Associations between trajectories of plasma biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease, brain structures, and cognitive function: a prospective cohort study in the UK Biobank.

Plasma amyloid-β(Aβ)42/40 ratio, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neurofilament light (NfL), and phosphorylated tau181(p-tau181) are promising biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related pathology. We aimed to explore the longitudinal trajectories of these biomarkers in association with changes in structural brain markers and cognition, and the impact of cognitive reserve on their associations with cognitive function. This cohort study included 1270 individuals (mean age 59.

The effect of physical activity on anti-infection immunity: a review.

Purpose: Physical exercise influences the body's resistance to inflammatory and infectious diseases. It has emerged as a crucial physiological regulator of immunological function. In addition, regular, moderate-intensity exercise enhances immune function and may reduce the risk of some infections.

Characterization of brain morphology associated with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in the UK Biobank.

Background: Emerging evidence has linked metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) with accelerated cognitive decline and dementia. We aimed to investigate the associations of MASLD with volumes of total brain tissue and subcortical grey matter, and white matter microstructures in the UK Biobank.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 29,195 individuals (aged 45-82 years) from the UK Biobank who undertook a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sub-study between 2014 and 2022.

Visualization of mitochondrial molecular dynamics during mitophagy process by label-free surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy.

Background: Mitophagy is a selective way to eliminate dysfunctional mitochondria and recycle their constituents, which plays an important role in regulating and maintaining intracellular homeostasis. Real-time monitoring mitophagy process is of great importance for cellular physiological and pathological processes related to mitochondria. Howbeit, most of the current methods only focus on single-parameter detection of mitochondrial microenvironmental changes such as pH, viscosity and polarity.

Ferulic acid alleviates cardiac injury by inhibiting avermectin-induced oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis.

Avermectin (AVM) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic from the macrolide class, extensively employed in fisheries and aquaculture. Nevertheless, its indiscriminate utilisation has resulted in a substantial accumulation of remnants in the aquatic ecosystem, potentially inflicting significant harm to the cardiovascular system of aquatic species. Ferulic acid (FA) is a naturally occurring compound in wheat grain husks.

Preparation, characterization, antimicrobial evaluation, and grape preservation applications of polyvinyl alcohol/gelatin composite films containing zinc oxide@quaternized chitosan nanoparticles.

This study employed a precipitation method to synthesize zinc oxide@quaternised chitosan nanoparticles (ZnO@QAC NPs) containing different concentrations of zinc oxide, namely ZnO@QAC-2, ZnO@QAC-4, and ZnO@QAC-6. Subsequently, these nanoparticles were incorporated into matrices consisting of gelatine (Gn) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) separately, which were prepared by casting to form a biodegradable film. We assessed the physicochemical properties of ZnO@QAC NPs and physicochemical characteristics, antioxidant properties, antimicrobial activity and grape preservation efficacy of the film.

Causal role of immune cells in major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder: Mendelian randomization (MR) study.

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) are prevalent psychiatric conditions linked to inflammatory processes. However, it is unclear whether associations of immune cells with these disorders are likely to be causal.

Methods: We used two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to investigate the relationship between 731 immune cells and the risk of MDD and BD.

[Elucidating the Impacts of Meteorology and Emission Changes on Concentrations of Major Air Pollutants in Major Cities in the Yangtze River Delta Region Using a Machine Learning De-weather Method].

This study applied a de-weather method based on a machine learning technique to quantify the contribution of meteorology and emission changes to air quality from 2015 to 2021 in four cities in the Yangtze River Delta Region. The results showed that the significant reductions in PM, NO, and SO emissions(57.2%-68.

Lifestyle interventions to prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes in women at high risk for gestational diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial.

Objective: To examine the effects of lifestyle interventions, including dietary guidance, health education and weight management, on pregnancy outcomes in women at high risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Methods: Our study included 251 women at high risk of GDM and 128 randomized to lifestyle interventions (dietary guidance, health education, and weight management); One hundred and twenty-three people were randomly assigned to a control group (regular pregnancy check-ups). Counts between groups were compared using either chi-square test or Fisher's exact test.

Developing and validating a nomogram for cognitive impairment in the older people based on the NHANES.

Objective: To use the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Study (NHANES) to develop and validate a risk-prediction nomogram for cognitive impairment in people aged over 60 years.

Methods: A total of 2,802 participants (aged ≥ 60 years) from NHANES were analyzed. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression model and multivariable logistic regression analysis were used for variable selection and model development.

Development and validation of mathematical nomogram for predicting the risk of poor sleep quality among medical students.

Background: Despite the increasing prevalence of poor sleep quality among medical students, only few studies have identified the factors associated with it sing methods from epidemiological surveys. Predicting poor sleep quality is critical for ensuring medical Students' good physical and mental health. The aim of this study was to develop a comprehensive visual predictive nomogram for predicting the risk of poor sleep quality in medical students.

The full-length genome sequence of a novel amalgavirus in Lilium spp. in China.

We report for the first time the complete genome sequence of a novel amalgavirus, tentatively designated as 'lily amalgavirus 1' (LAV-1), isolated from Lilium spp. in China. LAV-1 is a 3448-nt double-stranded RNA virus that encodes two putative proteins.

Stereoselective gold(I)-catalyzed approach to the synthesis of complex α-glycosyl phosphosaccharides.

Glycosyl phosphosaccharides represent a large and important family of complex glycans. Due to the distinct nature of these complex molecules, efficient approaches to access glycosyl phosphosaccharides are still in great demand. Here, we disclose a highly efficient and stereoselective approach to the synthesis of biologically important and complex α-glycosyl phosphosaccharides, employing direct gold(I)-catalyzed glycosylation of the weakly nucleophilic phosphoric acid acceptors.

Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of 1-substituted -2-aryl imidazoles targeting tubulin polymerization as potential anticancer agents.

A series of novel 1-substituted-2-aryl imidazoles (SAI) were designed and synthesized based on our previously reported ABI (2-Aryl-4-Benzoyl Imidazole) analogs and on the structure of combretastatin A-4 (CA-4). These compounds showed potent antiproliferative activities against six human cancer cell lines with IC values in nano molar range. Among them, compound 3X exhibited the best anticancer activity with an average IC value of ∼100 nM.