Oligodendrocytes drive neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease via the prosaposin-GPR37-IL-6 axis.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease and is difficult to treat due to its elusive mechanisms. Recent studies have identified a striking association between oligodendrocytes and PD progression, yet how oligodendrocytes regulate the pathogenesis of PD is still unknown. Here, we show that G-protein-coupled receptor 37 (GPR37) is upregulated in oligodendrocytes of the substantia nigra and that prosaposin (PSAP) secretion is increased in parkinsonian mice.

GDF11 slows excitatory neuronal senescence and brain ageing by repressing p21.

As a major neuron type in the brain, the excitatory neuron (EN) regulates the lifespan in C. elegans. How the EN acquires senescence, however, is unknown.

Impaired metabolism of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and axons in demyelinated lesion and in the aged CNS.

The key pathology of multiple sclerosis (MS) comprises demyelination, axonal damage, and neuronal loss, and when MS develops into the progressive phase it is essentially untreatable. Identifying new targets in both axons and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) and rejuvenating the aged OPCs holds promise for this unmet medical need. We summarize here the recent evidence showing that mitochondria in both axons and OPCs are impaired, and lipid metabolism of OPCs within demyelinated lesion and in the aged CNS is disturbed.

Comprehensive Analysis of Pyroptosis-Related Genes and Tumor Microenvironment Infiltration Characterization in Breast Cancer.

Background: Immunotherapy has emerged as a significant strategy to treat numerous tumors. The positive response to immunotherapy depends on the dynamic interaction between tumor cells and infiltrating lymphocytes in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Pyroptosis, inflammation-induced cell death, is intricately associated with several tumors.

Raloxifene Protects Cisplatin-Induced Renal Injury in Mice via Inhibiting Oxidative Stress.

Purpose: Cisplatin is one of the most widely used antineoplastic drugs but has limited therapeutic effects due to nephrotoxicity. The aim of this study was to determine the possible renoprotective effect of the antioxidant raloxifene on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in mice.

Materials And Methods: Cisplatin-induced acute renal injury was established in female C57 mice that were treated with saline (normal control) or raloxifene over a 7-day period.

Normal Basal Epithelial Cells Stimulate the Migration and Invasion of Prostate Cancer Cell RM-1 by TGF-β1/STAT3 Axis in vitro.

Aim: Basal epithelial cells are absent in distant prostate cancer. This study aimed to investigate whether basal epithelial cells could suppress migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells to become a new treatment strategy for prostate cancer.

Main Methods: Basal epithelial cells were identified by immunofluorescence with anti-p63.

Biological implications of PTEN upregulation and altered sodium/iodide symporter intracellular distribution in resveratrol-suppressed anaplastic thyroid cancer cells.

Anaplastic thyroid cancer/ATC is a highly aggressive malignancy with extremely poor prognosis. Resveratrol/Res promotes re-differentiation of cancer cells and exerts inhibitory effects on ATC cells. Sodium/iodide symporter/NIS and phosphate and tension homology deleted on chromsome ten/PTEN levels are positively correlated with the grade of thyroid cancer differentiation, while the impact of Res on them remain unknown.

[Application of guide combined with probing the internal wall of pedicle screw trajectory for subaxial cervical pedicle screw placement].

Objective: To investigate the skill and evaluate the accuracy for application of guide combined with probing the internal wall of pedicle screw trajectory for subaxial cervical pedicle screw placement.

Methods: Subaxial cervical pedicle screw was inserted in 11 patients by the guide combined with probing the internal wall of pedicle screw trajectory from January 2014 to October 2016, including 7 males and 4 females with an average age of 48.1 years(ranged 32 to 63 years).

Promotive effects of bone morphogenetic protein 2 on angiogenesis in hepatocarcinoma via multiple signal pathways.

The effects of Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) on the angiogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma have not yet been observed and its molecular mechanisms is not clear. We first constructed the recombinant lentivirus vectors expressing small hairpin RNA against BMP-2 gene (LV-SH-BMP2) and the recombinant lentivirus vectors over-expressing BMP-2 (overexpression-LV-BMP2), and then the two recombinant lentivirus vectors were respectively transfected into Hep G2 cells. The Hep G2 cells transfected with LV-SH-BMP2 or overexpression-LV-BMP2 were respectively co-cultured with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to observe the effects of BMP-2 on HUVECs.

