected 478 fecal and 478 serum samples).

Synthetic Conditions, Physical Properties, and Antibacterial Activities of Silver Nanoparticles with Exopolysaccharides of a Medicinal Fungus.

Natural polysaccharides are attractive and promising biomacromolecules for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) with a broad spectrum of useful functions. This study aims to evaluate the synthetic conditions and physical properties of Ag NPs using three fractions of exopolysaccharide (EPS), namely EPS-1, EPS-2, and EPS-3, produced by a medicinal fungus known as Cs-HK1, with variations in their chemical composition and molecular weight. Each of the EPS fractions had a unique set of optimal synthetic conditions (reaction time course, temperature, and reagent concentration), resulting in a specific range of Ag NP size distributions.