Human fecal fermentation of high/low-molecular weight exopolysaccharides from a medicinal fungus Cs-HK1 and anti-inflammatory protection on gut barrier function.

The exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by the Cordyceps sinensis Cs-HK1 fungus have shown multiple bioactivities and potential health benefits in previous studies. This study was to assess the prebiotic properties and the protective effects on gut barrier of EPS and human fecal fermentation products. Two EPS fractions with different molecular weight (MW) and composition, EPS-LM (4.

Metabolic outcomes of Cordyceps fungus and Goji plant polysaccharides during in vitro human fecal fermentation.

This study was to assess the digestion and colonic fermentation of two bioactive polysaccharides, EPS-LM and LBPS, and the subsequent influences on human gut microbiota through simulated gastrointestinal systems. EPS-LM, an exopolysaccharide isolated from mycelial culture of a medicinal fungus Cordyceps sinensis Cs-HK1, was characterized as a heteropolysaccharide consisting of Man(108):Gal(52.7):Glc(29.

Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Cs-HK1 Fungus Exopolysaccharide on Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Macrophages via the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB Pathway.

Chronic inflammation is a common factor in the pathological processes of multiple human diseases. EPS-LM, an exopolysaccharide (EPS) from the Cordyceps sinensis fungus Cs-HK1, has shown notable anti-inflammatory activities in previous studies. This study aimed to investigate the major signaling events mediating the anti-inflammatory effects of EPS-LM in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.

Fractionation, characterization, and assessment of nutritional and immunostimulatory protein-rich polysaccharide-protein complexes isolated from Lentinula edodes mushroom.

This study aimed to fractionate and characterize the protein-rich polysaccharide-protein (PSP) complexes from a well-known edible mushroom, Lentinula edodes, and assess their nutritional and immunostimulatory properties. Crude PSP isolated from the mushroom water extract was purified by anion exchange chromatography, yielding fractions PSP-F1 and PSP-F2 containing 66.1 % and 74.

Simulated human digestion and fermentation of a high-molecular weight polysaccharide from Lentinula edodes mushroom and protective effects on intestinal barrier.

Lentinula edodes (Shiitake) is an important edible mushroom and polysaccharides are its major constituents with proven health benefits. The study was to investigate the gut bacterial fermentation and subsequent effects on gut barrier function of a glucan-rich polysaccharide, LePS40 precipitated from the mushroom water extract with 40 % (v/v) ethanol. LePS40 consisted of a β-(1→3)-glucan main chain with substitution in the C-6 position with side chains mainly composed of (1 → 6)-linked β-Glcp residues, (1 → 6)-linked α-Galp residues and terminal residues of β-Glcp.

Honokiol induces apoptosis-like death in Cryptocaryon irritans Tomont.

Background: Cryptocaryon irritans, a common parasite in tropical and subtropical marine teleost fish, has caused serious harm to the marine aquaculture industry. Honokiol was proven to induce C. irritans tomont cytoplasm shrinkage and death in our previous study, but the mechanism by which it works remains unknown.

Genetic analysis of the ATP11B gene in Chinese Han population with cerebral small vessel disease.

Background: A loss-of-function mutation in ATPase phospholipid transporting 11-B (putative) (ATP11B) gene causing cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) in vivo, and a single intronic nucleotide polymorphism in ATP11B: rs148771930 that was associated with white matter hyperintensities burden in European patients with SVD, was recently identified. Our results suggest that ATP11B may not play an essential role in SVD in the Chinese population.

Results: We performed target region sequencing including ATP11B gene in 182 patients with sporadic SVD, and identified five rare variants and two novel variants of ATP11B.

expanded GGC repeats in patients with cerebral small vessel disease.

Objective: GGC repeat expansions in the human-specific gene have been reported as the cause of neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID). Given the clinical overlap of cognitive impairment in NIID and cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), both diseases have white matter hyperintensity on T2-fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequences of brain MRI, and white matter hyperintensity is a primary neuroimaging marker of CSVD on MRI. Therefore, we hypothesised that the GGC repeat expansions might also contribute to CSVD.

Synchronous sporadic bilateral multiple chromophobe renal cell carcinoma accompanied by a clear cell carcinoma and a cyst: A case report.

Background: Renal cell carcinomas are usually unilateral. However, they are bilateral in 2% to 4% of sporadic cases and is considerably more common in familial cases. Synchronous sporadic bilateral multiple chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (CHRCC) with different subtypes is rare.