[Bone substitutes augmentation combined with internal fixation versus internal fixation alone in treating proximal femoral fractures in the elderly: a meta-analysis].

Objective: To systematically review the effectiveness of bone substitute augmentation combined with internal fixation versus internal fixation alone in treating proximal femoral fractures in the elderly.

Methods: Subject term and keywords were searched from Pubmed, Cochrane databases and CNKI from database foundation to August 2015. Randomized controlled studies and qusi-randomized controlled studies on bone substitutes augmentation combined with internal fixation versus internal fixation alone for the treatment of proximal femoral fractures in the elderly were chosen.

[A Numerical Study of Typical Heavy Air Pollution Episode of PM₂.₅ in Shanghai].

To analyze the characteristics and formation mechanism of a heavy air pollution episode in Shanghai City from January 23th to January 24th, 2013, the observed data of PM₂.₅ concentration and ground meteorological data and the WRF-Chem model were collected. The analysis revealed that the synoptic necessary mechanism of the heavy air pollution episode could be characterized by the following patterns: Accompanied with weak cold front activities, the city experienced weak winds (i.

[Research on the reliability of the Akagi line as a reference axis to guide for rotational alignment of the proximal tibial component in total knee arthroplasty].

Objective: To study on the reliability of the Akagi line as a reference axis to guide for rotational alignment of the proximal tibial component in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) the rotational alignment reference bony landmarks of the proximal tibial component on magnetic resonance image (MRI) were measured.

Methods: From January 2010 to December 2013, 80 normal knees of Chinese volunteers including 35 males and 45 females with an average age of (35.4±6.

[Strategy by stages for preventing respiratory complications of acute cervical spinal cord injury].

Objective: To investigate clinical effects of strategy by stages for preventing respiratory complications of patients with acute cervical spinal cord injury (ACSCI).

Methods: From September 2009 to May 2013,the clinical data of 91 patients with ACSCI underwent surgery were retrospectively analyzed. Among the patients, 42 patients were divided into in-stages group, including 30 males and 12 females with an average age of 50 years old (ranged 28 to 76) which were treated with strategy by stages for preventing respiratory complications; others 49 patients which were not treated with the strategy regarded as control group, including 38 males and 11 females with an average age of 47 years old (ranged 30 to 77).

Fascia and Primo Vascular System.

The anatomical basis for the concept of acupuncture points/meridians in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has not been resolved. This paper reviews the fascia research progress and the relationship among acupuncture points/meridians, primo vascular system (PVS), and fascia. Fascia is as a covering, with common origins of layers of the fascial system despite diverse names for individual parts.

[Surgical treatment of displaced intra-articular fractures of the calcaneus in elderly patients].

Objective: To study the clinical effects of surgical treatment of displaced intra-articular fractures of the calcaneus in elderly patients, and to discuss the operative indications.

Methods: From January 2000 to December 2007, 24 elderly patients with 26 fractures underwent open reduction and internal fixation for a displaced intra-articular fracture of calcaneus, which included 18 feet of 18 males and 8 feet of 6 female, with an average age of 67 years (range, 60 to 75 years). According to Sanders classification based on CT scanning, 13 fractures were rated as type II, 12 as type III and 1 as type IV.

[Clinical observation on the modified external fixation with splints for double fractures of forearm in children].

Objective: To explore the advantages of conservative treatment for trauma of children,and evaluate effect of external fixation for the treatment of double fractures of forearm.

Methods: From June 2007 to June 2008, 52 patients with double fractures of forearm were treated with manipulative reduction and modified external fixation by splints. Among them, 33 males and 19 females,the age was from 4 to 15 years with an average of 8.

(4S)-Benzyl 4-isopropyl-5-oxo-1,3-oxazolidine-3-carboxyl-ate.

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C(14)H(17)NO(4), obtained by the reaction of N-benzoxycarbonyl-l-valine, paraformaldehyde and 4-methyl-benzene-sulfonic acid, mol-ecules are linked by C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, generating linear chains parallel to the a axis. C-H⋯π inter-actions of stacked benzene rings also provide stability for the crystal structure.